Birth. September 3, 1837, Rome. Received the sacrament of confirmation, March 9, 1845.

Education. Roman Seminary, Rome (doctorates in philosophy, September 10, 1856; theology, September 12, 1860; and utroque iuris, both civil and canon law, June 28, 1863).

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Official in the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, November 28, 1866. In the Roman Seminary, professor of Greek, August 21, 1868, and prefect of studies, November 19, 1880. Substitute in the Secretariat of Apostolic Briefs, June 1, 1874. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, August 2, 1877. Secretary of the S.C. of extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, September 19, 1879. Vice-librarian of the Holy Roman Church, November 16, 1880. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Prefect of studies of the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare, Rome, November 18, 1880.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tiro, August 4, 1881. Consecrated, August 14, 1881, altar of the Chair of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Edoardo Borromeo, archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, assisted by Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella, titular archbishop of Tiana, privy almoner of His Holiness, and by Francesco Folicaldi, titular archbishop of Efeso, canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Named secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, March 30 (or 31), 1882. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, June 8, 1886. Nuncio in Portugal, June 16, 1891.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 22, 1896; received red hat and title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, December 3, 1896. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, April 19, 1897 to March 24, 1898. Vicar of His Holiness for Rome, December 14, 1899. Prefect of the S.C. of the Residence of Bishops and president of the S.C. of the Episcopal Visits, 1900.

Death. February 1, 1900, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, and buried in his family's tomb, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Birth. September 4, 1832, Cologno al Serio, diocese of Bergamo.

Education. Doctorate in utroque iuris, both civil and canon law. (No further schooling information found).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 22 (or 24), 1855, Rome. Professor of moral theology, Pontifical Urban Athenaeum of Propaganda Fide, Rome, 1877-1884. Minutant in the S.C. of Propaganda Fide.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina and appointed apostolic delegate in India, September 23, 1884. Consecrated, October 12, 1884, church of S. Andrea delle Fratte, Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni Simeoni, assisted by Domenico Maria Jacobini, titular archbishop of Tiro, secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, and by Camillo Santoni, titular archbishop of Seleucia in Isauria. Pro-secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, May 9, 1887; secretary, October 6, 1888. Nuncio in Bavaria, April 9, 1889. Nuncio in Austria, June 12, 1893. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1896.

Birth. March 4, 1847, Gradoli, diocese of Montefiascone. Received the sacrament of confirmation, September 24, 1851.

Education. Jesuit school, Orvieto; Seminary of Montefiascone, Montefiascone; obtained doctorates in theology and utroque iuris, both civil and canon law in Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 18, 1869. Professor of canon law in the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare, Rome, 1876. Professor of dogmatic theology in the Pontifical Urban Athenaeum of Propaganda Fide, Rome, 1877. Privy chamberlain, June 16, 1879. Auditor of the nunciature in France, 1879-1882. Under secretary of the S.C. of Rites and of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, 1883. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Extraordinary apostolic delegate in Switzerland to regulate the situation, unsettled since the war of 1859, of the diocese of Basel and of the canton of Tessin. Canon of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome. President of the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1884.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tessalonica, April 2, 1885. Nuncio in Belgium, April 14, 1885. Consecrated, April 19, 1885, Rome, by Cardinal Lodovico Jacobini. Secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, April 20, 1889. Nuncio in France, June 23, 1891.

Birth. September 4, 1833, Soriano, diocese of Orte.

Education. Pontifical Roman Athenaeum of S. Apollinare, Rome (doctorate in theology); studied and was fluent in English, French, Greek and Spanish.

Priesthood. Ordained, 1857, Rome. Professor of philosophy in the Pontifical Urban Athenaeum of Propaganda Fide, Rome. Vice-substitute of the Secretariat of State. Secretary of the commission for Oriental affairs of the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870. Canon of the patriarchal Liberian basilica. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Archivist of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide. Sent by Pope Pius IX, 1877, attended the general chapter of the Armenian Mekhitariats, Venice. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 21, 1878. Under secretary of State, September 19, 1879. Secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, section of Oriental rites, November 16, 1880. Assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, March 20 (or 30), 1889.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Damasco, January 16, 1893. Consecrated, February 5, 1893, Rome, by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, Theat. Nuncio in Spain, May 9, 1893.