(11) 1. HONORATI, Bernardino (1724-1807)
Birth. July 17, 1724, Iesi. Baptized on that same day. His last name is also listed as Onorati. Son of Marquis Giuseppe Honorati, from Iesi, and Maria Anna Cima, noblewoman from Rimini.
Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, February 10, 1749).
Early life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, July 7, 1749. Domestic prelate of Pope Benedict XIV. Relator of the Sacred Consulta and of the S.C. of Good Government. Vice-legate in Romagna, January 13, 1755 until October 1756. Governor of Loreto, January 28, 1758 until December 19, 1759.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 31, 1759.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Side, January 28, 1760. Consecrated, February 25, 1760, Loreto, by Giovanni Antonio Bacchettoni, bishop of Loreto and Recanati. Nuncio in Florence, April 24, 1760. Nuncio in Venice, November 20, 1766. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 23, 1777; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, July 28, 1777. Transferred to the see of Senigalli, with personal title of archbishop, July 28, 1777. Participated in the conclave of 1799-1800, which elected Pope Pius VII.
Death. August 12, 1807, Senigallia. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Senigallia.
(12) 2. MARCOLINI, Marcantonio (1721-1782)
Birth. November 22, 1721, Fano. Baptized on that same day. Of a noble family.
Education. Collegio di San Carlo, Modena, October 22, 1732; Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, 1740; La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, July 3, 1742).
Early life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. Economous and secretary of the Reverend Fabric of St. Peter's.
Priesthood. Ordained, February 27, 1768.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tessalonica, June 12, 1769. Consecrated, June 29, 1769, Frascati, by Cardinal Henry Benedict Mary Stuart, duke of York. Nuncio in Florence, August 23, 1769. Secretary of the Sacred Consulta, February 16, 1771. Auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber, May 18, 1773. President of Urbino, May 2, 1775.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 23, 1777; received the red hat and the title of S. Onofrio, July 28, 1777.
Death. June 18, 1782, Fano. Exposed in the cathedral of Fano and buried in his family's chapel in the church of the Fathers Filippini.
Bibliography. Bernabei, Nicola. Vita del Cardinale Giovanni Morone, vescovo di Modena e biografie dei cardinali modenesi e di Casa d'Este, dei cardinali vescovi di Modena e di quelli educati in questo Collegio di San Carlo. Modena : Tipografica Rossi, 1885, pp. 301.
(13) 3. PALLOTTA, Guglielmo (1727-1795)
Birth. November 13, 1727, Macerata. Other members of the family promoted to the cardinalate were Giovanni Evangelista Pallotta (1587); Giovanni Battista Maria Pallotta (1629); and his nephew Antonio Pallotta (1823).
Education. Studied hydraulics. Studied law in Rome. (No further educational information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Auditor of Cardinal Carlo Rezzonico. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Judge of the Reverend Fabric of St. Peter's. Domestic prelate. In the pontificate of Pope Clement XIV (1769-1774), Economous of the Reverend Fabric of St. Peter's. Secretary of the S.C. of Good Government. Treasurer general of the Apostolic Chamber from 1773; confirmed by Pope Pius VI.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 23, 1777; received the red hat and the title of S. Eusebio, July 28, 1777. Opted for the title of S. Maria degli Angeli, September 23, 1782. Prefect of the S.C. of Waters, Fountains and Canals. Prefect of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, July 1, 1785 - September 21, 1795. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 29, 1787.
Death. September 21, 1795, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria in Portico, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in that same church, according to his will.
Bibliography. Re, Nicola del. "I cardinali prefetti della sacra congregazione del concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII (1964), p. 130-131.
Links. His tomb in the church of S. Maria in Portico (Campitelli), Rome.
(14) 4. SALVIATI, Gregorio Antonio Maria (1727-1794)
Birth. December 12, 1727, Rome.
Education. (No information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Vice-legate in Avignon, 1760-1766. Auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 23, 1777; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria della Scala, July 28, 1777. Granted dispensation to be a cardinal deacon without receiving the minor orders, the subdiaconate, and the diaconate, August 27, 1777; dispensation extended for a triennium, April 21, 1780. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria in Cosmedin, September 27, 1780. Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Grace, November 10, 1780. Dispensation extended for another triennium, June 27, 1783; and May 12, 1786. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata, November 29, 1790. Cardinal protodeacon. Dispensation extended, January 24, 1792.
Death. August 5, 1794, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, where the funeral took place, and buried in that same church.
(15) 5. GIOANNETTI, O.S.B.Cam., Andrea (1722-1800)
Birth. January 6, 1722, Bologna.
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict, Camaldolese, in the monastery of Classe, near Ravenna, 1739; changed his baptismal name Melchiorre Benedetto Lucidoro to Andrea. (No further educational information found).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1744. Lector of philosophy in his order, December 19, 1748. Theologian of the archbishop of Ravenna, Ferdinando Romoaldo Guiccioli, June 15, 1753. Perpetual dean of his order in Romandiola, May 29, 1759. Abbot of the monastery of Classe, 1763. Lector of theology and abbot of the monastery of S. Gregorio al Monte Celio, Rome, 1773.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Emeria and appointed administrator of Bologna, January 29, 1776. Consecrated, February 4, 1776, Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albano. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Bologna, December 15, 1777.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of June 23, 1777; published in the consistory of June 23, 1777; received the red hat and the title of S. Pudenziana, March 30, 1778. Participated in the conclave of 1799-1800, which elected Pope Pius VII.
Death. April 8, 1800, Bologna. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Bologna.
Bibliography. Meluzzi, Luciano. I vescovi e gli arcivescovi di Bologna. Bologna : Grafica Emiliana, 1975. (Collana Storico-Ecclesiastica, 3), pp. 488-494.
Link. Biography, in Italian, and his portrait, at the University of Bologna.
(16) 6. GERDIL, C.R.S.P., Hyacinthe Sigismond (1718-1802)
Birth. June 23, 1718, Samoëns, diocese of Genève, Switzerland. The see of the diocese of Genève at that time was in Annency, Savoy and he was Savoyan.
Education. Entered the Congregation of the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (Barnabites), Annency, 1733, and changed his name Giovanni Francesco to Giacinto-Sigismondo. Studied theology in Bologna. Received the subdiaconate, May 27, 1741; diaconate, June 4, 1741. (No further educational information found).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 11, 1741. Lector of philosophy in Macerata. Lector of philosophy and moral theology in houses of study of his order and at the University of Turin. First provincial superior of his order in Savoyan Piedmontese Savoy, 1767; reelected, 1767. Preceptor of the prince-heir of Piedmont (later Charles Emmanuel IV). Synodal examiner of Turin. Consultor of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Dibona, February 17, 1777. Consecrated, March 2, 1777, in the church of S. Carlo ai Catinari, Rome, by Cardinal Marcantonio Colonna, vicar of Rome, assisted by Orazio Mattei, titular archbishop of Colosso, and by Francesco Antonio Marcucci, bishop of Montalto, and vicegerent of Rome. Corrector of the Oriental books.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of June 23, 1777; published in the consistory of December 15, 1777; received the red hat and the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, March 30, 1778 (1). Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, September 20, 1784. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 13, 1786. Prefect of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, February 27, 1795 until his death. After the invasion of Rome by the Frecnh in 1798, returned to the Abbey della Chiusa. Participated in the conclave of 1799-1800, which elected Pope Pius VII; Cardinal Franziskus Herzan von Harras presented the veto of Holy Roman Emperor Franz II against his election. Accompanied Pope Pius VII to Rome after his election in 1800. Prefect of the S.C. of the Index. A scholar of vast knowledge and a prolific writer, his works, written in Latin, Italian, and French, include subjects such as dogmatic and moral theology, canon law, philosophy, pedagogy, history, physical and natural sciences, and form twenty volumes in quarto edited in Rome, between 1806 and 1821.
Death. August 12, 1802, Rome. Exposed and buried in the church of S. Carlo ai Catinari, according to his will.
Bibliography. Burkle-Young, Francis A. Papal elections in the age of transition, 1878-1922. Lanham, MD : Lexington Books, 2000, p. 10.
Link. Biography, in English; and his episcopal lineage, in English.
(1) Some sources indicate that he had been created cardinal and reserved in pectore by Pope Clement XIV in the consistory of April 26, 1773.
(17) 7. MANCIFORTE SPERELLI, Giovanni Ottavio (1730-1781)
Birth. February 22, 1730, Assisi. Patrician from Ancona.
Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, November 26, 1754).
Priesthood. Ordained, September 7, 1755.Referendary of both Signatures. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Consultor of the Holy Office. Inquisitor in Malta.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Teodosia, June 17, 1771. Consecrated, June 23, 1771, Frascati, by Cardinal Henry Benedict Mary Stuart, duke of York. Nuncio in Florence, June 27, 1771. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, January 4, 1776. Prefect of the Apostolic Palace, May 24, 1776.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of June 23, 1777; published in the consistory of December 11, 1780; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, April 2, 1781.
Death. June 5, 1781, Rome. Exposed and buried in his title.
(18) 8. ALTIERI, Vincenzo Maria (1724-1800)
Birth. November 24, 1724, Rome. Son of Girolamo Altieri, principe of Oriolo and Diana, and nephew of Cardinals Lorenzo Altieri (1690) and Giovanni Battista Altieri (1724). Grand-nephew of Cardinal Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (1664).
Education. (No information found).
Sacred orders. Ordained (no information found). Protonotary apostolic, 1747. Prefect of the Papal Household.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of June 23, 1777; published in the consistory of December 11, 1780; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Giorgio in Velabro, April 2, 1781. Opted for the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, April 23, 1787. Opted for the deaconry of S. Eustachio, March 10, 1788. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata, September 12, 1794. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 29, 1798. Resigned cardinalate on March 12, 1798; the resignation was accepted by Pope Pius VI on September 7, 1798. On February 8, 1800, during the vacancy of the Apostolic See, he sent the retraction of his resignation to the dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; he died two days later.
Death. February 10, 1800, Rome. Exposed and buried in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome.
Link. His engraving by Tommaso Piroli, Museo di Roma, Rome.
Note. The pope created and reserved in pectore in this consistory two more cardinals but never published their names.
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