Lecture 11-14 Outline

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NOTE: SEE THE "FOR REVIEW" (pg. 842) SECTION FOR IMPORTANT CONCEPTS THAT YOU SHOULD KNOW GOING INTO THIS MATERIAL--THEY WILL BE ON THE TEST.

OBJECTIVES

 

 

  1. Compare and contrast the Parazoa and Eumetazoa in terms of evolution, complexity, symmetry and organization of embryonic cell layers
  2. Describe the hypothetical ancestor of the animal kingdom and indicate the current living organism that it most closely resembles.
  3. Understand the general organization and biology of a sponge, including reproduction and metabolism.
  4. Understand how the body plan of a cnidarian differs from most other animals.
  5. Describe the digestive system of a cnidarian and indicate how it is an evolutionary advancement from that of a sponge.
  6. Know the general biology of the Porifera and the Cnidaria
  7. Understand the general organization of the phylum Platyhelminthes and how their various organ systems compare to those of the other "lower" invertebrates.
  8. Explain the structural and physiological changes that occur in parasitic organisms using the flatworms as examples.
  9. Understand the general organization of the phylum Nematoda and compare their systems to those of the acoelomate invertebrates.


Chapter Outline 

THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS

		Divided into Two Subkingdoms	
			
		Comparison of Parazoa and Eumetazoa  fig 39.1

		
PHYLUM PORIFERA: THE SPONGES

		General Biology of Sponges
			
		The Choanocyte	fig 39.4
			
		Reproduction in Sponges
			

PHYLUM CNIDARIA: THE CNIDARIANS

		General Biology of Phylum Cnidaria
			
		Classes of Cnidarians
			Class Hydrozoa
			Class Scyphozoa:  jellyfish 	fig 39.4b
			Class Anthozoa:  sea anemones and corals 	fig 39.4c
				

PHYLUM CTENOPHORA:  THE COMB JELLIES

		Relationship to Cnidarians
	
		General Biology of the Ctenophorans	fig 39.8

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BILATERAL SYMMETRY

		Comparison of Bilateral Symmetry to Radial Symmetry	fig 39.9
			
		Body Plans of Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals	fig 39.10
			Acoelomate:
			Pseudocoelomate:  
Coelomate:  
			Examples
				

ACOELOMATES:  THE SOLID WORMS	fig 39.10

		Phylum Platyhelminthes:  The Flatworms 	fig 39.11
			General biology
				
	 		Organ systems of flatworms	fig 39.12
									
			Class Turbellaria:  the turbellarians
				
			Class Trematoda:  the flukes
		
			Class Cestoda:  tapeworms
				
		Phylum Rhynchocoela:  The Ribbon Worms	fig 39.15
			

A Body Cavity

		Pseudocoelomate Animals	fig 39.10
			
		Phylum Nematoda:  Nematodes 
			
			General biology of nematodes
				
		Many Nematodes Parasitize Humans
			
		Phylum Rotifera:  Rotifers 	fig 39.19

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