Birth. September 3, 1836, Desznica, diocese of Przemysl, Poland, Austrian Empire. Son of Antoniego Sembratowicz and Anny Wisłockich. He belonged to the Greek-Ruthenian rite. His last name is also listed as Sembratovych.

Education. Greek-Ruthenian College of St. Athanasius, Rome; Pontifical Urban Athenaeum of Propagada Fide, Rome, 1856-1860 (doctorate in theology, 1861).

Priesthood. Ordained, November 1, 1860, Rome. Further studies, Rome, 1860-1861. Prefect of studies, Greek-Ruthenian Seminary of Lviv, 1863-1865. Professor of theology, University of Lviv, 1865-1879. Prosynodal examiner.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Juliopolis and appointed auxiliary of Lviv and Halicz of the Greek-Ruthenians, February 28, 1879. Consecrated, April 20, 1879, Ruthenian cathedral Lviv, by Josyf Sembratowicz, archbishop of Lviv and Halicz of the Greek-Ruthenians, assisted by Franciszek Ksawery Wierzchlejski, archbishop of Lviv of the Latins, and by Jan Stupnyckj, bishop of Przemyśl of the Greek-Ruthenians. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Lviv and Halicz of the Greek-Ruthenians, March 27, 1885. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, July 17, 1894.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 29, 1895; received red hat and title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, June 25, 1896.

Death. August 4, 1898, Lviv. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Lviv.

Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les potificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, GrégoireXVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche = Gratianus series. Série Instruments de recherche; Variation: Collection Gratianus.; Série Instruments de recherche), p. 867-868; Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, pp. 437-440.

Birth. July 21, 1839, Marsciano, diocese of Perugia. Son of Giovanni Battista Satolli and Maria Calzini.

Education. Seminary of Perugia, Perugia (doctorate in philosophy); La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 14, 1862, Perugia, by Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, bishop of Perugia (future Pope Leo XIII). Further studies, Rome. In the diocese of Perugia, pastoral work and professor in its seminary, 1864-1870; pastor in Marsciano, 1870-1872; in Montecassino, 1872-1874. Faculty member, Pontifical Urban College of Propaganda Fide, Rome, 1880-1882; and of the Roman College, Rome, 1882-1884; rector of the Greek-Ruthenian College, Rome, 1884-1886; rector of the Pontifical Academy of Noble Ecclesiastics, Rome, 1886-1888.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Lepanto, June 1, 1888. Consecrated, July 10, 1888, Rome, by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, bishop of Albano, assisted by Raffaele Sirolli, bishop of Aquino, Sora e Pontecorvo, and by Elia Bianchi, bishop of Nicosia. Visited the United States in 1889 to attend the celebrations for the centennial of the establishment of the Catholic hierarchy and the inauguration of the Catholic University of America in Washington. Visited again at the end of 1892 and took up residence at the Catholic University of America, where he gave a course of lectures on the philosophy of St. Thomas. Appointed first apostolic delegate to the United States, January 14, 1893.

Birth. April 30, 1825, Sankt Martin in Passeier, diocese of Trent, Austria.

Education. Benedictine Gymnasium, Meran; Lyceum in Innsbruck; Seminary of Trent, Trent (philosophy and theology). Received the insignias of the clerical character and two of the minor orders (acolyte and lector), December 8, 1845; the other minor orders (ostiarian and exorcist), November 29, 1846; subdiaconate, June 29, 1847; diaconate, July 4, 1847.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 21, 1848. For one year, cooperator for one year in Moos; for eleven years, cooperator in the parish of Sarntheim, Trent; for three years spiritual director of the monastery of Sankt Benedikt in Säben in Brixen; pastor in Layen; pro-vicar of the German portion of the diocese of Trent, 1871-1874.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Adraa and appointed auxiliary of Trent, August 14, 1874. Consecrated, October 14, 1874, Salzburg, by Cardinal Maximilian Joseph von Tarnóczy, archbishop of Salzburg. Vicar capitular, 1879. Auxiliary of Salzburg and provost of its cathedral chapter, 1880. Elected to the metropolitan see of Salzburg by the cathedral chapter, May 20, 1890, confirmed by the Pope, June 26, 1890. The archbishops of Salzburg have the title of Primas Germaniæ since 1648.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 29, 1895; received red hat and title of S. Bartolommeo all'Isola, June 25, 1896.

Death. May 5, 1900, Salzburg. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Salzburg.

Birth. March 2, 1834, Calanda, archdiocese of Zaragoza, Spain.

Early life. Joined the military entering the School of Artillery of Segovia in 1846. In 1856, lieutenent in the Fifth Cavalry Regiment. In 1857, retired, with the rank of captain, to pursue his ecclesiastical studies.

Education. Licentiate in theology and canon law. (No further educational information found).

Priesthood. Ordained, 1861. Canon treasurer of the cathedral chapter of Zaragoza. Archdeacon of the archdiocese of Toledo. Dean of the archdiocese of Burgos.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Dora, March 27, 1882 (1). Consecrated, June 4, 1882, Madrid, by Angelo Bianchi (2), titular archbishop of Mira, nuncio in Spain, assisted by Victoriano Guisasola y Rodríguez, bishop of Orihuela, and by Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás, bishop of Avila. Transferred to the see of Calahorra y La Calzada, March 27, 1884. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Valladolid, December 17, 1891.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 29, 1895; received red hat and title of S. Eusebio, June 25, 1896. Opted for title of S. Agostino, March 24, 1898. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Zaragoza, April 18, 1901.

Death. July 27, 1901, Calahorra. Exposed in the cathedral of Calahorra and buried in Calanda.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 49; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 38, 46, 48, 170, 250 and 580.

Birth. March 29, 1834, Genoa. His baptismal name was Giovanni Antonio Benedetto. Received the sacrament of confirmation, April 14, 1846.

Education. Entered the Order of Discalced Carmelites at sixteen and took the name Girolamo Maria of the Immaculate Conception, November 7, 1850; religious profession, Carmelite novitiate of the province of Genoa, Loano, diocese of Albenga, November 12, 1851.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 20, 1856, Albenga. Lector of philosophy and theology in the Carmelite monastery, Genora; instructor in mathematics at the Royal School for naval cadets, Genoa. Adviser to the general of his order at the First Vatican Council, 1870; elected procurator general of his order, April 1872; superior general of his order, October 1881; reelected, May 1889. Counselor to the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, Oriental Affairs, 1884; to the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars; to the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office; apostolic examiner of the Roman clergy.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Petra, March 22, 1892. Consecrated, March 27, 1892, Rome, by Cardinal Lucio Maria Parocchi. Internuncio in Brazil, April 19, 1892.

Birth. July 27, 1829, Paray-le Monial, diocese of Autun, France.

Education. Seminary of Autun, Autun.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1854. Parochial vicar in the diocese of Autun. In the archdiocese of Aix, pastoral work; secretary to the archbishop; professor of dogmatic theology and dean of the theological faculty.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Euroa and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Clermont Ferrand, July 15, 1878, Consecrated, August 24, 1878, cathedral of Aix, by Théodore-Augustine Forcade, archbishop of Aix, assisted by Julien Meirieux, bishop of Digne, and by Adolphe Perraud, bishop of Autun. Succeeded to the see of Clermont Ferrand, December 24, 1879. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Bourges, January 19, 1893.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 29, 1895; received red hat and title of SS. Trintà al Monte Pincio, June 25, 1896.

Death. December 16, 1896, Bourges. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Bourges.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 209-210.

Birth. November 20, 1827, Bologna. Received the sacrament of confirmation, November 11, 1835.

Education. Seminary of Bologna, Bologna (doctorate in theology, July 11, 1851); University of Bologna, Bologna (doctorate in utroque iuris, both civil and canon law, July 6, 1855).

Priesthood. Ordained, May 25, 1850. In the archdiocese of Bologna, 1853-1879, chaplain of the major hospital, 1853; judge of ecclesiastical causes; counselor and chancellor of the ecclesiastical curia; pro-vicar general. Honorary chamberlain of His Holiness.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Ancona e Umana, May 12, 1879. Consecrated, May 22, 1879, Rome, by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta.

Birth. September 5, 1834, Barcelona, Spain.

Education. Seminary of Barcelona, Barcelona; University of Valencia, Valencia (licentiate in theology, 1857).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 18, 1858. In the diocese of Barcelona, curate economous of the parish of Our Lady of the Pino for several years; professor and rector of its seminary; canon administrator of the cathedral chapter. Appointed apostolic administrator, sede plena, of Urgel, January 18, 1879.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Ceramus, February 7 (1), 1879. Consecrated, March 23, 1879, cathedral of Barcelona, by José María Urquinaona y Vidot, bishop of Barcelona, assisted by Tomás Sivilla y Gener, bishop of Gerona, and by Tomás Costa y Fornaguera, bishop of Lérida. Transferred to the see of Urgel, September 22, 1879. Senator for the ecclesiastical province of Tarragona.

Birth. July 25, 1833, Santiago, Chile. Son of Ramón Casanova and Isabel Casanova. Son of Juan Ramón Casanova Opazo e Isabel Casanova Salinas.

Education. Entered the Conciliar Seminary of Santiago, Santiago, July 10, 1846; taught humanities at the seminary, 1852-1856. Received the diploma of law, 1851.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1856. Professor of the Seminary of Santiago, April 8, 1857 until 1868; taught philosophy, theology, morals and canon law. On July 22, 1860 he founded the Academia Literaria de San Agustín, where a large number of the future ecclesiastical writers, orators, and polemicists as well as Chilean parliamentarians were formed. Professor of the Faculty of Theology of the University of Chile, August 1859. Traveled to Europe for a year, 1865-1866; he had an audience with Pope Pius IX. Traveled to Perú as member of the commission in charge of repatriating the remains of General Bernardo O'Higgins, which arrived in Valparaíso on January 13, 1869. Pastor of the parish of Santísimo Salvador in Valparaíso and vicar foráneo, June 22, 1868. Founded the Seminary of Valparaíso, June 2, 1869. Ecclesiastical governor of Valparaíso, November 2, 1872. When Archbishop Rafael Valentín Valdivieso of Santiago died on June 8, 1878, there was a conflict over the appointment of his successor; it lasted until Pope Leo XIII accepted the nomination of Msgr. Casanova made by President José Manuel Balmaceda, who had been his student at Academia San Agustín.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Santiago, December 3, 1886. Consecrated, January 30, 1887, cathedral of Santiago, by Joaquín Larraín Gandarillas, titular bishop of Martiropoli, auxiliary and vicar capitular of Santiago, assisted by two priests. One of his first decisions was to send two young seminarians, Gilberto Fuenzalida Guzmán and José María Caro Rodríguez, future first cardinal of Chile, to study at Colegio Pío Latino Americano of Rome. Established the Catholic University of Santiago on June 21, 1888. Also, he founded the Instituto de Humanidades and the Escuela Normal de Preceptores; and ordered the establishment of parochial schools. In a letter dated October 25, 1888, he suggested to Pope Leo XIII the convenience of calling a continental council of all the peoples of Latin America; the letter marked the beginning of the process that culminated with the celebration of the Plenary Council of Latin America in Rome in 1899; dean of the archbishops who attended the council; he presided the first solemn session on May 28, 1899 and the first general congregation on May 29; towards the end of that congregation, he had to leave because of illness, leaving the presidency to Bernardo Herrera Restrepo, archbishop of Bogotá. During the civil war of 1890, he tried to mediate between the parties and avoid bloodshed; he opposed the participation of the clergy in favor of any of the two sides. He visited the ninety parishes of the archdiocese and established thirty two new ones; he restored the cathedral of Santiago, adding to it the chapel of the Most Holy Sacrament; brought to Chile several religious orders such as the Salesians, the Piarists, the Discalced Carmelites, and the Little Sisters of the Poor. Celebrated in 1895 the synod that set up the pastoral guidelines for the archdiocese. In 1898, he conducted the second pastoral visitation to the archdiocese. In 1904, he organized the First National Eucharistic Congress, which was celebrated the following year.

Cardinalate. Pope Leo XIII planned to promote Archbishop Casanova to the cardinalate, but several newspapers and members of the Church of Perú objected, alleging that the primate of South America was the archbishop of Lima and he was the one who should be named cardinal; the Holy See abandoned the idea to avoid a conflict between Perú and Chile (1); they also objected to the celebration of the council in Santiago and, eventually, it was held in Rome.

Death. May 16, 1908, Santiago. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Gaudiano, Pedro. "Presidentes, relatores y miembros del Concilio Plenario de América Latina", in Los Ultimos Cien Años de la Evangelización en América Latina : centenario del Concilio Plenario de América Latina : simposio histórico, Ciudad del Vaticano, 21-25 de junio de 1999 : actas = Os Ultimos Cem Anos da Evangelização na América Latina : centenário do Concmlio Plenário da Amirica Latina. Edición: Pontificia Comisió para América Latina; ccordinació, Luis Ferrogiaro and Victor Manuel ochoa Cadavid. Ciudad del Vaticano : Libreria editrice vaticana, Year: 2000, pp. 733-784; Ibacache, Misael Camus. "La préparation et la convocation du concile plénier d'Amérique latine célébré à Rome en 1899, in: Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique, (1998), 66-82; Retamal Avila, Julio. Monsñor Mariano Casanova Casanova, 1886-1908 : tercer arzobispo de Santiago. Santiago : Editorial Salesiana, 1981. (Serie Arzobispo de Santiago); Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, p. 314.