Comparative Race and Ethnicity

SYG 6705

Fall 2005

LC 309

Dr. Alex Stepick

DM 320C

348-2247

Office Hours: Thursdays after Class and by Appointment

Course Description:

This course will cover theoretical literature on the concepts of race and ethnicity from the fields of Sociology and Anthropology. While the literature on race and ethnicity is extensive, it is not expected that you be familiar with all of it. Instead, this course aims to make the student aware and knowledgeable of the main themes prominent to race and ethnicity and the subject matter’s history. Upon completion of this course you should be able to (1) teach a race and ethnicity course at the undergraduate level, (2) identify the core theoretical concepts of race and ethnicity that are shown in the weekly subject headings given below, and (3) pass a graduate level comprehensive exam on the topic of race and ethnicity.

The literature on race and ethnicity is extraordinarily large. It is hopeless to try to read all of it, let alone master it all. There are hundreds of books. Numerous specialized journals address the topic, apart from special issues of the primary disciplinary journals and innumerable articles in disciplinary journals. Web sites and electronic discussion groups also address these issues. Instead of trying to cover all of these materials, we will focus on broad theories that underlay almost all sociological and anthropological writing on the subject. Understanding these theories should allow one to quickly understand the framework for any substantive study of race and ethnicity.

Course Requirements:

1. This course will be conducted in a seminar style. It is required that students attend and participate in class. Each week selected students will present the readings and topic to be discussed. The particular students must submit their Reading Log Questions (see WebCT) by Wednesday evening at 8:00 pm before class on Thursday morning.
2. All students each week will submit a written summary comparing two (2) of the week’s readings. This is due at the start of each class session. These assignments will count for 20% of your final grade.
3. Each student will be responsible for leading two class discussions during the semester. Everyone should pair up with a classmate and choose the topic they’d like to present. For each presentation, the pair should be prepared to discuss the week’s readings, and may choose to introduce any additional, relevant material necessary. Each presentation should last the duration of the class time, with time allotted for class discourse. This will count for 15 percent of your final grade.
4. One oral class presentations that will be either an undergraduate lecture on some subject in Race and Ethnicity or a research presentation on a substantive issue in comparative race an ethnicity. You will apply the theories of the first part of the course to a particular substantive issue. Reading lists for suggested substantive issues are at the end of this Syllabus. You may choose a different substantive issue subject to the approval of Dr. Stepick. The subject and the lecture should be appropriate for an advanced undergraduate, graduate class or professional audience. It should be about 30 minutes on a subject that you choose and is related to your interests. This will count for 15 percent of the course grade
5. The Final Exam will be, the student will complete a final project for the course by constructing course syllabi for both an undergraduate course and a graduate course. The syllabi should reflect the views of the student on which topics and readings were useful and which were not by reevaluating which readings he or she would include. This project will account for 25% of the final grade.

Final Grade:

20% - Presentation of Readings

10% - Class Participation

25% - Weekly Reading Logs

20% - Undergrad Lecture or Research Presentation

25% - Final Exam or Paper

100%

Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct:

The taking of words and ideas from any other sources(s) without full citation/attribution is a serious academic offense. Students must take care to fully and faithfully attribute both words and ideas taken from any other sources in conjunction with any work produced for this class. Proper attribution must be given to books, scholarly articles, web-sources, TV, and newspapers/magazines sources. If students have any questions about how to undertake proper citation of another’s work, please contact the instructor.

No outside sources, articles, books, or book reviews are to be used in the writing of the essays. The assigned readings and your thoughts are all that you need. If you want to use any other outside sources, either on-line or in print, you must coordinate with me first.

http://www.fiu.edu/~oabp/misconductweb/unitinstructions.htm

Course Schedule and Reading Assignments:

Each week the readings will focus on one particular theme of race and ethnicity. As a class we will address the individual assumptions that each author made about race and ethnicity in his or her writing. We will discuss how the readings relate to one another and to readings from previous classes. The topics listed below are on the days they will be discussed and the readings listed and their reading logs are due on the day and should have been read prior to the class. The articles will be available as bound Xeroxed copies available in the Sociology/Anthropology Department. Those sources not found in the bound copies are noted with an asterisk.

Weekly Schedule

Week 1, September 1 Introduction / Basic Concepts

Discussion Questions:

What is race? What is ethnicity?

Required Reading

· Isajiw, Wsevolod W. "Definitions of Ethnicity," Ethnicity, vol. 1, no.2 (July) 1974: 111-124.

· Ethnic, ethnical, ethnicity, ethnie, ethnique”: Entries from Oxford English Dictionary

· The Canadian Board of Social and Economic Statistics, on Ethnicity.

· http://www.statcan.ca/english/concepts/definitions/ethnicity.htm

· The Encyclopedia of Religion and Society, William H. Swatos, Jr. “Ethnicity”

· http://hirr.hartsem.edu/ency/ethnicity.htm

· White by Law and What is Race? By Ian F. Haney Lopez, “The Social Construction of Race: Some Observations on Illusion, Fabrication, and Choice,”

· http://academic.udayton.edu/race/01race/race.htm

Week 2: September 8th Biological Constructions of Race

Discussion Questions:

Is race biological? What evidence is there that race is biologically based? Is race merely a social construction? Is the belief that race is biological still widely accepted? Where and in what context? What is the “best” data that Hernstein and Murray present? What are the critiques of Murray and Hernstein? What are the primary historical sources for the biological view of race? How do these theorists define race and ethnicity? From what you read what would you deem the major biologically influenced historical views on race to be?

Required Reading

· Thompson, Richard H. “In Genes We Trust: The Sociobiology of Race and Ethnicity,”

· Thompson, Richard H. “Ethnicity and Human Nature,” Thompson, Richard H. Theories of Ethnicity: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Greenwood Press.

· Herrnstein, Richard and Charles Murray. Bell Curve : Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (Sections III and IV)

· Bernie Devlin, Stephen E. Fienberg, Daniel P. Resnick, and Kathryn Roeder, editors. Intelligence, Genes and Success: Scientists Respond to The Bell Curve. (Chapters 1 and 2)

· The Biological and Social Meaning of Race, 1971. Social Biology vol. 46 no. 3. pg 228-231.

· Glasgow, J. M. On the new biology of race. The journal of philosophy, vol. 100, no. 9. pg 456-474.

· Brown, Kathleen. Native Americans and early modern concepts of race. In Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples, 1600 – 1850. Daunton, Martin and Rick Halpern (eds.). University of Pennsylvania Press: 1999. (available at the Reserve Desk in the Library)

Recommended Reading

· http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/

· C. Loring Brace, "Race" Is a Four-Letter Word, The Genesis of the Concept, Oxford University Press. 1987 Sociology. 3rd edition. New York: Worth Publishing, Inc.

· Juan Comas. Racial Myths. UNESCO, 1958

· Richard Goldsby. Race and Races. New York: Macmillan, 1971.

· Nancy Stepan. The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain, 1800-1960. Hamden, Conn: Archon Books, 1982.

· Richard H. Osborne. The Biological and Social Meaning of Race. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co. 1971.

Week 3: September 15th Race as a Social Construction: The History of the Construction of Race in the West

Discussion Questions:

Are the beginnings of the concepts of race historically traceable? What might have caused the concept to form? What evidence is there that race is biologically based? Why do we continue in believing that race is biological despite scientific evidence to the contrary?

Required Reading

· Sanjek, Roger. “The Enduring Qualities of Race” in Gregory, Steven and Roger Sanjek (eds.) Race. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press

· Van den Berghe, Pierre. Race and Racism. New York: Wiley, Chapter I.

· Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeasure of Man. W.W. Norton & Company, 1981. Chapters 5, 6 & 7.

· Armelagos, George J. and Alan H. Goodman. “Race, Racism, and Anthropology”. In Building a New Biocultural Synthesis. Ed. Goodman and Leatherman. 1998. pg 359-378. (available at the Reserve Desk in the Library)

Recommended Reading

· Tocqueville, Democracy in America, chapter XVIII, “The Present and Probable Future Condition of the ThreevRaces that Inhabit the Territory of the United States.”

· Stocking, George W. Jr. "The Critique of Racial Formalism," in Historical Perspective," in Stocking. Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology. New York: The Free Press, 1968:161-195.

· Juan Comas. Racial Myths. UNESCO, 1958

· Richard Goldsby. Race and Races. New York: Macmillan, 1971.

· Nancy Stepan. The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain, 1800-1960. Hamden, Conn: Archon Books, 1982.

· Richard H. Osborne. The Biological and Social Meaning of Race. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co. 1971.

· (1) Brown, Michael K.. “Race in the American Welfare State: The Ambiguities of ‘Universalistic’ Social Policy since the New Deal”. Chapter in Adolph Reed Jr., ed., “Without Justice for All: The New Liberalism and Our Retreat from Racial Equality”. Westview Press, 1999.

· (2) Judd, Dennis R.. “Symbolic Politics and Urban Policies: Why African Americans Got So Little from the Democrats”. Chapter in Adolph Reed Jr., ed., “Without Justice for All: The New Liberalism and Our Retreat from Racial Equality”. Westview Press, 1999.

Week 4: September 23th Primordialism, Culture and Race

Discussion Questions:

What is primordialism? What does it have to do with culture? What does it have to do with race? How does it differ from biological versions of race and ethnicity? Who are the main figures who espouse a primordial view? These authors take many different approached to discuss the idea of primordialism. What have you come to understand the dynamics of primordialism to be? How does primordialism incorporate the concepts of culture, race, and ethnicity? How does primordialism differ from biological anthropology when it discusses race and ethnicity?

Required Reading

· Merton, Robert K. “Insiders and Outsiders: A Chapter in the Sociology of Knowledge (1972) The American Journal of Sociology 78(1) July 1972:9-47.

· Geertz, Clifford. “Primordial Ties,” in Hutchinson, John and Anthony D. Smith Ethnicity. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

· Thompson, Richard. “Primordial Sentiments Versus Civil Ties” Theories of Ethnicity, Chapter 3.

· Barth. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Boston: Little Brown. Introduction.

· Weber, Max. “Ethnic Groups,” from Chapter V in Guenther Roth and Clas Wittich (eds.) economy and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press 1978: 385-98. Originally published in 1922 but written before 1914.

· Hale, H. Explaining ethnicity. Comparative Political Studies. vol. 37 no. 4, pg 458-485.

· Arias, E. D. Blackness without ethnicity: Constructing race in Brazil.

· Alexander, J. "The Culture of Race in Middle-class Kingston, Jamaica," American Ethnologist, volume 4, number 3 (August) 1977:413-436.Edward Shils "Primordial, Personal, Sacred and Civil Ties" British Journal of Sociology 8 pp. 130-145.

Recommended Reading

· Keyes, Charles. "Towards a New Formulation of the Concept of Ethnic Group, Ethnicity 3:3 1976:202-13

· Geertz, Clifford . The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.

· A.L. Epstein. "Ethos and Identity,"

· Keyes, Charles. "The Dialectics of Ethnic Change," in Ethnic Change. Charles Keyes, ed. Seattle: University of Washington Press 1981: 4-30.

· Dan Segal, "'Race' and 'Colour' in Pre-Independence Trinidad and Tobago," in Kevin Yelvington (ed.), Trinidad Ethnicity, Knoxville: University of Tennesse Press and London: Warwick University/Macmillan Caribbean Studies Series, 1993.

· Howard Stein and Robert F. Hill. The Ethnic Imperative: Examining the New White Ethnic Movement. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1977.

Week 5 September 29 Primordialism, Culture and Race

Discussion Questions:

What is instrumentalism? What examples of instrumentalism do you see in today’s society? How does it differ from primordialism? What does it have to do with culture? Who are the main figures who espouse an instrumental view?

Required Reading

· Nagel, Joane. “Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture” Social Problems, 41 (1) February 1994: 152-179.

· Cohen, Abner. "Introduction: The Lesson of Ethnicity," in Urban Ethnicity, A. Cohen, ed. London: Tavistock. 1974: ix-xxiv.

· Cohen, Ronald. Ethnicity: Problem and Focus in Anthropology. Annual Reviews in Anthropology. 1978, 7:379-403.

· Calderon, Jose “Hispanic” and “Latino”: The Viability of Categories for Pan-ethnic Unity. Latin American Perspectives 19:4 (Spring 1992) 37-44.

· Naroll, Raoul. "Native Concepts and Cross-Cultural Surveys," American Anthropologist, vol. 69, no. 5, 1967: 511-512

· Gualtieri, S. Becoming “white”: Race, religion, and the foundations of Syrian/Lebanese Ethnicity in the United States. Journal of American Ethnic History. Vol 20, no. 4, 29-58

·

· Michael Banton. "Rational Choice Theory," Ethnic & Racial Studies, 1985. Read articles by Lyon, Dex, and Banton's rejoinder.

Week 6, October 6th Ethnic Identity and Culture

Discussion Questions:

How does race affect the formation of identities? How does ethnicity affect identity? Is identity typically a reflection of culture? Do our identities shape our beliefs on race?

Required Reading

· Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (1983) London: Verso. (Chapters 2 and 3)

· Gupta, Akhil and James Ferguson. “Beyond Culture” Cultural Anthropology 7 (1) 1992:6-23

· Wolf, Eric. “Perilous Ideas,” Current Anthropology 35 (1) February 1994

· Stolcke, V. “Talking Culture” Current Anthropology 36 (1) February 1995

· Daniel Horowitz. 1975. "Ethnic Identity." Chapter 4, pp. 111-140 in Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan, Ethnicity: Theory and Experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Reserve folder)

Recommended Reading

· Cohen, David William and E.S. Atieno Odhiambo. (1992) Burying SM: The Politics of Knowledge and the Sociology of Power in Africa. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

Week 7, October 13th Inter-Ethnic Relations and Stratification

Discussion Questions:

What differences are there between sociological and anthropological theories of race and ethnicity? What conflict do conflict theories address? What is/are the basis(es) of conflict in these theories? Are there any differences between race and ethnicity in these theories?

Required Reading

· Bourdieu, Pierre and Loic Wacquant. “On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason,” Theory, culture and Society 16(1) 1999:41-58

· Sollors, Werner. “Foreward: Theories of American Ethnicity,” in Sollors,Werner. Theories of Ethnicity. New York: New York University Press, 1996

· Milton Gordon (1975) “Toward A General Theory of Racial and Ethnic Group Relations” in Ethnicity: Theory and Experience edited by Nathan Glazer and Daniel Moynihan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

· Cox, Ronald. “Race and Caste” American Journal of Sociology March 1945: 360-368

· Susan Olzak (1986) “A competition Model of Ethnic Collective Action in American Cities 1877-1889” in Competitive Ethnic Relations edited by Susan Olzak and Joanne Nagel. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press

· Doane, Ashley W. Jr. Dominant Group Ethnic Identity in the United States: The Role of ‘Hidden’ Ethnicity in Intergroup Relations,” The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 38, No. 3, Summer 1997: 375-397.

Recommended Reading

· Thompson, Richard H. “Ethnicity and the Capitalist World-System,” Thompson, Richard H. theories of Ethnicity: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Greenwood Press.

· Thompson, Richard H. “Neo-Marxian Explanations and a Reformulation,” Thompson, Richard H. theories of Ethnicity: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Greenwood Press.

· Marger, Martin. “Ethnic Stratification: Power and Inequality,” inMarger, Martin Race and Ethnic Relations: American and International Perspectives. California: Wadsworth, 1985.

· Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Modern World System I. New York: Academic Press, 1974.

· Edna Bonacich. 1972. "A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market" American Sociological Review, 37: 547-559.

· Baran and Sweezy. "Monopoly Capital and Race Relations," Chap. 9 of Monopoly Capital. 1966.

· Blauner, Robert. 1969. “Internal Colonialism and Ghetto Revolt.” Social Problems 16” 393-408.

Week 8, October 20th Immigration, Minorities and their Place in Society

Discussion Questions:

How is race affected by migration and immigration? How does immigration and the creation of minorities affect a society? How do minorities in a society affect the concept of race?

Required Reading

· Park, Robert E. “Human Migration and the Marginal Man,” American Journal of Sociology 33(6), May 1928: 881-93]

· DuBois, E.B. chapter 1 of The Souls of Black Folk, "Of our spiritual strivings" and chapters III and IV of the Philadelphia Negro (1896),

· Lieberson, Stanley . A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, Chapters 1 & 12.

· Alejandro Portes and Robert D. Manning. 1986. "The Immigrant Enclave: Theory and Examples." Pp. 47-68 in Susan Olzak and Joane Nagel. Competitive Ethnic Relations. Orlando: Academic Press.

· Castells, Manuel. “Immigrant Workers,” Politics and Society 5 (1) 1975.

Recommended Reading

· Blalock, Hubert M. Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1967. Chapter 3 and pp. 204-221.

Week 9, October 27th Assimilation and Segmented Assimilation

Discussion Questions:

What is assimilation? Is it a new concept? How is it different from acculturation, accommodation, adaptation, or integration? What facets of society does assimilation affect and how? Is assimilation beneficial and to whom? Is it detrimental and to whom? What is Gordon’s definition and what are his dimensions of assimilation?

Required Reading

· Gordon, Milton M. "Assimilation in America: Theory and Reality," in Yetman, pp. 245-258/ (Originally from Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass., vol. 90, no. 2 (Spring) 1961: 263-285. [For the more thorough treatment see Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.]

· Alba, Richard and Victor Nee. Rethinking Assimilation: Theory for a New Era of Immigration, International Migration Review. Vol. 31 (4) pp. 826-874.

· Alba, Richard D., John Logan, Amy Lutz, and Brian Stultz. 2002. “Only English by the Third Generation? Loss and Preservation of the Mother Tongue among the Grandchildren of Contemporary Immigrants.” Demography 39: 467-484.>

· Kazal, R. A. “Revisiting Assimilation” American Historical Society. Vol. 100 April 1995.

Recommended Reading

· Valtonen, Kathleen. “From the Margin to the Mainstream: Conceptualizing Refugee Settlement Processes,” Journal of Refugee Studies, v. 17, no. 1: 2004

· Sowell, T. Ethnic America. New York: Basic Books, 1981: Chapter 1

· Glazer, Nathan and Daniel Patrick Moynihan. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Second edition. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1970. Introduction to the Second Edition (vii-xci), Preface to the First Edition (1-23), Beyond the Melting Pot (292-315).

· Steinberg, S. "Education and Ethnic Mobility: The Myth of Jewish Intellectualism and Catholic Anti-Intellectualism," in Yetman, pp. 278-289. (Originally from The Ethnic Myth, Antheum Publishers, 1981.

· Warner, W. L. and Srole, L. The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups. Westport, Conn: Greewood Press, 1945. pp.: 283-286.

· Glazer, N. and Moynihan, D. P. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Second edition. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1970. Introduction to the Second Edition (vii-xci), Preface to the First Edition (1-23), Beyond the Melting Pot (292-315).

· Greeley, A. M. Why Can't they Be Like Us? America's White Ethnic Groups. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1971. Chapters 2-5 (pp.37-65), Chapters 14 & 15 (pp: 167-192)

Week 10, November 3rd Multiculturalism and Segmented Assimilation

Discussion Questions:

How is segmented assimilation different from assimilation? What evidence supports it? In your experience, what situation have you seen with ethnic relations: assimilation, segmented assimilation, or multiculturalism? What is multiculturalism? What do race and ethnicity have to do with revising assimilation theory?

Required Reading

· Sanders, Jimy M. 2002. “Ethnic Boundaries and Identity in Plural Societies.” Annual Review of Sociology 28: 327-357>

· Rumbaut, Ruben and Alejantro Portes, Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America, University of California.

• Alex Stepick, Guillermo Grenier, Max Castro, and Marvin Dunn. This Land Is Our Land: Immigrants and Power in Miami. University of California Press, 2003.
• Zhou, Min. Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation, International Migration Review. Vol. 31 (4), pp. 975-1008
• Rumbaut, Ruben G. The Crucible within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation among Children of Immigrants International Migration Review, Vol. 28, No. 4, Special Issue: The New Second Generation. (Winter, 1994), pp. 748-794.
• DeWind, Josh and Philip Kasinitz Everything Old is New Again? Processes and Theories of Immigrant Incorporation, International Migration Review. Vol. 31 (4). pp. 1096-1111

Recommended Reading

· Waldinger, Roger (ed.). 2001. Strangers at the Gates: New Immigrants in Urban America. Berkeley: University of California Press.

· Thompson, Richard. “Assimilation and Its Discontents,” Theories of Ethnicity. Chapter 4.

· Pedraza, Silvia. “The Contribution of Latino Studies to Social Science Research on Immigration”. JSRI Occasional Paper #36, The Julian Samora Research Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 1998.

Week 11, November 10th Gender Race and Ethnicity

Required Reading

· A. Yvette Huginnie,. "Containment and Emancipation: Race, Class, and Gender in the Cold War West." The Cold War American West, 1945-1989, ed. Kevin J. Fernlund, University of New Mexico Press, 1998, pp. 51-70.

· Frankenberg, Ruth. “Thinking through Race,” in Race and Ethnic Relations in the U.S. Lexington, 1999

· Kaplan, Gisela “Feminism and Nationalism The European Case” in Louis West (ed.) Feminist Nationalism, New York: Routledge 1997:3-16

· Liu Tessie, "Teaching the Differences Among Women from a Historical Perspective: Rethinking Race and Gender as Social Categories." Women's Studies International Forum 14, no. 4 (1991): 265-276. (Course Reader).

· Karen Leong, "A Distinct and Antagonistic Race: Constructions of Chinese Manhood in the Inclusion Debates, 1869-1878" Across the Great Divide : Cultures of Manhood in the American West, eds. Matthew Basso, et. al., Routledge, 2001

· Dana Frank, "White Working-Class Women and the Race Question." International Labor and Working- Class History, no. 54 (1998): 80-102.

· Ruth Feldstein, Motherhood in Black and White: Race and Sex in American Liberalism, 1930-1965. Cornell University Press, 2000.

Week 11, November 17th Segregation

Discussion Questions:

What is segregation? How does it influence race relations and the concepts of race? Does segregation strengthen ethnic and racial identities? What are other non-racial causes of segregation? How has segregation shaped American race relations? How does segregation affect a society? Is segregation always one-sided or forced on one group or is it mutual at times? What are some non-American examples of segregation?

Required Reading

· Georing, John; Kamely, Ali; Richardson, Todd. “Recent Research on Racial Segregation and Poverty Concentration in Public Housing in the United States”. Urban Affairs Review, 32, 5, May 1997, 723-745.

· Ichheiser, Gustav. Sociopsychological and Cultural Factors in Race Relations. The American Journal of Sociology. (March 1949: 5) 395 – 401.

· Olzak, Susan, Suzanne Shanahan, and Elizabeth H. McEneaney. Poverty, Segregation, and Race Riots: 1960 to 1993 American Sociological Review, Vol. 61, No. 4. (Aug., 1996), pp. 590-613.

· Kelley, Jonathan. The Politics of School Busing. The Public Opinion Quarterly. (38:1) 1974: 23 – 39.

· Massey and Denton’s (1993) Introduction from American Apartheid

Recommended Reading

· Logan, John R., Richard D. Alba, Shu-Yin Leung. Minority Access to White Suburbs: A Multiregional Comparison. Social Forces, Vol. 74, No. 3. (Mar., 1996), pp. 851-881.

· Farley, Reynolds and Alma F. Taeuber, Racial Segregation in the Public Schools The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 79, No. 4. (Jan., 1974), pp. 888-905.

· Massey, Douglas S., Gretchen A. Condran; Nancy A. Denton The Effect of Residential Segregation on Black Social and Economic Well- Being. Social Forces, Vol. 66, No. 1. (Sep., 1987), pp. 29-56.

Week 12, November 24th Thanksgiving Break

Week 13, December 2nd Undergrad Lecture or Research Presentations

Week 14, December 8th Undergrad Lecture or Research Presentations

Week 15, December 16th Final Projects Due