I. External genitalia (Fig. 5.1)

A. Cultural issues

1. In the U.S.

• Moore & Clarke (1995)

  - anatomy texts 1890-1989

• Reconstructive surgery (plastic surgery)-vulva

2. Worldwide

• Female genital mutilation (FGM)

  -80,000,000 women

• Reconstructive surgery - hymen

B. Structures

1. Vulva:

 

2. Mons pubis or mons veneris

 

3. Labia major or outer lips

 

4. Perineum

 

5. Labia minora or inner lips

1) prepuce: folds join above clitoris

2) frenulum: folds join below the clitoris

3) fourchette: raised ridge of skin where inner lips join outer lips

 

6. Vestibule

1) anterior wall of vagina

2) zone of erogenous feeling

3) Grafenberg, 1950

 

7. Bartholin's glands

 

8, Skene's glands, paraurethral glands (~prostate glands)

 

9. Clitoris (see fig and overheads)

1) prepuce or hood (foreskin)

2) glans

3) shaft

4) two crura (also called roots)

5) erectile tissue, corpora cavernosa, within shaft

• similar in embryological origin and structure to penis (Fig. of penis)

(see overhead of male reproductive anatomy and overheads of clitoris)

 

10. Hymen

 

 

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C.Functions of Female Reproductive Structures (See Table 5.1)

 

1. Anatomy (Fig. 6.1)

2. Functions (Table 6.1)

3. Summary (Table)

III. Internal Genitalia

A. Structures (See Fig. 5.2, side view and overhead)

1. Vagina

 

2. Uterus

Fundus: upper, expanded portion

 

Cervix: lower part; projects into vagina

external os: opening of cervix into vagina

internal os: opening into uterus

endocervical canal: within os, ~ 1"

 

Cervical mucus

composition: water, electrolytes, proteins, carbohydrates

changes during menstrual cycle

during ovulation: dilute, abundant, enhances sperm migration

 

Endometrium

• Lining of cell wall
• changes during menstrual cycle
• site of implantation of egg

 

3. Fallopian tubes, or oviducts See Fig. of front view or overhead)

4. Ovaries

 

B. Function of structure (See Table 5.1)

 

IV. Pelvic Exam (add notes from ppt)

 

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