![]()
PUBLICATIONS BY FACULTY & GRADUATE STUDENTS (1995 –
PRESENT)
(Current and former students are in bold)
Bahrick, L. E., Parker, J. F., Fivush, R., & Levitt, M.
(1998). The effects of stress on young children’s memory for a natural disaster.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 4, 308-331.
Berman, G. L., & Cutler, B. L. (1996). Effects of inconsistencies in eyewitness
testimony on mock-juror decisionmaking. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81,
170-177.
Berman, G. L., & Cutler, B. L. (1998). The influence of processing instructions
at encoding and retrieval on face recognition accuracy. Psychology, Crime, &
Law, 4(2), 89-106.
Berman, G. L., Narby, D. J., & Cutler, B. L. (1995). Effects of inconsistent
eyewitness statements on mock-jurors' evaluations of eyewitnesses, perceptions
of defendant culpability and verdicts. Law and Human Behavior, 19, 79-88.
Bottoms, B. L., Kovera, M. B., & McAuliff, B. D. (Eds.) (2002). Children, social
science and the law: Research and policy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bottoms, B. L., Kovera, M. B., & McAuliff, B. D. (2002). Children, law, social
science, and policy: An introduction to the issues. In B.L. Bottoms, M. B.
Kovera, & B. D. McAuliff (Eds.), Children, social science, and the law (p.
1-12). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brewer, N., Potter, R., Fisher, R. P., Bond, N., & Luszcz, M. (1999). Beliefs
and data on the relationship between consistency and accuracy of eyewitness
testimony. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 297-313.
Brigham, J. C., Meissner, C. A., & Wasserman, A. W. (1999). Applied issues in
the construction and expert assessment of photo lineups. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 13, S73-S92.
Brigham, J. C., Wasserman, A. W., & Meissner, C. A. (1999). Disputed eyewitness
identification evidence: Important legal and scientific issues. Court Review,
36, 12-25.
Brock, P., Fisher, R. P., & Cutler, B. L. (1999). Examining the Cognitive
Interview in a double-test paradigm. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 5, 29-45.
Cass, S. A., & Kovera, M. B. (2001, April). Research on the effects of child
pornography is needed. APA Monitor, 32(4), 21.
Collett, M. E., & Kovera, M. B. (2003). The effects of British and American
trial procedures on the quality of juror decision making. Law and Human
Behavior, 27, 403-422.
Cutler, B. L., & Penrod, S. D. (1995). Mistaken identification: Eyewitnesses,
psychology and the law. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cutler, B. L., & Penrod, S. D. (1995). Assessing the accuracy of eyewitness
identification. In. R. Bull and D. Carson (Eds.), Handbook of psychology in
legal contexts (pp. 193-213). Chicester: John Wiley & Sons.
Cutler, B. L., & Penrod, S. D. (1990). Faktoren, die zuverlaessigkeit von
zeugenaussagen beeinflussen. In G. Koehnken & S.L. Sporer (Eds.),
Identifizierung von tatverdaechtigen durch augenzeugen (pp. 25 51). Stuttgart:
Verlag fuer angewandte Psychologie.
Cutler, B. L., Penrod, S. D., & Dexter, H. R. (1990). Juror sensitivity to
eyewitness identification evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 185-191.
Cutler, B. L., Penrod, S. D., & Fisher, R. P. (1994). Conceptual, practical and
empirical issues associated with eyewitness identification test media. In D.
Ross, J. Read and M. Toglia (Eds.), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends
and developments (pp. 163-181). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Devenport, J. L., & Fisher, R. P. (1996). The effect of authority and social
influence on eyewitness suggestibility and person recognition. Journal of Police
and Criminal Psychology, 11, 35-40.
Devenport, J. L., Penrod, S. D., & Cutler, B. L. (1998). Eyewitness
identification evidence: Evaluating commonsense evaluations. Psychology, Public
Policy, and the Law, 3, 338-361.
Faimon, B., O’Neil, K. M., & Bornstein, B. H. (in press). Recovered memory at
trial: Effects of abuse type and manner of recovery. In F. Columbus’ (Ed.)
Progress in Sociology Research.
Fisher, R. P. (in press) Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychology: Forensic
interviewing. In J. Payne-James, R. Byard, T. Corey, & C. Henderson (Eds.)
Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Oxford: Elsevier Science.
Fisher, R. P. (2003). Remembering the Holocaust: Ordinary cognition for
extra-ordinary events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 877-879. [Review of R. Kraft (2002):
Memory perceived: Recalling the holocaust. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers].
Fisher, R. P. (1999). Are jurors’ perceptions of eyewitness credibility affected
by the cognitive interview? Psychology, Crime, and Law, 5, 167-176.
Fisher, R. P. (1999). Probing knowledge. In D. Gopher & A. Koriat (Eds.),
Attention and Performance: XVII (pp. 537-556). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Fisher, R. P. (1996). Implications of output-bound measures for laboratory and
field-research in memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 197.
Fisher, R. P. (1995). Interviewing victims and witnesses of crimes. Psychology,
Public Policy, & Law, 1, 732-764.
Fisher, R.P., Brennan, K.H., & McCauley, M.R. (2002). The cognitive interview
method to enhance eyewitness recall. In M. Eisen, G. Goodman, & J. Quas (Eds.)
Memory and suggestibility in the forensic interview (pp. 265-286). Mahwah, N.J.:
Erlbaum.
Fisher, R. P., & Cutler, B. L. (1995). Relation between consistency and accuracy
of eyewitness testimony. In G. M. Davies, Lloyd-Bostock, S., McMurran, M., &
Wilson, C. (Eds.), Psychology and Law: Advances in Research (pp. 21-28). Berlin:
De Gruyter.
Fisher, R. P., Falkner, K. L., Trevisan, M., & McCauley, M. R. (2000). Adapting
the cognitive interview to enhance long-term (35 years) recall of physical
activities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 180-189.
Fisher, R. P., & McCauley, M. L. (1995). Information retrieval: Interviewing
witnesses. In N. Brewer & C. Wilson (Eds.) Psychology and policing (pp. 81-89).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Fisher, R. P., & McCauley, M. L. (1995). Improving eyewitness testimony with the
cognitive interview. In M. Zaragoza, J. Graham, G. Hall, R. Hirschman, & Y. Ben
Porath (Eds.), Memory and testimony in the child witness (pp. 141-159). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fisher, R. P., Mello, E. W., & McCauley, M. R. (1999). Are jurors' perceptions
of eyewitness credibility affected by the cognitive interview? Psychology, Crime
and Law, 5, 167-176.
Fivush, R., Sales, J. M., Goldberg, A., Bahrick, L., & Parker, J. F. (2004).
Weathering the storm: Children’s long-term recall of Hurricane Andrew. Memory,
12, 104-118.
Geiselman, R. E., & Fisher, R. P. (1997). Ten years of cognitive interviewing.
In D. G. Payne & R. G. Conrad (Eds.), A synthesis of basic and applied
approaches to human memory (pp. 191-215). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gilbert, J. A. E., & Fisher, R. P. (in press).
The effects of varied retrieval cues on reminiscence in eyewitness memory.
Applied Cognitive Psychology.
Gonzales, M. H., Kovera, M. B., Sullivan, J. L., & Chanley, V. (1995). Private
reactions to public transgressions: Predictors of evaluative responses to
allegations of political misconduct. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,
21, 136 148.
Goodwin, K. A., Meissner, C. A., & Ericsson, K. A. (2001). Towards a model of
false recall: Experimental manipulation of encoding context and the collection
of verbal reports. Memory & Cognition, 29, 806-819.
Greene, E., Chopra, S., Kovera, M. B., Penrod, S. D., Rose, V. G., Schuller, R.,
& Studebaker., C. (2002). Jurors and juries: A review of the field. In J. Ogloff
(Ed.), Taking psychology and law into the 21st century. New York: Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Groscup, J., Penrod, S., Huss, M., Studebaker, C., & O'Neil, K. (2002). The
effects of Daubert on the admissibility of expert testimony in state and federal
criminal cases. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 8, 339-372.
Haw, R. M., & Fisher, R. P. (2004). The effect of administrator-witness
contact: Contact with lineup administrators may decrease eyewitness
identification accuracy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89,
1106-1112
Haw, R. M., & Kovera, M. B. (2002, May). Court considers conditions required for
voluntary police searches. APA Monitor, 33(5), 18.
Koehn, C. E., & Fisher, R. P. (1996). Constructing facial composites with the
Mac-a-Mug Pro system. Psychology, Crime & Law, 3, 215-224.
Koehn, C., Fisher, R.P., & Cutler, B.L. (1999). Using cognitive interviewing to
construct facial composites. In D. Canter & L. Alison (Eds.) Psychology and
criminal detection (pp. 41-63). Brookfield: Dartmouth.
Kovera, M. B. (2004). Psychology, law, and the workplace: An overview and
introduction to the special issue. Law and Human Behavior, 28,
1-7.
Kovera, M. B. (2002). Expert testimony. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.),
International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences, Vol. 8 (pp.
5139-5141). Oxford: Pergamon.
Kovera, M. B. (2002). Psychology and law. In K. L. Hall (Ed.), The Oxford
companion to American law (pp. 677-678). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kovera, M. B. (2002). The effects of general pretrial publicity on juror
decisions: An examination of moderators and mediating mechanisms. Law and Human
Behavior, 26, 43-72.
Kovera, M. B., & Borgida, E. (1998). Expert scientific testimony on child
witnesses in the age of Daubert. In S. J. Ceci & H. Hembrooke (Eds.), Expert
testimony in child abuse cases: What can and should be said in court (pp.
185-215). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Kovera, M. B., & Borgida, E. (1997). Expert testimony in child sexual abuse
trials: The admissibility of psychological science. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 11, S105-S129.
Kovera, M. B., & Borgida, E. (1996). Children on the witness stand: The use of
expert testimony and other procedural innovations in U.S. child sexual abuse
cases. In B. L. Bottoms & G. S. Goodman (Eds.), International perspectives on
child abuse and children's testimony: Psychological research and law (pp.
201-220). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Kovera, M. B., Borgida, E., Gresham, A. W., Swim, J., & Gray, E. (1995). Child
sexual abuse questionnaire. [On Line]. [CD-ROM]. Abstract from: CDPfile: HaPI-CD:
HaPI Item 38018.
Kovera, M. B., & Cass, S. A. (2002). Compelled mental health examinations,
liability decisions, and damage awards in sexual harassment cases: Issues for
jury research. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 8, 96-114.
Kovera, M. B., Dickinson, J., & Cutler, B. L. (2002). Voir dire and jury
selection. In A. M. Goldstein (Ed.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology,
Volume 11: Forensic psychology (pp. 161-175). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kovera, M. B., Gresham, A. W., Borgida, E., Gray, E., & Regan, P. C. (1997).
Does expert psychological testimony inform or influence juror decision-making? A
social-cognitive analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 178-191.
Kovera, M.B., & McAuliff, B.D. (2000). The effects of peer review and evidence
quality on judges evaluations of psychological science: Are judges effective
gatekeepers? Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 574- 586.
Kovera, M. B., & McAuliff, B. D. (1999). Child witnesses in custody cases: The
effects of system and estimator variables on the accuracy of their reports. In
R. Galatzer-Levy & L. Kraus (Eds.), The scientific basis of child custody
decisions. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kovera, M. B., & McAuliff, B. D. (1996, November). Same-sex cases pose legal
problems: Fourth Circuit decision appealed to Supreme Court. APA Monitor,
27,
24.
Kovera, M. B., McAuliff, B. D., & Hebert, K. S. (1999). Reasoning about
scientific evidence: The effects of juror gender and evidence quality on juror
decisions in a hostile work environment case. Journal of Applied Psychology,
84,
362-375.
Kovera, M. B., Penrod, S. D., Pappas, C., & Thill, D. L. (1997). Identification
of computer-generated facial composites. Journal of Applied Psychology,
82,
235-246.
Kovera, M. B., & Phillips, M. R. (1997). Instructions on death. APA Monitor,
28, 24
Kovera, M. B., Russano, M. B., & McAuliff, B. D. (2002). Assessment of the
commonsense psychology underlying Daubert: Legal decision makers’ abilities to
evaluate Expert Evidence in hostile work environment cases. Psychology, Public
Policy, & Law, 8, 180-200.
Kravitz, D. A., Cutler, B. L., & Brock, P. (1993). Reliability and validity of
the original and revised legal attitudes questionnaire. Law and Human Behavior,
17, 661-677.
Levett, L. M., & Kovera, M. B. (2002, December). Psychologists battle over the
general acceptance of eyewitness research. APA Monitor, 33(12), x.
McAuliff, B. D., & Kovera, M. B. (2002). The status of evidentiary and
procedural innovations in child abuse proceedings. In B.L. Bottoms, M. B. Kovera,
& B. D. McAuliff (Eds.), Children, social science, and the law (p. 412-445). New
York: Cambridge University Press.
McAuliff, B. D., & Kovera, M. B. (1999, May). Murder case may alter hearsay
rules. APA Monitor, 30(5), 44.
McAuliff, B. D., & Kovera, M. B. (1998, November). Reviewing nonscientific
expert evidence. APA Monitor, 29(10), 25.
McAuliff, B. D., & Kovera, M. B. (1997, May). Child-abuse test ruled
inadmissible. APA Monitor, 28, p. 25.
McCauley, M. R. & Fisher, R. P. (1995). Enhancing children's eyewitness
testimony with the Cognitive Interview (pp. 127-134). In G. M. Davies, S. Lloyd
Bostock, M. McMurran, & C. Wilson (Eds.) Psychology and Law: Advances in
Research. Berlin: DeGruyter.
McCauley, M. R., & Fisher, R. P. (1995). Facilitating children's recall with the
revised cognitive interview. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 510-516.
McCauley, M. & Parker, J.F. (2001). When will a child be believed? The impact of
victim's age and juror's gender on children's credibility and verdict in a child
abuse case. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25, 523-539.
Meissner, C. A. (2002). Applied aspects of the instructional bias effect in
verbal overshadowing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 911-928.
Meissner, C. A. & Brigham, J. C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the verbal
overshadowing effect in face identification. Applied Cognitive Psychology,
15,
603-616.
Meissner, C. A. & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Thirty years of investigating the
own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Psychology, Public
Policy, & Law, 7, 3-35.
Meissner, C. A., Brigham, J. C., & Kelley, C. M. (2001). The influence of
retrieval processes in verbal overshadowing. Memory & Cognition, 29, 176-186.
Meissner, C. A., Brigham, J. C., & Pfeifer, J. E. (2003). Jury nullification:
The influence of judicial instruction on the relationship between attitudes and
juridic decision-making. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 25, 243-254.
Meissner, C. A. & Kassin, S. M. (in press). “You’re guilty, so just confess!”
The influence of investigative bias and behavioral confirmation in the
interrogation room. In D. Lassiter’s (Ed.), Interrogations, confessions, and
entrapment. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Press.
Meissner, C. A. & Kassin, S. M. (2002). “He’s guilty!”: Investigator bias in
judgments of truth and deception. Law & Human Behavior, 26, 469-480.
Meissner, C. A. & Memon, A. (2002). Verbal overshadowing: A special issue
exploring theoretical and applied issues. Applied Cognitive Psychology,
16,
869-872.
Meissner, C. A. & Russano, M. B. (2003). The psychology of interrogations and
false confessions: Research and recommendations. Canadian Journal of Police &
Security Services, 1, 53-64.
Meissner, C. A., Tredoux, C. G., Parker, J. F., &
MacLin, O. H. (2005). Eyewitness decisions in simultaneous and sequential
lineups: A dual-process signal detection theory analysis. Memory & Cognition,
33, 783-792.
Mello, E. W., & Fisher, R. P. (1996). Enhancing older adult eyewitness memory
with the cognitive interview. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 403-417.
Mitchell, T. L., Haw, R. M., Pfeifer, J. E., & Meissner,
C. A. (2005). Racial bias in mock juror decision-making: A meta-analytic review
of defendant treatment. Law and Human Behavior, 29, 621-637.
Moran, G., & Cutler, B. L. (1997). Bogus publicity items and the contingency
between awareness and media induced pretrial prejudice. Law and Human Behavior,
21, 339-344.
Moran, G., Cutler, B. L., & Loftus, E. F. (1990). Jury selection in major
controlled substance trials: The need for extended voir dire. Forensic Reports,
3, 331-348.
Narby, D. J., Cutler, B. L., & Penrod, S. D. (1995). Estimator variables and
eyewitness memory. In S. Sporer, R. S. Malpass, and G. Koehnken (Eds.),
Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification (pp. 23-52). Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.
O'Neil, K. M., & Penrod, S. D. (2001). Methodological variables in Web-based
research that may affect results: Sample type, monetary incentives, and personal
information. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 33, 226-233.
O’Neil, K. M., Penrod, S. D., & Bornstein, B. H. (2003). Web-based research:
Methodological variables’ effects on dropout and sample characteristics.
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 217-226.
O’Neil, K. M., Patry, M. W., & Penrod, S. D. (2004). Exploring the effects
of attitudes toward the death penalty on capital sentencing verdicts.
Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 10, 443-470.
Parker, J. F. (in press). Identification behavior of child eyewitnesses. Invited
chapter for publication in M. P. Toglia, D. P. Peters & S. J. Ceci (Eds.),
International Research and Legal Perspectives on the Child Witness.
Parker, J.F. (1997). Child witnesses' recognition. Expert Evidence, 5, 118-119.
Parker, J. F. (1995). Age differences in source monitoring of performed and
imagined actions on immediate and delayed tests. Journal of Experimental Child
Psychology, 60, 84-101.
Parker, J. F., Bahrick, L., Fivush, R., & Johnson, P. (2006). The impact of
stress on mothers' memory of a natural disaster. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Applied
Parker, J. F., Bahrick, L., Lundy, B., Fivush, R., & Levitt, M. (1998). Memory
and stress in preschoolers. In D. Hermann, C. Thompson, D. Read, D. Bruce, & M.
Toglia (Eds.), Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Parker, J. F., & Myers, A. (2001). Attempts to improve children’s
identifications from sequential-presentation lineups. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 31, 796-815.
Penrod, S. D., & Cutler, B. L. (in press). The case against traditional
safeguards: Preventing mistaken convictions in eyewitness identification trials.
In R. Rosech & S. D. Hart (Eds.), Psychology and law: The state of the
discipline. New York: Plenum Press.
Penrod, S. D., & Cutler, B. L. (1995). Witness confidence and witness accuracy:
Assessing their forensic relationship. Psychology, Public Policy and Law,
1,
817-845.
Penrod, S. D., Fulero, S. M., & Cutler, B. L. (1995). Expert testimony on
eyewitness reliability before and after Daubert: The state of the law and
science. Behavioral Science & the Law, 13, 229-259.
Penrod, S. D., Fulero, S. M., & Cutler, B. L. (1995). Expert psychological
testimony in the United States: A new playing field? International Test
Commission, 11, 65-72.
Phillips, M., McAuliff, B.D., Kovera, M.B., & Cutler, B.L. (1999). Double-blind
lineup administrations as a safeguard against investigator bias. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 84, 940-951.
Phillips, M. R., & Kovera, M. B. (2000, November). Implications of the Boy
Scouts of America case. APA Monitor, 31(10), 77.
Phillips, M. R., & Kovera, M. B. (1997, November). Instructions on death. APA
Monitor, 28(10), 43.
Rose, S. M. (in press). Community interventions concerning homophobic violence
and partner violence against lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies.
Rose, S. M. & Mechanic, M. (2002). Psychological distress, crime features, and
help-seeking behaviors related to homophobic bias incidents, American Behavioral
Scientist, 14-26.
Russano, M., & Kovera, M. B. (2000, March). Supreme Court revisits Miranda
warnings. APA Monitor, 31(3), 77.
Russano, M. B., Meissner, C. A., Narchet,
F. M., & Kassin, S. M. (2005). Investigating true and false confessions
within a novel experimental paradigm. Psychological Science, 16,
481-486.
Schreiber, N. (2000). Interviewing techniques in sexual abuse cases--A
comparison of a day-care abuse case with normal abuse cases. Swiss Journal of
Psychology - Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie - Revue Suisse de
Psychologie, 59, 196-206.
Schreiber, N. (in press). Another piece to the child witness puzzle. [Review of the book Memory and Suggestibility in the Forensic Interview]. Applied Cognitive Psychology.
Schreiber, N., Bellah, L. D., Martinez, Y., McLaurin, K. A., Strok, R., Garven, S., & Wood, J. M. (in press). Suggestive interviewing in the McMartin Preschool and Kelly Michaels Daycare abuse cases: A case study. Social Influence.
Schreiber, N., & Parker, J. F. (2004). Inviting witnesses to speculate: Effects of age and interaction on children's recall. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 89, 31-52.
Schreiber, N., Wentura, D., & Bilsky, W. (2001). "What else could he have done?" Creating false answers in child witnesses by inviting speculation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 525-532
Schwartz, B. L., Fisher, R. P., & Hebert, K. S. (1998). The relation of output
order and commission errors in free recall and eyewitness accounts. Memory,
6,
257-275.
Schwartz, B. L., Meissner, C. A., Hoffman, M., Evans, S., & Frazier, L. D. (2004). Event memory and misinformation effects in a gorilla (Gorilla gorilla
gorilla). Animal Cognition, 7, 93-100.
Slone, A. E., Brigham, J. C., & Meissner, C. A. (2000). Social and cognitive
factors affecting the own-race bias in Whites. Basic & Applied Social
Psychology, 22, 71-84.
Sporer, S. L., Penrod, S. D., Read, J. D., & Cutler, B. L. (1995). Choosing,
confidence and accuracy: A meta-analysis of the confidence-accuracy relation in
eyewitness identification studies. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 315-327.
Stinson, V., Devenport, J. L., Cutler, B. L., & Kravitz, D. K. (1996). How
effective is the presence-of-counsel safeguard? Attorney perceptions of
suggestiveness, fairness, and correctability of biased lineup procedures.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 64-75.
Stinson, V., Devenport, J. L., Cutler, B. L., & Kravitz, D. K. (1997). How
effective is the motion-to-suppress safeguard? Judges’ perceptions of the
suggestiveness and fairness of biased lineup procedures. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 82, 211-220.
Vrij, A., Fisher, R., Mann, S., & Leal, S. (in press). Detecting deception by manipulating cognitive load. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
Vrij, A., Mann, S., & Fisher, R. P. (in press). An
empirical test of the behaviour analysis interview. Law and Human Behavior.
Wells, G. L., Lindsay, R.C.L., Turtle, J. W., Malpass, R.S., Fisher, R.P., &
Fulero, S.M. (2000). From the lab to the police station: A successful
application of eyewitness research. American Psychologist, 55, 581-598
West, C., & Rose, S. (2000). Dating aggression among African Americans: An
examination of gender differences and adversarial beliefs. Violence Against
Women, 6, 470-494.
Last Updated April, 2005