Birth. January 8, 1831, Montescourt-Lizerolles, diocese of Soissons, France.

Education. Minor Seminary of Compiègne, Compiègne; Major Seminary of Beauvais, Beauvais.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 24, 1855, Compiègne. Faculty member, Minor Seminary, Dijon, 1855-1858; vicar of the cathedral of Beauvais, 1858-1872; chaplain in the French Army during the Franco-German War; pastor of the church of Saint-Antoine, Compiègne, 1872-1886.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Dijon, June 10, 1886. Consecrated, July 11, 1886, church of Saint-Antoine, Compiègne, by Joseph-Majence Péronne, bishop of Beauvais, assisted by François de Forges, titular bishop of Taenaros and auxiliary bishop of Rennes, and by François Douboin, titular bishop of Rafanea. Promoted to metropolitan see of Bordeaux, June 26, 1890.

Birth. February 8, 1834, Naples.

Education. Entered the Congregation of the Regular Clerics of St. Paul. (No schooling information found).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 6, 1857. For many years lector of theology in the Roman college of his order; general procurator of his order, 1877-1891. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, December 31, 1891 (or January 8, 1892).

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarea in Palestina, March 29, 1892. Consecrated, April 3, 1892, Rome, by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, Theat.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 12, 1893; received red hat and title of Ss. Quirico e Giulitta, June 15, 1893.

Death. January 8, 1896, Rome. Exposed in the church of Ss. Carlo e Biagio ai Catinari, Rome, and buried in the tomb of the Congregation of the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Birth. December 9, 1827, Lubro, parish of Saint-Étienne-de-Lugdarès, diocese of Viviers, France.

Education. Joined the Institute of the Oratory of St. Philip of Neri. Doctorate in theology (1857); doctorate in letters (1858). (No further schooling information found).

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1851, Paris. Professor of canon law for ten years, La Sorbonne University; secretary of the archbishop of Tours; examiner of the ordinants, Paris; vicar general of Algiers and of Périgueaux.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Rodez, October 27, 1871. Consecrated, November 30, 1871, church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, by Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Jean-Paul Lyonnet, archbishop of Albi, and by Nicolas-Joseph Dabert, bishop of Périgueaux. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, February 13, 1880.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 12, 1893; received red hat and title of S. Maria Nuova e S. Francesca in Foro Romano, May 21, 1894.

Death. July 10, 1896, Rodez. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Rodez.

Bibliography. "Bourret (Joseph-Christian-Ernest)", La Grande Encyclopédie, inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres et des arts, par une société de savants et de gens de lettres. 31 vols. Paris : Larousse, 1886-1902, VII, 816; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 207-208.

Birth. March 27, 1824, Uj-Arad, diocese of Csanad, Hungary. His first name is also listed as Lorenz, Laurenz and Lörincz. Received the sacrament of confirmation, May 8, 1835.

Education. Initial studies in Szegedin; University of Budapest, Hungary (doctorate in theology, January 30, 1847); received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders, December 15, 1846; subdiaconate, December 21, 1846; diaconate, January 2, 1847.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 3, 1847. In the diocese of Csanad, he was curate in Gross-S. Micklos, Oravica, Pecka and Temesvár. cooperator in several parishes for five years; In 1850, he was named professor of dogmatic theology, ecclesiastical history and canon law at the Seminary of Csanad. Pastor in Merczyfalva, 1859-1869; and in Gyarnatha, 1869-1872. Provost of the cathedral chapter of Csanad, 1872-1873. Provost of the cathedral chapter of Szatmár or Szathmar, July 24, 1873.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Szatmár (now Satu Mare, Romania), July 25, 1873; he had been nominated by the emperor on March 17, 1873. Consecrated, September 21, 1873, Esztergom, by János Simor, archbishop of Esztergom, assisted by George Schoppe, bishop of Rozsnyó, by János Pauer, titular bishop of Olipo, auxiliary of Szekesfehervar, and by Joseph Szabó, titular bishop of Nilopoli, auxiliary of Esztergom. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, July 30, 1886. Presented by the emperor for the diocese of Nagyvárad of the Latins (now Orea Mare or Gran Varadino, Romania), on April 8, 1887; he was transferred to that see on May 26, 1887.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 12, 1893; received red hat and title of S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni, May 21, 1894. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1897. He was an eloquent orator; and as a member of the imperial senate, he defended the Catholic interests.

Death. July 10, 1902, Nagyvárad (Grosswardein). Exposed in the cathedral of Nagyvárad, where the funeral took place, and buried there. His body was later taken to Timisoara (Temesvár), and according to his will, buried in the Schalauch family crypt, next to his father.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903. Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 206, no. 142; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les potificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche = Gratianus series. Série Instruments de recherche; Variation: Collection Gratianus.; Série Instruments de recherche), p. 858-859; "Nérologie. Cardinaux." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1903. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1903, p. 567-568; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 37, 48, 359 and 532.

Birth. June 2, 1835, Riese, diocese of Treviso. Son of Giambattista Sarto and Margherita Sanson. Baptized, June 3, 1835, Riese; his baptismal name was Giuseppe Melchior. Received the sacrament of confirmation on September 1, 1848.

Education. Seminary of Padua, Padua. Received the insignias of the clerical character, September 20, 1851; minor orders, December 22, 1855 and June 6, 1857; subdiaconate, September 19, 1857; diaconate, February 27, 1858.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 18, 1858, Castelfranco, by Giovanni Antonio Farina, bishop of Treviso. In the diocese of Treviso, chaplain at Tombolo, 1858-1867; archpriest of Salzano, 1867-1875; canon of the cathedral chapter, 1875; spiritual director and rector of the seminary; examiner of the clergy; vicar-general; primicerius of the cathedral, 1879; for nine years spiritual director of its seminary; chancellor of the episcopal curia; prosynodal examiner; vicar capitular December 1879 - June 1880.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Mantua, November 10, 1884. Consecrated, November 16, 1884, in the church of S. Apollinare, Rome, by Cardinal Lucido Maria Parocchi, vicar of Rome, assisted by Pietro Rota, titular archbishop of Tebe, and by Giovanni Maria Berengo, archbishop of Udine. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, June 19, 1891.