(73) 1. DELLA SOMAGLIA, Giulio Maria (1744-1830)
Birth. July 29, 1744, Piacenza. The family was inscribed in the patriciates of Piacenza and Milan; it was related to the Capece family of Naples and was an ally of the family of Pope Sixtus V. Son of Carlo Maria Capece Anguillara, baron Della Somaglia, and Countess Marianna Fenaroli. Baptized by Cardinal Giulio Alberoni and named after him. When he was twelve years old, he was sent to Rome and destined to the ecclesiastical state.
Education. Collegio Nazzareno, Rome, 1756-1764; La Sapienza University (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).
Early life. Privy chamberlain of Pope Clement XIV in 1769. Entered the Roman prelature as domestic prelate of His Holiness and referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace on March 20, 1773. Pope Pius VI named him successively voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Sgnature of Grace, protonotary apostolic non participantium, and prelate of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council. Secretary of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics, March 25, 1775. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, 1784. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, 1787 until his promotion to the cardinalate. Prelate adjunct of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, 1784.
Priesthood. Ordained, June 2, 1787. Examiner of the professors newly promoted to academic chairs.
Episcopate. Elected titular patriarch of Antioch, December 15, 1788. Consecrated, December 21, 1788, in the church of S. Carlo ai Catinari, Rome, by Cardinal Hyacinthe-Sigismond Gerdil, B., assisted by Nicola Buschi, titular archbishop of Efeso, and by Pierluigi Galletti, titular bishop of Cirene.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 1, 1795; received the red hat and the title of S. Sabina, September 22, 1795. On September 22, 1795, he was named vicar general of Rome, occupying the post until 1818; also, prefect of the S.C. of the Residence of Bishops and prefect of the Collegio e Seminario Romano. Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, July 24, 1797 until January 29, 1798. In February 1798, he was sent by Pope Pius VI in a mission to General Berthier to try to stop his advance with a French army toward Rome; realized that the attempt was useless and on his return alerted Cardinals Romoaldo Braschi Onesti and Giuseppe Albani of the danger of being arrested; they both fled to safety but he was arrested and imprisoned in the Monastery of Convertite, and later expelled from Rome by the French authorities. Participated in the conclave of 1799-1800, celebrated in Venice, which elected Pope Pius VII. Confirmed by the new Pope Pius VII as vicar of Rome before April 2, 1800. He was sent by the pope as his legate a latere to Rome together with two other cardinals to take possession of the government of the city; he arrived on June 7, 1800 and prepared the solemn entrance of the pope in his freed capital on July 3, 1800. He was charged with the examination of the concordat with France. Prefect of the S.C. of Rites, October 30, 1800. Opted for the title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, July 20, 1801. Named protector of the Order Cistercense before July 24, 1824. He was one of the fourteen cardinals expelled from Rome by the French authorities on March 23, 1808. Called to Paris by Napoléon, he was exiled to Charleville; refused to attend Napoléon's wedding to Archduchess Maria-Louise of Austria, celebrated on April 2, 1810; he was one of the thirteen "black cardinals", prohibited by Napoleon to wear the red cardinalitial habit. He was relegated to Mézières together with Cardinal Giovanni Filippo Scotti Gallaratti until he was recalled after the signature of the concordat of Fontainebleau by Pope Pius VII on January 25, 1813. He was reunited with the pope and then exiled again to Draguignan on January 27, 1814. An order of the provisional government freed him on April 2, 1814 and he went to Rome. After the restoration of the papal government, he was named by Pope Pius VII secretary of the Supreme S.C. of the Universal and Roman Inquisition on May 20, 1814; he occupied the post until his death. Confirmed as archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica before August 3, 1814. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, September 26, 1814. During the trip of the pope to Genoa, March 22 to June 7, 1815, he governed Rome as president of the Giunta di Stato. Vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, commendatario of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, and Sommista of the Apostolic Letters, October 2, 1818 until his death. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, December 21, 1818. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and prefect of the S.C. Ceremonial May 10, 1820. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri, May 29, 1820. Participated in the conclave of 1823, which elected Pope Leo XII. Secretary of State, September 28, 1823 to January 17, 1828. Pro-prefect of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, January 23, 1824 until October 1, 1826. Librarian of the Holy Roman Church, October 1, 1826 until his death. Participated in the conclave of 1829, which elected Pope Pius VIII.
Death. April 2, 1830, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, where the funeral took place; buried in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva. Last surviving cardinal of Pope Pius VI.
Bibliography. Boutry, Philippe. Souverain et Pontife : recherches prosopographiques sur la curie romaine à l'âge de la restauration, 1814-1846. Rome : École française de Rome, 2002, pp. 363-365; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 38, 49, 56 and 87; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 37, 38, 39, 41 and 43.
Links. Biography, in Italian; his episcopal lineage, in English; and his portrait by Vincenzo Milione, Museo di Roma, Rome.
SANCLEMENTE, O.S.B. Cam., Enrico (1732-1815)
Birth. 1732, (no place found).
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict Camaldolese (no further educational information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Abbot general of his order. Entered the service of the Roman Curia as consultor of the S.C. of Rites, ca. 1768. Named by Pope Pius VI secretary of the S.C. for the Examination of Bishops on March 30, 1789. Named consultor of the S.C. of the Holy Office before November 7, 1795.
Cardinalate. According to Boutry, Souverain et Pontife, p. 627, Pope Pius VI considered promoting him to the cardinalate but the elevation never took place. He published De vita et rebus gestis Ferdinandi Romualdi Guiccioli ... cemmentarius (Venice, 1764); De vulgaris aeræ emendatione libri quatuor (Romae : Typis Joannis Zempel, 1793); De nummo M. Tulii Ciceronis a magnetibus Lydiæ cum eius imagine signato dissertatio, qua ipsius incorrupta vetustas asseritur, et vindicatur (Romae : typis V. Poggioli, 1805); De classensi et regio neapolitano M. Tulii Ciceronis numinate Magnesiæ Lydiæ non quædam monumenta (Romae, 1807); Musei Sanclementiani numismata selecta regum, populorum et urbium, præcipue imperatorum romanorum, græca, ægyptiaca et coloniarum illustrata, libri III cum figuris, additio De epochis, libro IV (Romae: Typis Vincentii Poggioli, 1808-1809, 4 volumes); Series critico-cronologica episcoporum cremoniensium (Cremonae : J. Feraboli, 1814).
Death. June 1815, Rome. Buried (no information found).
Bibliography. Ala Ponzoni, Giuuseppe. Sulla emendazione dell'era volgare del signor abate Enrico Sanclemente. Cremona : [s. n.], 1811; Boutry, Philippe. Souverain et Pontife : recherches prosopographiques sur la curie romaine à l'âge de la restauration, 1814-1846. Rome : École française de Rome, 2002, p. 627; Cattaneo, Gaetano ; Sanclemente, Enrico. La corrispondenza tra Gaetano Cattaneo ed Enrico Sanclemente, 1810-1814. Milano : Comune di Milano, Settore cultura e spettacolo, Raccolte archeologiche e numismatiche, 1993. (Biblioteca archeologica).
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