(49) 1. LA TOUR D'AUVERGNE-LAURAGUAIS, Hugues-Robert-Jean-Charles de (1768-1851)
Birth. August 14, 1768, Castle of Auzeville, diocese of Toulous, France.
Education. Saint-Sulpice Seminary, Paris.
Priesthood. Ordained, June 24, 1792. Vicar of Amiens.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Arras, May 6, 1802. Consecrated, Sunday May 16, 1802, church of Saint-Roch, Paris, by Jean-Baptiste Bessuéjouls de Roquelaure, archbishop of Mechelen, assisted by Jean-Baptiste de Maillé, bishop of Rennes, and by Étienne Fallot de Beaumont, bishop of Gand..
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 23, 1839. Declined the nomination to the metropolitan see of Paris, 1840. Received the red hat, February 12, 1846; and the title of S. Agnese fuoir le mura, April 16, 1846. Did not participate in the conclave of 1846, which elected Pope Pius IX.
Death. July 20, 1851, Arras. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Arras.
Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 371-371; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 31, 39 and 93.
(50) 2. MASTAI FERRETTI, Giovanni Maria (1792-1878)
Birth. May 13, 1792, Senigaglia. Ninth child of Count Girolamo Mastai Ferretti and Caterina Sollazzi. Baptized on the same day of his birth, his full name was Giovanni Maria Giambattista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro.
Education. Piarist College, Volterra (classical education, 1802-1809); went to Rome to study philosophy and theology but had to leave in 1810 because of the political disturbances; returned in 1814; asked for admission to the Papal Noble Guard; because of epileptic seizures, was refused admission; Roman Seminary, Rome (theology, 1814-1818). His epileptic condition disappeared.
Priesthood. Ordained, April 10, 1819, Rome. Spiritual director of the orphan asylum Tata Giovanni, Rome. As auditor of the apostolic delegation in Chile, 1823-1825. In Rome, canon of S. Maria in Via Lata; director of San Michele hospital.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Spoleto, May 21, 1827. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, June 1, 1827. Consecrated, June 3, 1827, church of San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Xaverio Castiglioni, bishop of Frascati, assisted by Giacomo Sinibaldi, titular Archbishop of Damietta and by Antonio Piatti, titular archbishop of Trebisonda. Transferred to the see of Imola, with personal title of archbishop, December 17, 1832.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of December 23, 1839; published in the consistory of December 14, 1840; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Marcellino e Pieto, December 17, 1840. Participated in the conclave of 1846 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected Pope Pius IX, June 16, 1846, Quirinal Palace, Rome. Cardinal Karl Kajetan Gaisruck, archbishop of Milan, arrived after the election, thus too late to present the veto of Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria against him. Crowned, June 21, 1846, Rome. Resigned the pastoral government of the diocese of Imola, June 21, 1846. Took possession of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, November 9, 1846. Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, December 8, 1854. Celebrated the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870, which had to be interrupted because of the Franco-Prussian War; during the council, the dogma of papal infallibility was defined. Lost the territory of the Papal States because of the unification of the Kingdom of Italy, 1870-1871. Created 123 cardinals. Longest pontificate after St. Peter's.
Death. February 7, 1878, Vatican. Exposed and buried, on February 13, 1878, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica; On July 13, 1881, his remains were transferred to the basilica of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura, Rome. The diocesan process of his beatification was started on February 11, 1907 by Pope Pius X; he was beatified by Pope John Paul II on September 3, 2000, together with Pope John XXIII; his feast is celebrated on February 7.
Bibliography. Chiron, Yves. Pie IX, pape moderne. Bitche : Clovis, 1995; Hasler, August. How the pope became infallible : Pius IX and the politics of persuasion. Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday, 1981. Translation of Wie der Papst unfehlbar wurde. Introd. by Hans Küng ; translated by Peter Heinegg; Kelly, John Norman Davidson, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 309-311; Martina, Giacomo. "Pio IX, beato." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, III, 560-575; Parocchi, Lucido M. Pio IX caro a Dio e agli uomini. A cura di Antonio Piolanti. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1986; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 31, 42, 223 and 351; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 3-23; Serafini, Alberto. Pio Nono: Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, dalla giovinezza alla morte nei suoi scritti e discorsi editi e inetiti.. 2 vols. Città del Vaticano : Poliglotta Vaticana, 1958. Contents: v. 1. Le vie della divina provvidenza (1792-1846).--v. 2. Il Pontificato (1846-1878); Thornton, Francis Beauchesne. Cross upon cross. The life of Pope Pius IX. New York : Benziger Brothers, 1955.
Links. Biography, in English; another biography also in English; his episcopal lineage, in English; portrait, arms and biographical information, in English; his portrait; his photograph in color; his photodraw, The University of Texas at Austin Library, Austin, United States of America; his effigy on a coin, 1870; his effigy on a medal, ca. 1850; his effigy on a medal commemorating the First Vatican Council, 1870; his portrait by Giovanni Battista Roberti, Collezione Cianfarani, Rome; gallery of photographs and biography, in Italian; his praying statue by Giacometti, the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome; his lithograph by H. Jessen; his portrait, in Arcadia Cleomene Metapeo, Museo di Roma, Palazzo Braschi, Rome; his engraving by Antonio Schiassi; illustrations and biography, in Italian, Istituto di Studi Storici Beato Pio IX, Rome; his portrait; and his tomb, basilica of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura, Rome.
(51) 3. PIANETTI, Gaspare Bernardo (1780-1862)
Birth. February 7, 1780, Iesi.
Education. Collegio Nazareno, Rome, 1789; University of Macerata, Macerata (doctorate in utroque iuris, both civil and canon law, December 6, 1803); Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1804.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 31, 1804. Vice-governor of Rome in three different occasions. Protonotary apostolic de numero participantium. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Viterbo e Toscanella (now Tuscania), July 3, 1826. Consecrated, August 15, 1826, by Pope Leo XII.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of December 23, 1839; published in the consistory of December 14, 1840; received the red hat and the title of S. Sisto, December 17, 1840. Participated in the conclave of 1846, which elected Pope Pius IX. Resigned pastoral government of the diocese, March 4, 1861. Secretary of Apostolic Briefs, March 18, 1861. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals. March 18, 1861. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Equestrian Orders.
Death. January 30, 1862, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Andrea delle Fratte, Rome, and buried, according to his will, in the church of S. Salvatore in Lauro.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 31, 44 and 398; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, p. 62.
(52) 4. VANNICELLI CASONI, Luigi (1801-1877)
Birth. April 16, 1801, Amelia, diocese of Terni. Of a patrician family. Son of Count Giovanni Vannicelli and Countess Maria Venturelli-Casoni. Relative of Cardinals Lorenzo Casoni (1706), and Filippo Casoni (1801).
Education. Seminary of Terni, Terni; studied philosophy and theology in Rome with the priests della Missione.
Early life. Papal prelate, 1829. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 18, 1829. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace; later, voter. Consultor of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, 1834. Abbreviatore di parco maggiore. Protonotary apostolic. Vice-commissary of the four legations, with residence in Bologna, 1835; later, pro-legate in Bologna until 1838. Pro-legate in Ravenna, 1836. Pro-governor of Rome,1838. Governor of Rome, vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and director general of police, September 13, 1838.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of December 23, 1839; published in the consistory of January 24, 1842; received red hat and the title of S. Callisto, January 27, 1842. Apostolic legate in the province of Forlì for three years, September 13, 1842. Apostolic legate in Bologna, April 30, 1844 until 1845. Participated in the conclave of 1846, which elected Pope Pius IX. President of the Census Office, 1847. Opted for the title of S. Prassede, October 4, 1847. Together with Cardinals Gabrielle della Genga Sermattei and Ludovico Altieri, member of the triumvirate that governed Rome between July 1, 1849 and April 1850.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Ferrara, May 20, 1850. Consecrated, May 26, 1850, by Pope Pius IX in the Sistine Chapel. Secretary of Memorials, December 21, 1867. Participated in the First Vatican Council, 1869-1870. Pro-datary of His Holiness, November 8, 1870 until his death.
Death. April 21, 1877, dalla febbre, con difficultà di respiro, Rome. Exposed and buried in the church of Ss. Vincenzo ed Anastasia alle Tre Fontane, Rome, where his funeral took place on April 23, 1877. His remains were later buried in the crypt that he had built in the church of S. Maria de' Pini, Lugano (1).
Bibliography. Aloisio Vannicellio Casonio : S.R.E. Cardinal amplissimo prodatario SS. Papae PII IX, Ferrariaeque archiepiscopo optime merito. Ferrariae : Dominici Taddei et Filiorum, 1875; Borelli, L. Il cardinale Luigi Vannicelli Casoni aricvescovo di Ferrara. Ferrara : 1881; Capogrossi Guarna, Baldassare. Cenni storici del cardinale Lugi Vannicelli Casoni. Estratto dalla Rivista del Collegio Araldico, Dicembre 1904. Rome : Collegio Araldico, 1904; Del Re, Niccolò. Monsignor governatore di Roma. Rome : Istituto di Studi Romani Editore, 1972, p. 126; Nel pontificale giubileo dell'eminentissimo cardinale Luigi Vannicelli Casoni : il Seminario-Collegio. Bologna : Tip. Pont. Mareggiani, 1875; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 32 and 41; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 52 and 270.
(1) This is the epitaph on the tombstone:
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