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SELECTED
DEFINITIONS
FROM
THE OLDER AMERICANS ACT OF 2000 (Sec. 102)
The following definitions are selected terms that
relate to the Older Americans Act (OAA) Nutrition Program. These
definitions are listed verbatim and in the order they appear in
Title I of the OAA.
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Assistive
Technology
(10) The term "assistive technology" means technology, engineering
methodologies, or scientific principles appropriate to meet the needs
of, and address the barriers confronted by, older individuals with functional
limitations.
Information
and referral
(11) The term "information and referral" includes information
relating to assistive technology.
Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion Services
(12) The term "disease prevention and health promotion services"
means--
(A) health risk assessments;
(B) routine health screening, which may include hypertension, glaucoma,
cholesterol, cancer, vision, hearing, diabetes, bone density, and nutrition
screening;
(C) nutritional counseling and educational services for individuals and
their primary caregivers;
(D) health promotion programs, including but not limited to programs relating
to prevention and reduction of effects of chronic disabling conditions
(including osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease), alcohol and substance
abuse reduction, smoking cessation, weight loss and control, and stress
management;
(E) programs regarding physical fitness, group exercise, and music therapy,
art therapy, and dance-movement therapy, including programs for multigenerational
participation that are provided by--
(i) an institution of higher education;
(ii) a local educational agency, as defined in section 14101 of the Elementary
and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8801); or
(iii) a community-based organization;
(F) home injury control services, including screening of high-risk home
environments and provision of educational programs on injury prevention
(including fall and fracture prevention) in the home environment;
(G) screening for the prevention of depression, coordination of community
mental health services, provision of educational activities, and referral
to psychiatric and psychological services;
(H) educational programs on the availability, benefits, and appropriate
use of preventive health services covered under title XVIII of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.);
(I) medication management screening and education to prevent incorrect
medication and adverse drug reactions;
(J) information concerning diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation
concerning age-related diseases and chronic disabling conditions, including
osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease
and related disorders with neurological and organic brain dysfunction;
(K) gerontological counseling; and
(L) counseling regarding social services and follow-up health services
based on any of the services described in subparagraphs (A) through (K).
The term shall not include services for which payment may be made under
titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.,
1396 et seq.).';
Aging
network
(14)
The term "aging network" means the network of - (A) State agencies,
area agencies on aging, title VI grantees, and the Administration; and
(B) Organizations that (i) are providers of direct services to older individuals;
or (ii) are institutions of higher education; and (iii) receive funding
under this Act.
Area agency
on aging
(17)
The term "area agency on aging" means an area agency on aging
designated under section 305(a)(2)(A) or a State agency performing the
functions of an area agency on aging under section 305(b)(5).
Case management
(21)
The term "case management service"-
(A) means a service provided to an older individual, at the direction
of the older individual or family member of the individual-
(i) by an individual who is trained or experienced in the case management
skills that are required to deliver the services and coordination described
in subparagraph (B); and
(ii) to assess the needs, and to arrange, coordinate, and monitor an optimum
package of services to meet the needs, of the older individual; and
(B) includes services and coordination such as-
(i) comprehensive assessment of the older individual (including the physical,
psychological, and social needs of the individual);
(ii) development and implementation of a service plan with the older individual
to mobilize the formal and informal resources and services identified
in the assessment to meet the needs of the older individual, including
coordination of the resources and services-
(I) with any other plans that exist for various formal services, such
as hospital discharge plans; and
(II) with the information and assistance services provided under this
Act;
(iii) coordination and monitoring of formal and informal service delivery,
including, coordination and monitoring to ensure that services specified
in the plan are being provided;
(iv) periodic reassessment and revision of the status of the older individual
with-
(I) the older individual; or
(II) if necessary, a primary caregiver or family member of the older individual;
and (v) in accordance with the wishes of the older individual, advocacy
on behalf of the older individual for needed services or resources.
Frail
(26)
The term "frail" means, with respect to an older individual
in a State, that the older individual is determined to be functionally
impaired because the individual -
(A) (i) is unable to perform at least two activities of daily living without
substantial human assistance, including verbal reminding, physical cueing,
or supervision; or (ii) at the option of the State, is unable to perform
at least three such activities without such assistance; or
(B) due to a cognitive or other mental impairment, requires substantial
supervision because the individual behaves in a manner that poses a serious
health or safety hazard to the individual or to another individual.
Greatest
economic need
(27)
The term "greatest economic need" means the need resulting from
an income level at or below the poverty line.
Greatest
social need
(28)
The term "greatest social need" means the need caused by non-economic
factors, which include -
(A) physical and mental disabilities;
(B) language barriers; and
(C) cultural, social, or geographical isolation, including isolation caused
by racial or ethnic status, that-
(i) restricts the ability of an individual to perform normal daily tasks;
or
(ii) threatens the capacity of the individual to live independently.
Information
and assistance
(29)
The term "information and assistance service" means a service
for older individuals that-
(A) provides the individual with current information on opportunities
and services available to the individuals within their communities, including
information relating to assistive technology;
(B) assesses the problems and capacities of the individuals;
(C) links the individuals to the opportunities and services that are available;
(D) to the maximum extent practicable, ensures that the individuals receive
the services needed by the individuals, and are aware of the opportunities
available to the individuals, by establishing adequate follow-up procedures;
and
(E) serves the entire community of older individuals, particularly -
(i) older individuals with greatest social need; and
(ii) older individuals with greatest economic need.
Multipurpose
senior center
(33)
The term "multipurpose senior center" means a community facility
for the organization and provision of a broad spectrum of services, which
shall include provision of health (including mental health), social, nutritional,
and educational services and the provision of facilities for recreational
activities for older individuals.
Older
individual
(35)
The term "older individual" means an individual who is 60 years
of age or older.
Planning
and service area
(37)
The term "planning and service area" means an area designated
by a State agency under section 305(a)(1) (E), including a single planning
and service area described in section 305(b)(5)(A).
Administration
on Aging (AoA)
The Older Americans Act (OAA) established the AoA under the U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services. AoA is the federal focal point and advocacy
agency for older persons, as mandated by the OAA, and administers most
OAA programs at the federal level. These programs provide assistance to
older persons and their caregivers, as well as critical support services,
such as nutrition and transportation, for older persons at risk of being
prematurely or unnecessarily institutionalized.
State
Units on Aging
AoA awards funds for Title III to the 57 State Agencies on Aging which
are located in every State and Territory. Program funding is allocated
to each State Agency on Aging, based on the number of older persons in
the State, to plan, develop, and coordinate systems of supportive in-home
and community-based services. Most States are divided into Planning and
Service Areas (PSAs) so that programs can be effectively developed and
targeted to meet the unique needs of older adults residing in that area.
States establish planning and service areas of the State (AAAs) or designate
a State to be a single planning and service area .
Area Agencies
on Aging
Nationwide some 655 Area Agencies on Aging (AAA) receive funds from
their respective State Agencies on Aging to plan, develop, coordinate
and arrange for services in each PSA. In rural areas, an AAA may serve
the needs of older adults living in a number of counties, while other
AAA's serve the elderly living in a single city. AAA's contract with public
or private groups to provide services. There are some 27,000 service provider
agencies nationwide. In some cases, the AAA may act as the service provider,
if no local contractor is available. There are approximately 4000 nutrition
service providers in the country.
Adult
Day Care/Adult Day Health
Provision
of personal care for dependent adults in a supervised, protective, congregate
setting during some portion of a twenty-four hour day. Services offered
in conjunction of adult day care/adult day health typically include social
and recreational activities, training, counseling, meals for adult day
care and services such as rehabilitation, medications assistance and home
health aide services for adult day health.
Assisted
Transportation
Provision
of assistance, including escort, to a person who has difficulties (physical
or cognitive) using regular vehicular transportation.
Congregate
Meals
Provision,
to an eligible client or other eligible participant at a nutrition site,
senior center or some other congregate setting.
Home Delivered
Meals
Provision,
to an eligible client or other eligible participant at the client's place
of residence.
Native
Americans
Grants for Native Americans are provided under Title VI of the Older
Americans Act. It is the purpose of this title to promote the delivery
of supportive services, including nutrition services to American Indians,
Alaskan Natives, and Native Hawaiians that are comparable to services
provided under Title III. A tribal organization of an Indian tribe is
eligible for assistance if (1) the tribal organization represents at least
50 individuals who are 60 years of age or older; and (2) the tribal organization
demonstrates the ability to deliver supportive services, including nutrition
services. The terms "Indian Tribe" and "tribal organization"
have the same meaning.
Nutrition
Counseling
Provision
of individualized advice and guidance to individuals, who are at nutritional
risk, because of their health or nutritional history, dietary intake,
medications use or chronic illnesses, about options and methods for improving
their nutritional status, performed by a health professional in accordance
with state law and policy.
Nutrition
Education
A
program to promote better health by providing accurate and culturally
sensitive nutrition, physical fitness, or health (as it relates to nutrition)
information and instruction to participants or participants and caregivers
in a group or individual setting overseen by a dietitian or individual
of comparable expertise. [Note: this is the only service of the 14 listed
services in the SPR where the unit measure (one session) refers to either
an individual or group service. In this case, for example, a group of
people attending a session on nutrition issues for the elderly would count
as one unit of "Nutrition Education".
The
Nutrition Services Incentive Program (NSIP)
NSIP is the new name for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
cash or commodity program, known as the Nutrition Program for the Elderly
(NPE). The NPE is administered by the Administration on Aging (AoA), but
receives commodity foods and financial support from USDA's Food and Nutrition
Service (FNS). The program is funded through an appropriation to USDA
and administered by the FNS. For additional information, refer to AoA's
website, Nutrition
Frequently Asked Questions, #36, What is the Nutrition Services Incentive
Program?
Registered
Dietitian / Diet Technician / Licensed Dietitian
Registered
Dietitians
(RDs) are food and nutrition experts who have met the following criteria
to earn the RD credential:
Some RDs
hold additional certifications in specialized areas of practice, such
as pediatric or renal nutrition, nutrition support, and diabetes education.
These certifications are awarded through CDR, the credentialing agency
for ADA, and/or other medical and nutrition organizations and are recognized
within the profession, but are not required. In addition to RD credentialing,
many states have regulatory laws for dietitians and nutrition practitioners.
Frequently these state requirements are met through the same education
and training required to become an RD. The ADA provides a number of resources
concerning State
Professional Regulation.
Registered
Dietetic Technicians (DTRs) are trained in food and nutrition and
are an integral part of health care and foodservice management teams.
DTRs have met the following criteria to earn the DTR credential:
- Complete
at least a two-year associate's degree at a US regionally accredited
college or university.
- Complete
a dietetic technician program approved by the Commission on Accreditation
for Dietetics Education (CADE) of the American Dietetic Association
(ADA), including 450 hours of supervised practice experience in various
community programs, health care, and food-service facilities.
- Pass a
national, written examination administered by the Commission on Dietetic
Registration (CDR).
- Complete
continuing professional educational requirements to maintain registration.
Rural
Any
area that is not defined as urban. Urban areas comprise (1) urbanized
areas (a central place and its adjacent densely settled territories with
a combined minimum population of 50,000) and (2) an incorporated place
or a census designated place with 20,000 or more inhabitants.
Transportation
Provision
of a means of going from one location to another. Does not include any
other activity.
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Additional
resources concerning the Administration on Aging, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, and OAA Aging Network Organizations
are available at http://www.fiu.edu/%7Enutreldr/Aging_Network/aging_network.htm
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