Note. Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1926, p. 140, indicates that this list is based on Cristofori's Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa.

(1) 1. Epifanio, title of Fasciolae (Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo) in 499. + (?).
(2) 2. Giovanni, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 499. + (?).
(3) 3. Lorenzo, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in 499. + 500.
(4) 4. Marcellino, title of S. Maria in Trastevere in 499. + Before 514 (?).
(5) 5. Marciano (?), title of S. Cecilia in 499. + Before 514.
(6) 6. Urbico, title of S. Clemente in 499. + (?).
(7) 7. Anastasio, title of S. Anastasia ca. 500. + (?).
(8) 8. Specioso (or Specio), title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in 500 (?). + (?).
(9) 9. Andrea, created cardinal priest ca. 501. + (?)
(10) 10. Giovanni Celio, title of S. Maria in Trastevere in 514. + (?).
(11) 11. Sabino Ponzio, title of S. Cecilia in 514. + (?).
(12) 12. St. Ormisdas Celio, from Frossinone, Campania, cardinal deacon before 514. (1)

(1) He was married and the father of future Pope St. Silverius. Elected Pope Hormisdas on July 20, 514. He died on August 6, 523. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrolgy, his feast is celebrated on August 6.

On November 22, 499, the same day of the election of Pope St. Symmachus, by minority of the clergy who were friendly to the Byzantines and were supported by a party in the senate, elected the Roman archpriest Lawrence as antipope. Both candidates agree to appear before the Gothic king Theodoric (an Arian), the ruler of Italy, and abide by his decision. Theodoric favored Symmachus based on the fact that he was elected first and by the majority of the clergy. Lawrence accepted the decision and at a Roman synod held on March 1, 499, was named bishop of Nocera in Campania. At he end of 502, those opposed to the pope called Lawrence again to Rome and recognized and installed him in the Lateran palace. The schism lasted for four years, both parties carrying furious quarrels in Rome. Finally, in 506 Antipope Lawrence was forced to leave Rome and retired to a farm that belonged his protector Senator Festus. There he devoted himself to an ascetic life and died soon afterward. No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his reign.

(1) 1. St. Felice, from Benevento, created cardinal priest of S. Silvestro nelle Esquilie ca. 515. (1)
(2) 2. Lorenzo (?), title of S. Prassede in 515 (?). + (?).
(3) 3. Basilio, title of S. Sabina in 523. + (?)
(4) 4. Pelagio, cardinal protodeacon in 523 (?), his deaconry is not known. + (?).

(1) Elected Pope Felix IV (III) on July 12, 526. He died on September 20 or 22, 530.

(1) 1. Andrea, Cardinal priest in 526, his title is not known + (?).

(1) 1. Bonifacio, Roman, title of S. Cecilia before 530. (1)
(2) 2. Pietro, title of S. Prassede in 530 (?). + (?).
(3) 3. St. Agapito (or St. Rustico), Roman, title of Ss. Apostoli (later of SS. XII Apostoli) in 530 (?). (2)
(4) 4. Diosocoro, cardinal priest before 530, his title is not known. (3)
(5) 5. Vigilio, cardinal deacon before 530 (?), his deaconry is not known. (4)

(1) Named his successor by Pope St. Felix IV (III), Boniface II became pope on September 20 or 22, 530. He died on October 17, 532.
(2) Elected Pope Agapitus I (or Agapetus) on May 13, 535. He died on April 22, 536. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on April 22.
(3) Elected Antipope Dioscorus by the Roman clergy after the death of Pope Felix IV (III), who had named Boniface as his successor. He died 22 days after the election on October 14, 530.
(4) Elected Pope Viglius on March 29, 537. He died on June 7, 555. According to the Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 2007, p. 10*, note 14, he was imposed by Belisarius on March 29, 537 and became legitimate pope when Pope St. Silverius resigned and he was recognized by the Roman clergy, "che sanò così i vizi dell'elezione."

(1) 1. Mercurio, Roman, title of S. Clemente before 532. (1)

(1) Elected Pope John II on December 31, 532. He died on May 8, 535. Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 2001, p. 9*, indicates that he is the first pope to have changed his name (Mercury, a Pagan deity) when elected to the papacy.

Elected Antipope by the Roman clergy after the death of Pope Felix IV (III), who had named Boniface as his successor. He died 22 days after the election on October 14, 530. No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his reign.

Elected Pope on December 31, 532. He died on May 8, 535. No names of new cardinals are found in his pontificate.

(1) 1. St. Silverio, from Frosinone, son of Pope S. Hormisdas, cardinal priest before 536. (1)

(1) Elected Pope Silverius on June 8, 536. He was deposed violently in March 537 and resigned the pontificate. He died a few months later in the island of Palmaria in the Gulf of Gaeta. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology as a martyr, his feast is celebrated on on June 20.

(1) 1. Mercurio (Joviano), title of S. Clemente in 537. + (?).

Note. The last four cardinals (no. 5-8) are listed by Chacón-Oldoini, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, I, col. 384, as simply attached to cardinalitial churches without having the title of Cardinal.

(1) 1. Sebastiano, Cardinal deacon in 540 (or 553?), his regional deaconry is not known. + 608.
(2) 2. Pelagio Vicariani, Roman, cardinal deacon in 544 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. (1)
(3) 3. Aratore, from Luguria, cardinal deacon in 553 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. + ca. 560.
(4) 4. Rustico, cardinal deacon in 553 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. + ca. 560.
(5) 5. Anatolio, cardinal deacon in 553 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. + (?).
(6) 6. Stefano, cardinal deacon in 553 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. +
(7) 7. Pietro, cardinal deacon in 553 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. + (?).
(8) 8. Teofanio (or Teofane), cardinal deacon in 553 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. + (?).

(1) Elected Pope Pelagius I on April 16, 556. He died on March 4, 561.

(1) 1. Giovanni Catalino, Roman, cardinal before 560, his order is not known. (1)
(2) 2. Applicatus, cardinal priest according to a document of 558, his title is not known. + (?).
(3) 3. Stefano, cardinal deacon according to a document of 558, his deaconry is not known + (?).
(4) 4. Menantius, cardinal deacon (Sedis Romanae diacono) according to a document ca. 560. + (?).

(1) Elected Pope John III on July 17, 561. He died on July 13, 574.

Elected Pope on July 17, 561. He died on July 13, 574. No names of new cardinals are found in his pontificate.

(1) 1. St. Gregorio, O.S.B., de la gens Anicia, Roman, grandson of Pope Felix IV (III), created cardinal deacon ca 577, his regional deaconry is not known. (1)

(1) Elected Pope Gregory I (the Great) on September 3, 590. He died on March 12, 604. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on September 3.

(1) 1. Giovanni Aniceo, relative of Pope St. Gregory I, cardinal priest in 580 (?), his title is not known. + (?).
(2) 2. Lorenzo, cardinal deacon in 580 (?), his regional deaconry is not known. + (?). (1)
(3) 3. Andrea, cardinal priest in 585 (?), his title is not known. + (?).
(4) 4. Giovanni, cardinal priest, his title is not known. + During this pontificate.

(1) According to Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1926, p. 142, he was sent to Constantinople as apocrisiarius before Emperor Maurice and behaved so "perversely" that Pope Gregory I deprived him of his cardinalitial dignity in September 591.

Note. Following is the list of 25 cardinals priests given by Chacón-Oldoini, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, I, col. 408. The majority of them had probably been created in previous pontificates but it is not known in which. Then follows the list of 7 cardinal deacons, also from Chacón-Oldoini, col. 418. Finally, the remaining 11 names, no. 33-43, are taken from Cristofori's Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa.

(1) 1. Lorenzo, title of S. Silvestro nelle Esquilie (Equitii) in 590. + (?).
(2) 2. Giovanni, title of Ss. Gervasio e Protasio (Vestinae) in 590. + (?).
(3) 3. Specio, title of S. Clemente al Monte Celio in 590. + (?).
(4) 4. St. Deusdedit (or Adeodato), Roman, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo (Pammachius or Bizantis) in 590. (1)
(5) 5. Andromaco, title of Ss. XII Apostoli in 590 + (?).
(6) 6. Crescente, title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in 590. + (?).
(7) 7. Rustico, title of Ss. Gabino e Susanna alle due Case in 590. + (?).
(8) 8. Vilio, title of S. Marcello, + (?).
(9) 9. Pietro, title of S. Maria in Trastevere ( Giulio e Callisto) in 590 + (?).
(10) 10. Stefano, title of S. Marco in 590. + (?).
(11) 11. Basso, title of S. Sisto in 590. + (?).
(12) 12. Pietro, title of S. Balbina in 590. + (?).
(13) 13. Giusto, title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo in 590. + (?).
(14) 14. Specioso, title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in 590 + (?).
(15) 15. Mauro, title of Ss. Aquila e Prisca in 590. + Before 604.
(16) 16. Vittore, title of S. Cecilia in Trastevere in 590. + Before 604.
(17) 17. Giovanni, title of S. Crisogono in Trastevere in 590. + (?).
(18) 18. Avenzio, title of S. Prassede in 590. + (?).
(19) 19. Felice, title of S. Sabina nel Monte Aventino in 590. + Before 612.
(20) 20. Bono, title of S. Eusebio nelle Esquilie in 590. + (?).
(21) 21. Basso, title of Ss. Pudente e Pudenziana (Pastore) in 590. + (?).
(22) 22. Albino, title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro in 590. + (?).
(23) 23. Aventino, title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme di Diocleziano in 590. + (?).
(24) 24. Fortunato, title of Ss. Quattro Coronati in 590. + (?).
(25) 25. Andromaco, title of S. Pietro in Vincoli (Eudoxiae ad Vincula) in 590. + (?). (2)
(26) 26. Sabiniano, from Blera nella Tuscia, cardinal deacon in 590, his deaconry is not known. (3)
(27) 27. Anatolio, cardinal deacon in 590, his deaconry is not known. + After 597.
(28) 28. Bonifacio Catodioci, Roman, monk of S. Sebastiano, Rome, cardinal deacon in 590, his deaconry is not known. (4)
(29) 29. Lorenzo, cardinal deacon in 590, his deaconry is not known. + (?). (5)
(30) 30. Onorato, cardinal deacon in 590, his deaconry is not known. + (?).
(31) 31. Pietro, O.S.B., cardinal deacon in 590 (?), his deaconry is not known. + March 12, 606.
(32) 32. Gordiano Aniceo, cardinal deacon in 590 (?), his deaconal region is not knwon. + (?).(6)
(33) 33. Giovino, cardinal priest in 590 (?), his title is not known. + (?).
(34) 34. Agapito Rustico, cardinal deacon in 590, his deaconry is not known. + (?).
(35) 35. Giovanni, title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 600. + Before 604 (?).
(36) 36. Giovanni, cardinal deacon in 600 (?), his deaconry is not known. + (?).
(37) 37. Virgilio, cardinal deacon in 600 (?), his deaconry is not known. + (?).
(38) 38. Felice, title of S. Sisto in 603. + (?).
(39) 39. Grazioso, title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo in 604 (?). + (?)
(40) 40. Agapito Rustico (?), title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 604 (?). + (?). (7)
(41) 41. Rufo Adeodato, title of S. Cecilia in 604. + (?)
(42) 42. Adeodato, title of S. Prisca in 604 (?). + (?).
(43) 43. St. Boniface, O.S.B., from Marsi, cardinal deacon in 604 (?). (8)

(1) Elected Pope Deusdedit or Adeodato I on October 19, 615. Died on November 8, 618. Incribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on November 8 together with that of St. Nicholas I.
(2) This very ancient title, mentioned in the pontificate of Pope St. Symmachus ca. 490, was erected in the church that Empress Eudoxie built after the death of her husband Arcadius. She died in 404. Since the church had in its treasury the chains of St. Peter, it took the name of S. Pietro in Vincoli. The church was consecrated again by Pope Pelagius I in 555. The title still exists.
(3) Elected Pope Sabinian in March 604, he was consecrated on September 13, 604. He died on February 22, 606.
(4) Elected Pope Boniface III on February 19, 607. He died on November 10, 607.
(5) Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1926, p. 143, says that he is the same as no. 2 in the pontificate of Pelagius II and that he was deprived of the cardinalitial dignity in 591.
(6) Father of His Holiness, Roman senator, he entered the ecclesiastical state with his wife's consent.
(7) Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1926, p. 144, indicates that he could be the same as no. 34.
(8) Elected Pope Boniface IV on August 25, 608. He died on May 8, 615. Inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, his feast is celebrated on May 8.

Note. Chacón-Oldoini, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, I, col. 409, adds to his list of cardinal priests and deacons, a third list of 11 archpriests of cardinalitial titles: Stefano, archpriest of Ss. Gervasio e Protasio (Vestinae); Placido, archpriest of S. Balbina; Andrea, archpriest of S. Marco; Giovanni, archpriest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo (Pammachius); Candido, archpriest of S. Clemente al Monte Celio (Cristofori, Cronotassi dei Cardinali de Santa Romana Chiesa, indicates that he became a cardinal of this title in 590); Romano, archpriest of S. Marcello; Leone, archpriest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso; Probino, archpriest of S. Ciriaco alle terme; Agapito, archpriest of S. Pietro in Vincoli (Eudoxiae ad Vincola); Grazioso, archpriest of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo (Cristofori indicates that he became a Cardinal of this title in 604 (?), no.39 above); Bonifacio, archpriest of of S. Sisto; Gotus Bonifacio, archpriest of S. Cecilia.

SUMMARY
St. Symmachus (498-614) - 12 cardinals
[Antipope] Lawrence (498-499; 502-506) - No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his reign
St. Hormisdas (514-523) - 4 cardinals
St. John I (523-526) - 1 cardinal
St. Felix IV (III) (526-530) - 5 cardinals
Boniface II (530-532) - 1 cardinal
[Antipope] Dioscorus (530) - No names of new pseudocardinals are found in his reign
John II (533-535) - No names of new cardinals are found in his pontificate
St. Agapitus I (535-536) - 1 cardinal
St. Silverius (536-537) - 1 cardinal
Vigilius (537-555) - 8 cardinals
Pelagius I (556-561) - 4 cardinals
John III (561-574) - No names of new cardinals are found in his pontificate
Benedict I (575-579) - 1 cardinal
Pelagius II (579-590) - 4 cardinals
St. Gregory I the Great (590-604) - 43 cardinals
Total - 85 cardinals

©1998-2008 Salvador Miranda.