Cardiovascular Disease

Fox EA, Boylan LM, Shields CE, Wallerich CS. Influence of dietary factors on plasma cholesterol values in free living elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 1990;90(suppl):A-97. Abstract.

Gale CR, Ashurst HE, Powers HJ, Martyn CN. Antioxidant vitamin status and carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:402-8.

Gans KM, Lasater TM, Linnan L, Lapane K, Carleton RA. A cholesterol screening and education program: Differences between older and younger adults. J Nutr Educ. 1990;22:276-283.

Goldman A, Wylie-Rosett J, Swencionis C, Dornelas E. The effect of dietary changes and intentional weight loss on high density cholesterol levels in older adults. J Nutr Elder. 1993;12:1-14.

Grundy SM. The role of cholesterol management in coronary disease risk reduction in elderly patients. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27:655-675.

Gryglewska B, Grodzicki T, Kocemba J. Obesity and blood pressure in the elderly free-living population. J Hum Hypertens.1998;12:645-647.

Harris TB, Savage PJ, Tell GS, Haan M, Kumanyika S, Lynch JC. Carrying the burden of cardiovascular risk in old age: associations of weight and weight change with prevalent cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and health status in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:837-844.

Hornstra G. Influence of dietary fat type on arterial thrombosis tendency. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):160-166.

Hu FB, Stamfer MJ, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Spiegelman D, Speizer FE, Sacks FM, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. JAMA. 1999;281:1387-1394.

Jacobs DR, Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of ischemic heart death in postmenopausal women: The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:248-257.

Kendall MJ. Hypertension in the elderly. Basic Res Cardiol. 1998;93(suppl 2):43-46.

Kon K, S Ando, Waki H, Yukawa H, Shibata H. Correlation of dietary food intakes and serum lipid fatty acids in urban senior citizens. J Nutr Health Aging. 1999;3:34-41.

Krauss RM, Eckel RH, Howard B, Appel LJ, Daniels SR, Deckelbaum RJ, Erdman JW, Kris-Etherton P, Goldberg IJ, Kotchen TA, Lichtenstein AH, Mitch WE, Mullis R, Robinson K, Wylie-Rosett J, St. Jeor S, Suttie J,Tribble DL, Bazzarre TL. AHA dietary guidelines: Revision 2000: A statement for healthcare professionals form the nutriton committe of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2000;102:2284-2299.

Kromhout D. Diet and cardiovascular diseases. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):144-149

Kromhout D, Feskens EJ, Bowles CH. The protective effect of a small amount of fish on coronary heart disease mortality in an elderly population. Int J Epidemiol. 1995;24:340-345.

Lanzmann-Petithory D. Alpha-linolenic acid and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):179-183.

LaRosa JC. Triglycerides and coronary risk in women and the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:961-968.

Leaf A. Diet and sudden cardiac death. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):173-178.

Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, Allen AS, Liang HC, Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Garry PJ. Alcohol consumption is negatively associated with the prevalence of coronary heart disease in the New Mexico Elder Health Survey. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:396-401.

Liu S, Manson J, Stampfer M, Hu F, Giovannucci E, Colditz G, Hennekens C, Willett W. Whole grain consumption and risk of ischemic stroke in women: A prospective study. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1409-1415.

Losonczy KG, Harris TB, Havlik RJ. Vitamin E supplementation use and risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in older persons: the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64:190-196.

Mariotti F, Huneau JF, Tome D. Dietary protein and cardiovascular risk. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):200-204.

Mayeda C, Anderson J. Evaluating the effectiveness of the "Self-CARE for a Healthy Heart" program with older adults. J Nutr Elder. 1993;13(2):11-22.

Mendes de Leon CF, Krumholz HM, Seeman TS, Vaccarino V, Williams CS, Kasl SV, Berkman LF. Depression and risk of coronary heart disease in elderly men and women: New Haven EPESE, 1982-1991. Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2341-2348.

Millen BE, Quatromoni PA. Nutritional research within the Framingham Heart Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):139-143.

Moran MB, Reed E. Are congregate meals meeting client's needs for "Heart Healthy" menus? J Nutr Elder.1993;13:3-10.

Report: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Cholesterol Education Program. Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).

National Institute of Health. Press release. NCEP ISSUES MAJOR NEW CHOLESTEROL GUIDELINES (5/15/01)

Nestel PJ, Clifton PM, Noakes M, McArthur R, Howe PR. Enhanced blood pressure response to dietary salt in elderly women, especially those with small waist:hip ratio. J Hypertens. 1993;11:1387-1394.

Obarzanek E, Sacks FM, Vollmer WM, Bray GA, Miller ER, Lin PH, Karanja NM, Most-Windhauser MM, Moore TJ, Swain JF, Bales CW, Poschan MA. Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:80-9.

Oomen CM, Ocke MC, Feskens EJ, Kok FJ, Kromhout D. Alpha-Linolenic acid intake is not beneficially associated with 10-y risk of coronary artery disease incidence: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(4):457-63.

Pacala JT, McBride PE, Gray SL. Management of older adults with hypercholesterolemia. Drugs Aging. 1994;4:366-378.

Pietinen P, Lahti-Koski M, Vartiainen E, Puska P. Nutrition and cardiovascular disease in Finland since the early 1970s; A success story. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):150-154.

Pinsky JL, Jette AM, Branch LG, Kannel WB, Feinleib M. The Framingham Disability Study: Relationship of various coronary heart disease manifestations to disability in older persons living in the community. Am J Public Health. 1990;80:1363-1367.

Puisieux F, Boumbar Y, Bulckaen H, Bonnin E, Houssin F, Dewailly P. Intraindividual variability in orthostatic blood pressure changes among older adults: the influence of meals. J Am Geriatric Soc. 1999;47:1332-133 6.

Renaud SC. Diet and Stroke. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5(3):167-172.

Rich MW. Heart failure in the 21st century: A cardiogeriatric syndrome. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56A(2):M88-96.

Rigaud AS, Forette B. Hypertension in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56A(4):M217-225.

Sadd KG, Gohlke EM, Johnson CM, Orringer CE. Subjective responses of elderly women to a cholesterol lowering diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 1990;90(suppl):A-41. Abstract.

Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S, Contois JH, Li Z, Goldin BR, Rasmussen H, McNamara JR, Ordovas JM. Effects of National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets relatively high or relatively low in fish-derived fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63:234-241.

Stevens J, Gautam SP, Keil JE. Body mass index and fat patterning as correlates of lipids and hypertension in an elderly, biracial population. J Gerontol. 1993;48:M249-M254.

Visser M, Langlois J, Guralnik JM, Cauley JA, Kronmal RA, Robbins J, Williamson JD, Harris TB. High body fatness, but not low fat-free mass, predicts disability in older men and women: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:584-590

Wangen KE, Duncan AM, Xu X, Kurzer MS. Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:225-31.

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Zemel MB. Dietary pattern and hypertension. The DASH study. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. Nutr Rev. 1997;55:303-305.

Resources

2004

Age at natural menopause is not related to stroke mortality. For consumers and professionals. This website's latest "Stroke Update" discusses a recent study; Inspire: Stroke Continuing Medical Education Initiative 2004.

Community Kit. For professionals, this kit includes information and tools to plan and implement National High Blood Pressure Education Month activities. NHLBI Health Information Center. (301) 592-8573.

Guidelines for preventing high blood pressure. For consumers; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

High Blood Pressure Information Slide Shows. For professionals, this slide set includes 4 high blood pressure information update. NHLBI Health Information Center. (301) 592-8573.

New Hypertension Guidelines Quick Reference Card. For professionals, this laminated card includes at-a-glance versions of essential JNC 7 evaluation changes, new treatment algorithm, and compelling indications for individual drug classes. NHLBI Health Information Center. (301) 592-8573.

2003

Keep the Beat: Heart Healthy Recipes. For consumers, this book contains 145 pages of tempting heart healthy, taste-tested recipes. NHLB. (301) 592-8573.

2002 and earlier

A Call to Action (2002). For professionals and consumers, The "call to action" served to launch a major new heart attack education campaign, "Act in Time to Heart Attack Signs". Goals include: 1) Teach people how to recognize common heart attack warning signs. 2) Emphasize the need to call 9-1-1 within 5 minutes of a suspected heart attack. 3) Help people create a heart attack survival plan. Resources for professionals & consumers include: brochures (in English & Spanish), poster, wallet card, video, and other cardiovascular information. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (301) 496-4236.

Aim for a Healthy Weight. For professionals and consumers, this is a section from the NHLBI website, which includes information and tools such as body mass index calculator, online personalized menu planner, clinical guidelines evidence report, executive summary of the guidelines and much more. Also includes slide show for professional presentations use.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (301) 592-8573.

B Vitamins and Heart Disease Prevention (2002). For consumers, this handout explains how B vitamins can help prevent heart disease. Sections include: How to get enough B vitamins, Facts about B vitamins and Where are they? Food sources are given for folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6. foodandhealth.com

Cardiovascular Nutrition: Strategies and Tools for Disease Management and Prevention (1998). For professionals, this book covers evaluation techniques, treatment goals, and management strategies for dyslipidemia and hypertension, and effective strategies and practical tools for assessing and managing patients at risk for heart disease as well as case studies and specific recommendations for improving patient adherence. The needs of special populations, including older adults, are addressed (ADA # 159X). American Dietetic Association.
(800) 877-1600 ext. 5000

Healthy Heart IQ quiz. For professionals and consumers, this quiz is a great waiting room resource, and a good discussion starter, too! The 1-page true-false quiz "tests" your patients' knowledge of heart disease and its risk factors. The answers and explanations on the back provide info on cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g. smoking, and overweight) and how controlling them can reduce risk. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (301) 592-8573.

Heart Bingo Game (2000). For professionals and consumers, this game is a fun way to teach clients about diet and heart disease. It is perfect in weight loss programs, cardiac rehab, wellness classes, low-income populations, families, and diabetes management. Heart Bingo encourages the audience to participate and promotes further discussion. The game includes: 30-copy ready score sheets, 50 Q & A cards with teaching tips, Q & A reference sheets, overheads, handouts, and bonus quiz. Food and Health Communications. (800) 462-2352.

Hyperlipidemia Medical Nutrition Therapy Protocol (2001). For professionals, this ADA MNT Evidence Based Guide for Practice is available on CD-ROM*. The guide includes the latest recommendations Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III, or ATP III). American Dietetic Association. (800) 877-1600, ext. 5000

Improving Cardiovascular Health in African Americans Package of 7 Easy-To-Read Booklets (1997). For consumers, this booklet provides specific information on improving heart health and identifies steps to promote healthy lifestyles among African Americans. Topics include cholesterol number, lower cholesterol, prevent hypertension, eat less salt, lose weight, physical activity, and stop smoking. NIH Publication # 55-832. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Information Center. (301) 592-8573.

JNC VI Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (1997). For professionals, this tool
is designed to help clinicians stratify hypertension patients by blood pressure stage and cardiovascular risks and determine goal blood pressure and specific treatment, as recommended in the new clinical practice guidelines. NIH Publication # 55-888. NHLBI Information Center.
(301) 592-8573.

Live Healthy America. For professionals, this booklet provides 4 topics include "Eating Right," heart healthy recipes; "Cholesterol Reduction," menu plan featuring foods high in starch and fiber; "Hypertension," information on antihypertensive treatment programs and dietary recommendations; and "Living Fit," a discussion of improving heart health through diet and exercise. A single set of 4 will be sent if requested on professional letterhead.
Mazola Live Healthy America.
Dept. ADA93
PO Box 307
Coventry, CT 06238

National Cholesterol Education Month Training Kit (September 2001). For professionals and consumers, this web-based kit contains a variety of materials and tools that will assist you in bringing the latest information on cholesterol lowering into your community, program, or practice. The theme for the first Cholesterol Month of the new millennium is, "Know your cholesterol numbers, know your risk." This theme highlights two of the main thrusts of the newest cholesterol guidelines, clearly emphasizing the importance of having your cholesterol measured and knowing your risk of developing heart disease. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (301) 592-8573.

NHLBI publishes new heart healthy recipe book, "Keep the Beat" which includes recipes grew out of research and education projects supported by NHLBI, such as Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Stay Young at Heart. These programs addressed ways to help Americans reduce intake of calories, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium.

Recovering from Heart Problems Through Cardiac Rehabilitation. For professionals and consumers, focuses on supervised programs of exercise, low-fat diets, and healthy habits that are based on heart rehabilitation guidelines from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
(800) 358-9295.

Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (2000). For professionals, this guidelines contain important information for primary care clinicians concerning high blood pressure prevention and control. Stresses lifestyle modification to prevent high blood pressure and focuses on stratifying patients according to blood pressure stage and cardiovascular risk to guide treatment decisions. Includes a revised treatment algorithm, medication charts, and other convenient references to aid the clinician. NIH Publication # 98-4080. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (301) 592-8573.

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (5/2003). For professionals and consumers, these guidelines focus on practical applications of the new evidence, including a revised treatment algorithm, drug tables, and convenient references. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. (301) 592-8573.

The Practical Guide to the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (2001). For professionals, this guide was developed cooperatively by the North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). It is based on the Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report developed by the NHLBI Expert Panel and released in June 1998. The Expert Panel used an evidence-based methodology to develop key recommendations for assessing and treating overweight and obese patients. The goal of the Practical Guide is to provide the tools you need to effectively manage your overweight and obese adult patients. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (301) 592-8573.

Why Tofu? For consumers, this Video with booklet covers new research about soy's effects on cancer and heart disease. Morinaga Nutritional Foods, Inc. (310) 787-0200.

Web Links

American Heart Association <www.americanheart.org>

Congenital Heart Information Network (C.H.I.N) <www.tchin.org>

DASH Oregon <www.oregondairycouncil.org/dash/>

Heartinfo <http://heartinfo.org/>

Mayo Clinic Online Resources <www.AmericanExpress.MayoClinic.com>

The National Coalition for Stroke and Heart Disease Prevention <http://www.strokeheartcoalition.org/>

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Last Updated: 09/17/2004