Birth. July 3, 1811, Avella, diocese of Nola, Kingdom of Sicily. Son of Bartolomeo D'Avanzo, a physician, and Caterina Buvelli.

Education. Seminary of Nola, Nola; Royal University of Naples, Naples (doctorate in theology, September 28, 1842). Received the sacrament of confirmation, the insignias of the clerical character, and the minor orders, June 13, 1829.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1834. In the diocese of Nola, professor of dogmatic theology and Hebrew of its seminary; collaborator of the periodical La Scienza e la Fede; canon of its cathedral chapter; prosynodal examiner and judge; revisor of books and moral cases; visited the entire diocese; secretary of Accademia di Religione Cattolica.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Castellaneta, March 18, 1851. Consecrated, March 28, 1851, Rome, by Cardinal Costantino Patrizi. Transferred to the see of Calvi e Teano, July 13, 1860. Apostolic administrator of Castellaneta e Mottola, 1860-1863. Victim of an attempt on his life, August 13, 1860; one of the bullets hit his pectoral cross and thus saved him from what would have been a fatal wound. Because of the attempt and the political situation, sectarianism and anticlericalism of the time, could not return to his diocese and resided in the Capuchin convent in Sorrento until 1867. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, November 13, 1866. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870.

Birth. April 15, 1816, Aldein (or Aldino), diocese of Trent, Sudtirol, Austria. Of a poor family. Son of Pellegrino Franzelin and Anna Wieser.

Education. Franciscan Gymnasium, Bozano. Entered the Society of Jesus, July 27, 1834, novitiate of Graz. Higher studies and teaching in Tarnapol and Lemberg, Austrian Poland; Collegio Romano, Rome (theology, 1845); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; had to leave because of the 1848 Revolution; Clifford Castle, Ugbrook, Devonshire, England.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1849, Le Puy, France. Professor of dogma, and lecturer on Arabic, Syriac, and Chaldean, Collegio Romano, 1850-1853; prefect of studies, Collegio Germanico, 1853-1857; and later, dogmatic theology, Collegio Romano, 1857-1876. Consultor of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, April 23, 1869. Papal theologian in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870; made a considerable contribution to the drafting of the constitution "De fide catholica". Consultor of the SS.CC. of Propaganda Fide, Tridentine Council, Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and qualificatore of the Holy Office. Highly recognized theologian who published extensively.