(1) 1. Giovanni, Greek, from Rossano, Calabria, Cardinal deacon, his deaconry is not known. His image in a mosaic fragment, Reverenda Fabrica di S. Pietro, Vatican City. (1)

(1) Elected Pope John VII on March 1, 705. Died on October 18, 707.

(1) 1. Sisinnius, from Syria, Cardinal deacon before 707, his deaconry is not known. (1)
(2) 2. Costantino, from Syria, Cardinal deacon before 708, his deaconry is not known. (2)

(1) Elected Pope Sisinnius on January 15, 708. Died on February 4, 708.
(2) Elected Pope Constantine on March 25, 708. Died on April 9, 715.

Elected pope on January 15, 708. Died on February 4, 708. No names of new cardinals are found in his pontificate.

(1) 1. St. Gregorio, O.S.B., Roman, Cardinal deacon or priest, his deaconry or title is not known. Another biography and image. (1)
(2) 2. Giovanni, title of S. Cecilia in 714. + Before 734.
(3) 3. Michele, Cardinal priest, his title is not known. + (?).

(1) Elected Pope Gregory II on My 19, 715. Died on February 11, 731. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on February 11.

(1) 1. Andrea, bishop of Albano in 721. + Before 743.
(2) 2. St. Gregorio, O.S.B., from Syria, Cardinal priest 726, his title is not known. (1)

(1) Elected Pope Gregory III on March 18, 715. Died on Novembr 28, 741. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on December 10 or November 28 pro clero Romano.

Note. Following is a list of 18 Cardinal priests and deacons given by Chacón-Oldoini, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, I, cols. 513-514, and completed with information from Cristofori's work Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa. The remaining 5 cardinals are added by Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1926, p. 147.

(1) 1. Sisinnio, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in 731. + Before 735.
(2) 2. Giovanni, title of S. ... nella Via Appia in 731. + (?).
(3) 3. Sisinnio, title of S. Cecilia in 731. + 761.
(4) 4. Giovanni, title of S. Marcello in 731. + Before 761.
(5) 5. Giovanni, title of Ss. Quattro Coronati in 731. + Before 745.
(6) 6. Eustrasio, title of S. Anastasia in 731. + Before 745.
(7) 7. Giorgio, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 731. + Before 745.
(8) 8. Talasio (or Thalassio), title of S. Maria in Trastevere (or S. Madre di Dio) in 731. + Before 745.
(9) 9. Marino, title of S. Sabina in 731. + Before 741.
(10) 10. Costantino, title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme in 731. + Before 745.
(11) 11. Gregorio, seniore, title of S. Clemente in 731. + Before 745.
(12) 12. Epifanio, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in 731. + Before 745.
(13) 13. Marino, title of Ss. XII Apostoli in 731. + (?).
(14) 14. Giovanni, title of Ss. Aquila e Prisca in 731 (or 735). + Before 745.
(15) 15. Pietro, deacon of the I Region of Rome in 731. + (?).
(16) 16. Mosco (or Muscus, or Musius), deacon of the II Region of Rome in 731. + (?).
(17) 17. Gregorio, deacon of the III Region of Rome in 731. + (?).
(18) 18. Benedetto, deacon of the IV Region of Rome in 731. + (?).
(19) 19. Gregorio, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 731. + (?). (1)
(20) 20. Michele, Cardinal priest from 731 (?) to 735 (?), his title is not known. + (?).
(21) 21. Sigismondo, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in 735. + Before 745.
(22) 22. S. Zaccaria, Greek from Calabria, Cardinal priest before 740, his title is not known. (2)
(23) 23. Maginensio Ascanio (?), title of S. Cecilia from 741 to 768. + (?).

(1) Cristofori places him before Cardinal Giorgio (no. 7), who then would have not been created until 735 unless it is a wrong name listed in the wrong place.
(2) Elected Pope Zacharias on December 3, 741. Died on March 15, 752. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on March 22.

Note. Following is a list of 16 Cardinal priests given by Chacón-Oldoini, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, I, col. 520, and completed with information from Cristofori's work Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa. The remaining 6 cardinals are added by Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1926, p. 147.

(1) 1. Giovanni, title of S. Susanna in 745. + Before 761.
(2) 2. Stefano, title of S. Marco in 745. + Before 761.
(3) 3. Stefano, title of S. Eusebio in 745. + Before 761.
(4) 4. Domenico, title of S. Prisca in 745. + Before 761.
(5) 5. Teodoro, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in 745. + Before 761.
(6) 6. Anastasio, title of S. Maria in Trastevere in 745. + Before 761.
(7) 7. Gregorio, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 745. + (?).
(8) 8. Sergio, title of S. Pudenziana in 745. + (?).
(9) 9. Tordono (or Tordonus), title of S. Sabina in 741. + Before 745.
(10) 10. Teofano (or Teofanio), title of Ss. Quattro Coronati in 745. + Before 761.
(11) 11. Leone, title of S. Anastasia before 745. + Before 761.
(12) 12. Gregorio, title of S. Balbina in 745. + Before 761.
(13) 13. Stefano, Roman, title of S. Crisogono in 745. (1)
(14) 14. Eustachio, Cardinal priest in 745, his title is not known. + (?).
(15) 15. Leone, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso before 745. + Before 761.
(16) 16. Procopio, title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme in 745. + Before 765.
(17) 17. Tiberio (or Tiburtino), bishop of Albano in 743. + Before 761
(18) 18. Teofilo, title of S. Sabina in 745. + Before 761.
(19) 19. Gregorio, iuniore, title of S. Clemente in 745 (?). + (?).
(20) 20. Gregorio, title of S. Clemente in 746 (?). + (?).
(21) 21. Stefano, Roman, Cardinal deacon before 750, his deaconry is not known. (2)
(22) 22. St. Paulo, Roman, brother of Pope Stephen II (III), Cardinal deacon before 750, his deaconry is not known. (3)

(1) Elected Pope Stephen II on March 27, 752. Died four days after without having received the episcopal consecration. The canon law in force at the time marked the beginning of the pontificate the day the elected was consecrated. For this reason, the Liber Pontificalis, as well as other papal catalogs, do not mention him among the Roman Pontiffs.
(2) Elected Pope Stephen II (III) on March 26, 752. Died on April 26, 757.
(3) Elected Pope Paul I on April 29, 757. Died on June 28, 767. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on June 28.

At the death of Pope St. Zacharias, Stephen, cardinal priest (or deacon) was elected pope but he died 4 days later without having received the episcopal consecration. The canon law in force at the time marked the beginning of the pontificate the day the elected was consecrated. For this reason, the Liber Pontificalis, as well as other papal catalogs, do not mention him among the Roman Pontiffs. The successive popes who took the same name are listed in the official series in the Annuario Pontificio with two Roman numerals: the first one disregarding the election of the second Stephen, and the second one, in parentheses, including him as a pope. No names of new cardinals are found in his brief pontificate.

(1) 1. Anastasio, O.S.B.Cas., cardinal priest in 752 (?), his title is not known. + (?).
(2) 2. Pietro, Cardinal deacon in 752 (?), his deaconry is not known. + (?).
(3) 3. Giorgio, bishop of Ostia (1) in 753. + 783 (?).

(1) The suburbicarian see of Ostia dates back to the early centuries. It has an episcopal series beginning in 229. In 1150, the diocese of Velletri was united to Ostia. On May 5, 1914, Pope St. Pius X separated them. Ostia is the see of the dean of the College of Cardinals since 1150. Its bishops have the right to consecrate the new pope according to a tradition dating to 336. This is its first cardinal bishop.

(1) Note. Chacón-Oldoini, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, I, col. 535 and 540, offers for this pontificate a list of nineteen cardinal priests and one cardinal deacon. Cristofori, Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa, includes most of the them with greater precision concerning the dates. The remaining six cardinals appear in Cristofori's work.

(1) 1. Gregorio, title of S. Balbina in 761. + (?).
(2) 2. Filippo, title of S. Marco in 761. + Before 797.
(3) 3. Gregorio, title of S. Anastasia in this pontificate. + (?).
(4) 4. Teofilo, title of S. Sabina in 757. + 761.
(5) 5. Eustochio (or Eustachio?), Cardinal priest, his title is not known. + (?).
(6) 6. Stefano, from Syracuse, monk of S. Crisogono, title of S. Cecilia in 761. (1)
(7) 7. Costantino, title of Ss. Quattro Coronati in 761. + Before 772.
(8) 8. Marino, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in 761. + (?).
(9) 9. Teopempto, title of S. Eusebio in 761. + (?).
(10) 10. Leonzio, title of S. Susanna in 761. + Before 796.
(11) 11. Eusebio, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in 761. + (?).
(12) 12. Benedetto, title of S. Marcello in 761. + (?).
(13) 13. Clemente, title of S. Anastasia in 761. + (?).
(14) 14. Cristoforo, title of Ss. Vitale, Gervasio e Protasio in 761. + (?).
(15) 15. Donato, title of S. Sisto in 761. + (?).
(16) 16. Andrea, title of S. Maria in Trastevere in 761. + (?).
(17) 17. Saxolo, title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme in 761. + (?).
(18) 18. Ermogene, title of S. Prisca in 761. + (?).
(19) 19. Pietro, Cardinal deacon in 761, his deaconry is not known. + (?).
(20) 20. Filippo, abbot of the Monastery of S. Vito, Rome, Cardinal priest or deacon in 761, his title or deaconry is not known. (2)
(21) 21. Pietro Guglielmo, title of S. Sabina in 761. + (?).
(22) 22. Citonato, bishop of Velletri (3) in 761. + Before 775 or in 769.
(23) 23. Gregorio, bishop of S. Rufina or Silva Candida (4) in 761. + 769.
(24) 24. Gregorio, bishop of Palestrina (5) on June 2, 761. + July 5, 767.
(25) 25. Leone, bishop of Albano in 761. + Before 767.
(26) 26. Eustasio (or Eustrasio, or Eustazio, or Eustachio), bishop of Albano in 761. + 769.

(1) Elected Pope Stephen III (IV) on August 1, 768. Died on January 24, 772.
(2) Elected Antipope Philip on July 31, 768. On that same day, he abdicated and returned to his monastery.
(3) The diocese of Velletri dates back to 465. It was united to the see of Ostia in 1150 and separated on May 5, 1914. On October 20, 1981, the diocese of Segni was united to Velletri. This is its first Cardinal.
(4) The diocese of Santa Rufina dates from 500 at which time starts its episcopal list. It was united to the see of Porto by Pope Calistus II in 1119. This is its first Cardinal.
(5) The diocese of Palestrina's episcopal list dates back to 313. This is its first cardinal.

Constantine, a layman, was installed as antipope on June 5, 767, by the soldiers and supporters of his brother Duke Toto of Nepi. On July 30, 768, he was arrested and his brother was killed. A week later, on August 6, he was stripped of the papal insignia and deposed. Imprisoned, he had his eyes taken out by a gang that attacked the monastery where he was confined. He was treated very harshly in the Lateran Synod of April 769 and sentenced to do penance for life in a monastery. Nothing further is known about him. No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his turbulent reign.

Elected antipope on July 31, 768. On that same day he abdicated and returned to his monastery. Kelly, Oxford History of Popes, pp. 94-95, says that nothing "is known about his earlier or subsequent history, but he should in all fairness be reckoned as neither a pope nor an antipope." Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 2001, p. 11*, lists him as an antipope in the official series of Roman Pontiffs. No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his one day reign.

Note. A decree issued in the session of April 13, 769 of the Lateran Council convoked by Pope Stephen III (IV), mandated that all future popes had to be either deacons or cardinal priests and that laymen could not vote in papal elections. The word "cardinal" appears for the first time in the Liber Pontificalis in the biography of this pope.

(1) 1. Gregorio, bishop of Velletri in 769. + Before 775.
(2) 2. Andrea, bishop of Palestrina in 769. + 773.
(3) 3. Teodosio, cardinal priest in 769 (?), his title is not known. + (?).
(4) 4. Teofilato, cardinal priest in 769 (?), his title is not known. + (?).
(5) 5. Anastasio, cardinal deacon and protodeacon in 769, his deaconry is not known. + (?).
(6) 6. Adriano, Roman, cardinal deacon of the region of S. Maria in Via Lata before 770. Another biography and image. (1)
(7) 7. Costante (or Costantino), bishop of Albano in 772. + Before 826.
(8) 8. Ubaldo Cornelio, from Lucca, title of Ss. Quattro Coronati in 772. + during the pontificate of Adrian I. (2)
(9) 9. Giovanni, cardinal priest in 772 (?), his title is not known. + (?).

(1) Elected Pope Adrian I on February 1, 772. Died on December 25, 795.
(2) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' Cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, I, pt. 1, p. 41, lists him among the cardinals created by Adrian I.

(1) 1. Giovanni, elected bishop of Ferrara in 772. + (?). (1)
(2) 2. Teodoro, bishop of Velletri, ca. 775. + Before 823.
(3) 3. Pietro, bishop of Sabina or of Foronovo (2) in 778. + Before 799.
(4) 4. Gregorio, bishop of Ostia in 787 (?). + Before 804.
(5) 5. S. Leone, Roman, title of S. Susanna before 795. His image by Raffaele Sanzio, in the Stanza dell'Incendio di Borgo, Vatican City. (3)

(1) According to Annuaire Pontifical catholique, 1926, p. 149, he is considered a cardinal by Chacón and most other authors. He would be the first cardinal named outside of the Roman Curia and the suburbicarian sees unless he was a cardinal priest in Rome before being elected bishop of Ferrara.
(2) The diocese of Sabina included those of Foronovo, Curi, and Metana, united under that name in 984. The episcopal series starts after 415. This is its first cardinal. The diocese of Poggio Mirteto was united to Sabina on June 3, 1925.
(3) Elected Pope Leo III on December 26, 795. Died on June 12, 816. Canonized in 1673 by Pope Clement X, his feast is celebrated on February 11 and on May 14 pro clero Romano.

SUMMARY
John VI (701-705) - 1 cardinal
John VII (705-707) - 2 cardinals
Sisinnius (708) - No names of new cardinals are found in his pontificate
Constantine (708-715) - 3 cardinals
St. Gregory II (715-731) - 2 cardinals
St. Gregory III (731-741) - 23 cardinals
St. Zacharias (741-752) - 22 cardinals
Stephen (II) (752) - No names of new cardinals are found in his pontificate
Stephen II (III) (752-757) - 3 cardinals
St. Paul I (757-767) - 26 cardinals
[Antipope] Constantine (767-768) - No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his reign
[Antipope] Philip (768) - No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his reign
Stephen III (IV) (768-772) - 9 cardinals
Adrian I (772-795) - 5 cardinals
Total - 96 cardinals

©1998-2008 Salvador Miranda.