December 1198 (I)
(1) 1. Ugolino dei conti di Segni. (1)
(2) 2. Gérard, O.Cist., abbot of Pontigny, France. + ca. 1200.

(1) Elected Pope Gregory IX on March 19, 1227. Died on August 22, 1241.

December 1200 (II)
(3) 1. Benedetto. + Shortly after July 18, 1216.
(4) 2. Leone Brancaleone, C.R.S.F. + Ca. August 25, 1230.
(5) 3. Matteo. + Shortly after May 30, 1205 or at the beginning of 1206.
(6) 4. Giovanni dei conti di Segni. + June 14, 1213.
(7) 5. Gregorio, bishop of Sabina. + 1216.

December 1202 (III)
(8) 1. Roger. + 1213.
(9) 2. Gualterio. + ca. 1205.
(10) 3. Raoul de Neuville, archdeacon of Arras. + March 26, 1221.

1205 (IV)
(11) 1. Nicola de Romanis. + At the end of 1219.
(12) 2. Guido Pierleone, canon of the cathedral chapter of Piacenza. + April 25, 1228.
(13) 3. Pietro di Morra. + ca. 1206.
(14) 4. Uberto da Pirovano. + March 13, 1211.
(15) 5. Giovanni da Ferentino. + 1216.
(16) 6. Guala Bicchieri, C.R.S.P., former bishop of Vercelli. + Shortly after June 30, 1227.
(17) 7. Ottaviano dei conti di Segni. + Shortly after July 1231.
(18) 8. Gregorio Crescenzi, C.R.S.R. + After May 9, 1226 or in 1230.
(19) 9. Giovanni. + Shortly after January 18, 1217.
(20) 10. Paio Galvão, O.S.B. + January 30, 1230.
(21) 11. Stephen Langton. + July 6/9, 1228.
(22) 12. Pietro Sasso. + Towards the end of 1219.

1206 (V)
(23) 1. Siegfried von Eppstein, archbishop of Mainz, Germany. + September 9, 1230.

1207 (VI)
(24) 1. Pietro, O.S.B.Cas. + 1210/1211.
(25) 2. Mauro, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + 1225.

1211 (VII)
(26) 1. Gerardo Sessa, O.Cist, archbishop of Milan. + Shortly after April 22, 1212.

February 18, 1212 (VIII)
(27) 1. Angelo. + Shortly after April 21, 1214.
(28) 2. Giovanni Colonna. + Shortly after April 17, 1244.
(29) 3. Pierre Duacensis. + Before April 1221.
(30) 4. Bertrando. + After the election of Pope Honorius III in July 1216.
(31) 5. Stefano di Ceccano, O.Cist., abbot of the monastery of Fossanova. + November 23, 1227.
(32) 6. Robert Curzon, canon of the cathedral chapter of Paris. + February 6, 1219.

1213 (IX)
(33) 1. Rainiero, C.R.S.M. + June 18, 1217 or 1221.
(34) 2. Giovanni Domenico Trinci. + 1219 (?)

1216 (X)
(35) 1. Gregorio Theodoli. + 1227.
(36) 2. Raniero Capocci, O.Cist., abbot of the monastery of Tre Fontane, Rome. + Before June 22, 1250.
(37) 3. Romano Bonaventura. + Before May 1243.
(38) 4. Stefano de Normandis dei Conti. + December 8, 1254.
(39) 5. Tommaso da Capua, archbishop of Naples. + August 22, 1243.
(40) 6. Pietro Campano, O.S.B.Cas. + 1217.
(41) 7. Aldobrandino Caetani. + January 11, 1223.

December 1216 (I)
(1) 1. Gil Torres. + November 5 or 11, 1254.
(2) 2. Bertrando Savelli. + February 9,1223 (or 1222).
(3) 3. Niccolò. + Before 1227.

January 8, 1219 (II)
(4) 1. Konrad von Urach, O.Cist., bishop of Porto e S. Rufina. + September 30, 1227. (1).

(1) The Cistercians venerate him as a blessed and celebrate his feast on September 30.

October, November or December 1219 (III)
(5) 1. Pietro Capuano, minor, patriarch elect of Antioch. + March 21/23, 1242.

1219 (IV)
(6) 1. Niccolò de Chiaramonte, O.Cist., bishop of Frascati. + September 25, 1227.

1221 (V)
(7) 1. Leone. + Before 1228.
(8) 2. Roberto Rainaldi. + ?

September 28, 1225 (VI)
(9) 1. Oliver von Paderborn, bishop of Paderborn, Germany. + September 11, 1227.

Note. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1929. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1929, p. 116, in ""Notes éliminatoires", says that several authors add the following names to the cardinals created by Pope Honorius III: Pietro (confused with Pietro Caputo, minor, created cardinal by Pope Honorius III in 1219); Rainiero (confused with Rainiero Capocci, O.Cist, created cardinal by Pope Innocent III in 1216); Tommaso (confused with Tommaso da Capua, created cardinal by Pope Innocent III in 1216); and Egidio (confused with Gil Torres, created cardinal by Pope Honorius III in 1216). Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S.R.E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 55-64, says that Pope Honorius III also created the following cardinals: Giovanni Colonna (actually created by Pope Innocent III in 1212); Barthélemy di S. Pudenziana (actually created cardinal by Pope Gregory IX in 1227); and Pietro Romano (confused with Pietro Caputo, minor, created cardinal by Pope Honorius III in 1219).

September 18, 1227 (I)
(1) 1. Jean Halgrin, O.S.B.Clun., patriarch of Constantinople. + September 28, 1238.
(2) 2. Goffredo Castiglioni. (1)
(3) 3. Rinaldo Conti di Segni. (2)
(4) 4. Sinibaldo Fieschi. (3)
(5) 5. Barthélemy, bishop elect of Chálons-sur-Marne, France. + March 15, 1231.
(6) 6. Oddone de Monferrato, papal chaplain. + Between the end of 1250 and the beginning of 1251.

(1) Elected Pope Celestine IV on October 25, 1241. Died on November 10, 1241.
(2) Elected Pope Alexander IV on December 12, 1254. Died on May 25, 1261.
(3) Elected Pope Innocent IV on June 25, 1243. Died on December 7, 1254.

December 1228 (II)
(7) 1. Jacques de Vitry, C.R.S.A., bishop of Acre, Syria. + May 1, 1240.
(8) 2. Niccolò Conti di Segni. + 1239.

September 1231 (III)
(9) 1. Giacomo da Pecorara, O.Cist. + June 25, 1244.
(10) 2. Simon de Sully. + August 9, 1232. (1)
(11) 3. Raymond de Pons. + ca. 1232.

1237 (IV)
(12) 1. Riccardo Annibaldi. + September 4, 1276.
(13). 2 François Cassard. + August 7, 1237.
(14). 3 Guy. + ca. 1239.

1239 (V)
(15) 1. Robert Somercotes. + September 26, 1241.
(16) 2. Ramón Nonato, O. de M. + August 26, 1240. (1)

(1) Canonized by Pope Benedict XIII; his feast was ordered by Pope Urban VIII on May 9, 1626; his eulogy was included in the Roman Martyrology by Pope Alexander VII on August 7, 1657; it was extended to the entire Church by Pope Clement IX on August 13, 1669; Pope Innocent XI decreed on March 10, 1681 that his feast be celebrated on August 31.

Pope Celestine IV was elected on October 25, 1241 and died on November 10, 1241. He did not create any cardinals.

May 28, 1244 (I)
(1) 1. Pierre de Colmieu, archbishop of Rouen, France. + May 25, 1253.
(2) 2. Guglielmo di Modena, O.Carth., former bishop of Modena. + March 31, 1251.
(3) 3. Eudes de Châteauroux, chancellor of the cathedral chapter of Paris. + January 25, 1273.
(4) 4. Pierre de Bar, dean of Bar Sur-Aube. + Between June 19, 1252 and March 23, 1253.
(5) 5. Guillaume de Talliante, O.S.B.Clun., abbot of the monastery of San Facundo, León, Spain. + After August 9, 1250.
(6) 6. John of Toledo, O.Cist., master in theology. + July 13, 1275.
(7) 7. Hugues de Saint-Cher, O.P. + March 19 (or 24), 1263.
(8) 8. Goffredo da Trani. + Between April 3 and June 6, 1245.
(9) 9. Ottaviano Ubaldini, procurator of the diocese of Bologna. + Between March 5 and 13, 1273.
(10) 10. Pietro Capocci, Roman noble. + May 19/21, 1259.
(11) 11. Giovanni Gaetano Orsini. (1)
(12) 12. Guglielmo Fieschi. + Before May 1, 1256.

(1) Elected Pope Nicholas III on November 25, 1277. Died on August 22, 1280.

December 1251 (II)
(13) 1. Giacomo da Castell'arquato + November 19, 1253.
(14) 2. István Báncsa, archbishop of Esztergom, Hungary. + July 9, 1270.
(15) 3. Ottobono Fieschi, archdeacon of Reims and of Parma. (1).

(1) Elected Pope Adrian V on July 11, 1276. Died on August 18, 1276.

Note. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 129, 131-134, lists the following among the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV: Berardo Caracciolo; Otto Grillo; Eudes Rigaud, O.F.M., archbishop of Rouen France; Riccardo, abbot of Montecassino (promoted by Pope Alexander IV); Goffredo Gaetani; Giovanni, bishop of Sabina; Niccolò, bishop of Sabina; Albus, O.Cist. Besides, Francesco Cristofori, Cronotasi dei cardinali di Santa Romana Chiesa (Rome : Tipografia de Propaganda Fide, 1888), mentions among the cardinals created by Pope Innocent IV, Vitale; and Astor. Finally, Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254 (2 vols. Padova, Antenore, 1972), II, 519-541, also mentions as presumed cardinals Alberto; Egidio da Forlimpopoli; Egidio da Verracclo; Jean de Bournin, archbishop of Vienne; Giovanni da Perugia; Gregorio da Santa Maria in Portico; Guido da S. Adriano; Niccolò da Segni; Rubaldo Fieschi; Tommaso d'Albano; Vitale dai XII Apostoli; and Vitale da S. Eustachio. None of them appear as signatories of any papal bulls; and several sources indicate that they were never promoted to the cardinalate and doubt the very existence of some of them.

Between August 17, 1255 and February 1, 1256 (I)
(1) 1. Riccardo di Montecassino, O.S.B., abbot of the monastery of Montecassino. + March 1, 1262.

December 1255 (II)
(2) 1. Tesauro dei Beccheria, O.S.B.Vall., abbot general. + Decapitated on September 12, 1258.

December 17, 1261 (I)
(1) 1. Gui Foucois, archbishop of Narbonne, France. (1)
(2) 2. Raoul Grosparmi, bishop of Evreux, France. + August 11, 1270.
(3) 3. Simone Paltineri, canon of the cathedral chapter of Padua. + Shortly after February 7, 1277.
(4) 4. Simon de Brion, chancellor of France. (2)
(5) 5. Uberto di Cocconato. + July 13, 1276.
(6) 6. Giacomo Savelli. (3)
(7) 7. Goffredo da Alatri. + 1287.

(1) Elected Pope Clement IV February 5, 1265. Died on November 29, 1268.
(2) Elected Pope Martin IV on February 22, 1281. Died on March 28, 1285.
(3) Elected Pope Honorius IV on April 2, 1285. Died April 3, 1287.

May 22, 1262 (II)
(8) 1. Enrico Bartolomei di Susa, archbishop of Embrun, France. + October 25 (or November 6), 1271.
(9) 2. Anchero Pantaléon. + November 1, 1286.
(10) 3. Guillaume de Bray. + April 29, 1282.
(11) 4. Guy de Bourgogne, O.Cist., abbot of Cîteaux. + May 20, 1272.
(12) 5. Annibale d'Annibaldi, O.P. + 1272.
(13) 6. Giordano Pironti, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + October 1269.
(14) 7. Matteo Orsini. + September 4, 1305.

1265 or 1268 (I) (?)
(1) 1. Bernard Ayglier, O.S.B., abbot of Monte Cassino. + April 4, 1282.

June 3, 1273 (I)
(1) 1. João Pedro Julião, archbishop of Braga, Portugal. (1)
(2) 2. Vicedomino de Vicedominis, archbishop of Aix, France. + September 6, 1276. (2)
(3) 3. Bonaventura, O.F.M., general of the order. + July 15, 1274. (3)
(4) 4. Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P., archbishop of Lyon, France. (4)
(5) 5. Bertrand de Saint-Martin, O.S.B., archbishop of Arles, France. + March 28, 1275 (or ca. 1277).

(1) Elected Pope John XXI on September 8, 1276. Died on May 20, 1277.
(2) He was elected Pope Gregory XI in Viterbo on September 5, 1276, but having died the following day and his name never proclaimed, his election is not recorded.
(3) Canonized by Pope Sixtus IV on April 14, 1482; declared Doctor of the Church by Pope Sixtus V on March 14, 1587. His feast is celebrated on 14 July.
(4) Elected Pope Innocent V on January 21, 1276. Died on June 22, 1276. Pope Leo XIII confirmed on March 9, 1898, the immemorial veneration of this pope as a blessed.

Consistory of 1275 (II)
(6) 1. Giovanni Visconti, nephew of His Holiness. + 1278.
(7) 2. Teobaldo di Ceccano, O.Cist., abbot of the monastery of Fossanova. + 1279.

Pope Innocent V was elected on January 21, 1276 and died on June 22, 1276. He did not create any cardinals.

Pope Adrian V was elected on July 11, 1276 and died on August 18, 1276. He did not create any cardinals.

Pope John XXI was elected on September 16, 1276 and died on May 20, 1277. He did not create any cardinals.

Note. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, col. 214, says that Erhard de Lessines was created cardinal by Pope John XXI but Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, p.9, lists him as the second cardinal created by Pope Nicholas III on March 12, 1278 and Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 127, agrees with him.

March 12, 1278 (I)
(1) 1. Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P., master in theology. + August 10 (or July 19), 1294. (1)
(2) 2. Erhard de Lessines, bishop of Auxerre, France. + July 18, 1278.
(3) 3. Bentivenga de Bentivengis, O.F.M., bishop of Todi. + March 25, 1289.
(4) 4. Robert Kilwardby, O.P., archbishop of Canterbury, England. + September 12, 1279.
(5) 5. Ordoño Álvarez, archbishop of Braga, Portugal. + December 21, 1285.
(6) 6. Gerardo Bianchi, protonotary apostolic. + March 1, 1302.
(7) 7. Girolamo Masci, O.F.M., minister general of his order. (2)
(8) 8. Giordano Orsini. + September 8, 1287.
(9) 9. Giacomo Colonna, archdeacon of Pisa. + August 14, 1318. (3)

(1) He is considered a blessed by Dominican authors.
(2) Elected Pope Nicholas IV on February 22, 1288. Died on April 4, 1292.
(3) Deposed by Pope Boniface VIII on May 10, 1297, he was rehabilitated by Pope Benedict XI and reinstated as a cardinal by Pope Clement V on December 17, 1305, who assigned him again the deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata on February 2, 1306.

Note 1. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, col. 223, includes Gerardo Cupalates among the cardinals created by Pope Nicholas III. Cristofori, Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa, p. 20, lists him as bishop of Palestrina in 1278, both with a (?). Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, p. 9, n. 6, indicates that he is confused with Cardinal Erhard de Lessins (1278), also bishop of Palestrina. Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 129, includes his biography.

Note 2. Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, p. 576, indicates that a Juilianus, bishop of Mende in 1279, was also created cardinal that year. No other source lists him in either capacity.

April 12, 1281 (I)
(1) 1. Bernard de Languissel, archbishop of Arles, France. + July 23, 1291.
(2) 2. Hugh of Evesham, private physician of His Holiness. + September 4, 1287.
(3) 3. Jean Cholet. + August 2, 1293.
(4) 4. Gervais Jeancolet de Clinchamp, archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Paris, France. + September 15, 1287.
(5) 5. Conte Casate, archdeacon of Milan. + April 8, 1287.
(6) 6. Geoffroy de Bar, dean of the cathedral chapter of Paris, France. + August 21, 1287.
(7) 7. Benedetto Caetani, seniore, protonotary apostolic. (1)

(1) Elected Pope Boniface VIII on December 24, 1294. Died on October 11, 1303.

December 22, 1285 (I)
(1) 1. Giovanni Boccamazza, archbishop of Monreale. + August 10, 1309.

May 16, 1288 (I)
(1) 1. Bernardo de' Berardi, bishop of Osimo. + June 1291.
(2) 2. Hugues Aycelin de Billom, O.P. + December 30, 1297.
(3) 3. Matteo d'Acquasparta, O.F.M., 12th minister general of his order. + October 28, 1303.
(4) 4. Pietro Peregrosso, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + Between July 23 and August 1, 1295.
(5) 5. Napoleone Orsini. + March 23 (or 24), 1342.
(6) 6. Pietro Colonna. + 1326. (1)

(1) He was deposed by Pope Boniface VIII on May 10, 1297. Rehabilitated by Pope Benedict XI and reinstated as a cardinal by Pope Clement V on December 17, 1305; the pope assigned him the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria on February 6, 1306.

Note. Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 269-270, indicates that Theobald d'Éstampes (+ 1298 or 1288); Bonitius Nardi (+ 1297); and Pierre de Bareilles, O. de M. (+ 1289), may have been created cardinals by Pope Nicholas IV. He considers their promotion doubtful, as does Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi, I, 11. In addition, Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 133, also lists Bl. Corrado Miliani, O.F.M. (+ 1289) among the cardinals that were going to be created by this pontiff but he died before the promotion took place. Pope Pius VI approved his veneration as a blessed; his feast is celebrated by the Order of Friars Minor on 19 April.

September 18, 1294 (I)
(1) 1. Simon de Beaulieu, archbishop of Bourges, France. + August 18, 1297.
(2) 2. Bérard de Got, archbishop of Lyon, France. + June 27, 1297.
(3) 3. Tommaso d'Ocre, O.Cel., abbot of S. Giovanni in Piano. + May 29, 1300. (1)
(4) 4. Jean Le Moine, bishop elect of Arras, France, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + August 22, 1313.
(5) 5. Pietro de L'Aquila, O.S.B., bishop elect of Valva-Sulmona. + June 3, 1298.
(6) 6. Guillaume Ferrières. + September 7, 1295.
(7) 7. Nicolas l'Aide, chancellor or dean of the cathedral chapter of Paris, France. + September 23, 1299.
(8) 8. Robert de Pontigny, O.Cist., 28th superior general of his order. + October 9, 1305.
(9) 9. Simon d'Armentières, O.S.B.Clun. + Shortly after May 7, 1297.
(10) 10.Landolfo Brancaccio. + October 29, 1312.
(11) 11. Guglielmo Longhi, chancellor of King Charles II of Sicily. + April 9, 1319.
(12) 12. Francesco Ronci, O.Cel.
(13) 13. Giovanni Castrocoeli, O.S.B.Cas., archbishop of Benevento. + February 22, 1295.

(1) The Benedictine martyrology considers him a blessed.

Note. Pope Celestine V wanted to promote Roberto di Salle, O.Cel., to the cardinalate in 1294 but he declined.

Creation between January 23 and May 13, 1295 (I)
(1) 1. Benedetto Caetani, iuniore. + December 14, 1296.

December 17, 1295 (II)
(2) 1. Giacomo Tomassi-Caetani, O.F.M., former bishop of Alatri. + January 1, 1300.
(3) 2. Francesco Napoleone Orsini, nephew of Pope Nicholas III. + after May 24, 1312.
(4) 3. Giacomo Caetani Stefaneschi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. + June 23, 1341.
(5) 4. Francesco Caetani. + May 16, 1317.
(6) 5. Pietro Valeriano Duraguerra, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + December 17, 1302.

December 4, 1298 (III)
(7) 1. Gonzalo Gudiel, archbishop of Toledo, Spain. + December 1299.
(8) 2. Teodorico Ranieri, archbishop elect of Pisa, papal chamberlain. + December 7, 1306.
(9) 3. Niccolò Boccasini, O.P., master general of his order. (1)
(10) 4. Riccardo Petroni, vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. + February 10, 1314.

(1) Elected Pope Benedict XI on October 22, 1303. Died on July 7, 1304. Beatified by Pope Clement XII on April 24, 1736 by confirming his veneration from time immemorial.

March 2, 1300 (IV)
(11) 1. Leonardo Patrasso, archbishop of Capua. + December 7, 1311.
(12) 2. Gentile Partino, O.F.M., lector of theology in the Roman Curia. + October 27, 1312.
(13) 3. Luca Fieschi. + January 31, 1336.

December 15, 1302 (V)
(14) 1. Pedro Rodríguez, bishop of Burgos, Spain. + December 20, 1310.
(15) 2. Giovanni Minio da Morrovalle, O.F.M., minister general of his order. + August 1312.

Note. Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, 13, n. 9, mentions that Chacón, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, II, cols. 334-337, lists these five cardinals among the ones created by Pope Boniface VIII: Andrea Conti, O.F.M. (+ February 1, 1302); Giacomo Santucci (+ ?); Egidio Colonna, O.E.S.A., archbishop of Bourges, France (+ December 22, 1316); Domingo de San Pedro, O. de M. (+ 1307); and Reginaldo, O.F.M., archbishop of Rouen, France. Eubel denies that the first three were ever created cardinals and together with Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1929, p. 137, says that the fourth is confused with Odo Rigaldi (see Note in the pontificate of Innocent IV). Some sources indicate that Stefano Surdi, papal chaplain, was also promoted to the cardinalate in the pontificate of Pope Boniface VIII.

SUMMARY
Innocent III (1198-1216) - 41 cardinals
Honorius III (1216-1227) - 9 cardinals
Gregory IX (1227-1241) - 16 cardinals
Celestine IV (1241) - did not create any cardinals
Innocent IV (1243-1254) - 15 cardinals
Alexander IV (1254-1261) - 2 cardinalS
Urban IV (1261-1264) - 14 cardinals
Clement IV (1265-1268) - 1 cardinal (?)
B. Gregory X (1271-1276) - 5 cardinals
Innocent V (1276) - did not create any cardinals
Adrian V (1276) - did not create any cardinals
John XXI (1276-1277) - did not create any cardinals
Nicholas III (1277-1280) - 9 cardinals
Martin IV (1281-1285) - 7 cardinals
Honorius IV (1285-1287) - 1 cardinal
Nicholas IV (1288-1292) - 6 cardinals
St. Celestine V (1294) - 13 cardinals
Boniface VIII (1294-1303) - 15 cardinals
Total: 154 cardinals.

©1998-2008 Salvador Miranda.