(26) 1. CÓRDOBA ESPÍNOLA DE LA CERDA, Buenaventura de (1724-1777)
Birth. March 23, 1724, Madrid, archdiocese of Toledo, Spain. Son of the duke of Medinacelli. He is also listed as Ventura Córdoba y la Cerda, Buenaventura Córdoba Espinosa de la Cerda, and Buenaventura Fernández de Córdoba Espinosa de la Cerda.
Education. Studied letters. Obtained a doctorate in theology. (No further educational information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Archdeacon of Talavera. Abbot of Rute and Oñate. Assistant to the King and Queen in the Royal Chapel in the absence of the chaplain. Pro-chaplain major and almoner major of the King of Spain.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Neocesarea and named patriarch of the West Indies, April 6, 1761. Consecrated, June 28, 1761, in the Royal Church of San Jerónimo, Madrid, by Manuel Quintano Bonifaz, titular archbishop of Farsalo, Inquisitor general for Spain, assisted by Manuel Murillo y Argáiz, bishop of Segovia, and by Andrés Cano y Junquera, titular bishop of Arad. Abbot nullius of Alcalá la Real. Judge of the Royal Chapel. Vicar general of the army and navy.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, June 26, 1769. Chancellor and principal minister of the Order of Carlos III when it was instituted in 1771. Did not participate in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI.
Death. May 6, 1777, Madrid. Buried in the middle of the church of Colegio Santo Tomás, Madrid. In his will, he ordered that his wealth be used to found a school for orphan boys and girls.
Bibliography. Goñi Gaztambide, José. Diccionario de historia eclesiástica de España. 4 vols and Supplement. Dirigido por Quintín Aldea Vaquero, Tomás Marín Martínez, José Vives Gatell. Madrid : Instituto Enrique Flórez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1972-1975; Suplemento (1987), suppl., 229; Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1700-1867). Españoles obispos en España, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 29), p. 88; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 22, 45, 244 and 305.
Link. His episcopal lineage, in English.
Birth. October 20, 1714, Trent. He was baptized with the names Christoph Bartholomäus Anton. He had the title of imperial count.
Education. School for pages at the residence of Cardinal Joseph Dominicus von Lamberg, prince bishop of Passau, 1723; Collegio Germanico, Rome; Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1727?; La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, July 29, 1736).
Priesthood. Ordained, April 7, 1738. Conclavist of Cardinal Lamberg in the conclave of 1740. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota for the German nation, 1745. Canon of the cathedral chapters of Brescia and Trent.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cartago and appointed coadjutor of Mechlin, with right of succession, September 20, 1751. Consecrated, October 10, 1751, Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni Antonio Guadagni, O.C.D. Named Austrian ambassador in Spain. Resigned coadjutorship, July 18, 1756. Elected bishop of Vácz, September 20, 1756. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Vienna, March 23, 1757. President of the academic commission to reform education, 1760; he tried to avoid the state monopoly in education and also to protect the Jesuits.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761. Administrator of Vácz, April 19, 1762. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1765. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV (1) Participated in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI. Received the red hat and the title of Ss. Quattri Coronati, April 3, 1775. Resigned the administration of Vácz, January 9, 1786 because of his disagreements with Emperor Joseph II. Did not participate in the conclave of 1799-1800, which elected Pope Pius VII.
Death. April 14, 1803, Vienna. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Vienna. Last surviving cardinal of Pope Clement XIII.
Bibliography. Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, 1648 bis 1803 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz, unter Mitwirkung von Stephan M. Janker. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 1990, p. 311; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23, 25, 43, 149, 282, 429 and 441.
Link. Biography, in English.
(1) According to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentoris Aevi, VI, 25, he was minime praesentes in conclavi.
(28) 3. CHOISEUL DE BEAUPRÉ, Antoine Clairiard de (1706-1774)
Birth. September 28, 1707, Castle of Daillecourt, diocese of Langres, France.
Education. Faculty of Paris, Paris (doctorate in theology).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Vicar general of the diocese of Mende.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Besançon, March 17, 1755. Consecrated (no information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761; the red biretta was sent to him by papal brief of November 27, 1761; he never received the red hat and the title. Chaplain of the king of Poland from 1764. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV (1).
Death. January 7, 1774, Besançon. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Besançon.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23, 24 and 123.
(1) According to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi, VI, 25, he was minime praesente in conclavi.
Birth. January 27, 1708, Toulouse, France.
Education. Faculty of Paris, Paris (licentiate in theology).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Vicar general of the archdiocese of Rouen for seven years.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Laon, September 18, 1741. Consecrated (no information found). French ambassador to the Holy See, 1758-1762.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761; received the red hat and the title of S. Eusebio, January 25, 1762. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Did not participate in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI.
Death. March 20, 1777, Paris. Exposed and buried (no information found).
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23, 24 and 255.
Birth. March 8, 1706, Castle of Stolzenfels, parish of Wiesenfeld, diocese of Würzburg, Germany. Second child of Franz Ludwig von Hutten and Johanna Juliana von Bicken. His last name is also listed as Hutten zu Stolzenfels. He was baptized on the same day of his birth.
Education. Received the ecclesiastical tonsure on November 18, 1716. For seven years,as an aristocratic pupil, he studied at the Julianeum in Würzburg, which Febronianist Caspar Barthel led as regent. Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1727. He also tudied law in Siena. He received the subdiaconate on June 11, 1729.
Early life. Canon and prebendary of the collegiate church of St. Alban, diocese of Mainz; and of St. Nicholas in Comburg. Canon and prebendary of the collegiate church of Homburg, diocese of Würzburg. Domizellar in Speyer; and, in 1730, domkapitular.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Speyer by its cathedral chapter, November 14, 1743. Preconized, February 3, 1744, retaining his benefices and with dispensation for not having yet received priestly ordination; granted permission to receive the episcopal consecration from a bishop and two abbots, February 7, 1744.
Priesthood. Ordained a priest on January 1, 1744. Received the episcopal consecration on May 17, 1744, from Christoph Nebel, titular bishop of Capharnaum, suffragan of Mainz. He completed the church of St. Peter in Bruchsal as the resting place of the prince bishops of Speyer. He, like his predecessor, strove for the implementation of the Tridentine reform in his diocese. In 1748, he had published a new edition of the Speyerer ritual and in 1768, a new Hymnal; furthermore, he urged that the pastors of his diocese be selected only from the graduates of its seminary for priests; in 1753, he attached a high school led by the Jesuits to the seminary; he determined that the best four seminarists were trained at the University of Würzburg. In 1755, Palatine Prince Karl Theoder recommended him to the emperor for promotion to the cardinalate.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761; the red biretta was sent to him by papal brief of November 27, 1761; he never went to Rome to receive the red hat and the title. The cathedral chapter frequently critized his fiscal policies of the principality. His efforts to obtain the diocese of Worms failed both in 1763 and in 1768 because of the other interests of the Viennese court. In 1763, he became provost of Bruchsal-Odenheim; and since 1766, provost of Sankt Viktor in Mainz (by papal commission). Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. He was a pious man with an Enlightenment affinity. He was a lively Rococo lord, who loved the art, a magnificent court and hunting.
Death. April 20, 1770, (no place found). Buried in the middle niche of the vault of the princes, church of St. Peter, Bruchsal. His heart was deposited before the altar of Our Lady in the church of Waghäusel.
Bibliography. Ammerich, Hans. "Hutten, Franz Christoph Reichsfreiherr von." Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches 1648 bis 1803 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz unter Mitwirkung von Stephan M. Janker. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 1990, p. 199-200; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23 and 385.
Link. Brief biographical data, in English, with his portrait.
(31) 6. NATTA, O.P., Enrichetto Virginio (1701-1768)
Birth. January 10, 1701, Casale Monferrato. Son of Palatine Count Gerolamo III Natta and Luciana Matilde Ignazia Pelletta Mesturelli.
Education. Entered the Order of Preachers (Dominicans); changed his baptismal name Raffale Francesco to Enrichetto Virginio. Obtained the title of magister in theology on March 9, 1747.
Priesthood. Ordained, June 15, 1726. Theologian consultor of the Inquisition in Modena, January 15, 1732. Lector of philosophy and theology in Dominican houses of study. Professor of theology at the University of Turin, Turin. Provincial of his order in Lombardy.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Alba, Sardinia, July 22, 1750. Consecrated, July 25, 1750, Rome, by Cardinal Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761; the red biretta was sent to him by papal brief of November 27, 1761; never received the red hat and the title.
Death. June 29, 1768, Alba. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Alba.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23 and 73.
(32) 7. MOLINO, Giovanni (1705-1773)
Birth. April 25, 1705, Venice.
Education. University of Padua, Padua (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, March 14, 1729). Received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders, December 23, 1725; subdiaconate, June 15, 1726; diaconate, June 7, 1727.
Priesthood. Ordained, May 22, 1728.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Brescia, February 17, 1755. Consecrated, April 1, 1755, Rome, by Cardinal Joaquín Fernando Portocarrero.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Received the red hat and the title of S. Sisto, June 26, 1769.
Death. March 14, 1773, Brescia. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Brescia, where the funeral also took place.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23, 25, 49 and 131.
(33) 8. ROHAN-GUÉMÉNÉE-MONTBAZON, Louis-César-Constantin de (1697-1779)
Birth. March 24, 1697, Paris, France. Nephew of Cardinal Armand-Gaston-Maximilien de Rohan de Soubise (1712), bishop of Strasbourg from 1704 to 1749. Brother of Cardinal Armand de Rohan-Soubise-Ventadour (1747), bishop of Strasbourg from 1749 to 1756. Uncle of Cardinal Louis-René-Edouard de Rohan-Guéménée (1778), bishop of Strasbourg from 1779 to 1801.
Early life. Knight of the Sovereign Order of Malta. Captain of the navy, 1720.
Education. Faculty of Paris, Paris (licentiate in canon law).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Canon of the cathedral chapter of Strasbourg. Provost major and canon of the cathedral chapter of Strasbourg. Major almoner of the King of France. Abbot of Lire, and later, of Saint-Epure.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Strasbourg by its cathedral chapter, September 23, 1756. Preconized, January 3, 1757. Consecrated, March 16, 1757, Paris, by Cardinal Frédéric-Jérôme de la Rochefoucauld de Roye, archbishop of Bourges.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761; the red biretta was sent to him by papal brief of November 27, 1761; he never went to Rome to receive the red hat and the title. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV (1). Did not participate in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI.
Death. March 11, 1779, at 4 a.m., in his residence in rue de Varenne, Paris. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Strasbourg where the funeral also took place celebrated by Ferdinand de Rohan, archbishop of Bordeaux, nephew of the cardinal.
Bibliography. Le Roy de Sainte-Croix, François Noël. Les quatre cardinaux de Rohan (évêques de Strasbourg) en Alsace. Strasbourg : Hagemann et cie, 1880. (Grande collection alsacienne), pp. 65-79; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23, 25 and 99.
Link. His genealogy.
(1) According to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi, VI, 25, he was minime praesente in conclavi.
(34) 9. CENCI, iuniore, Baldassare (1710-1763)
Birth. 1710, Rome. Son of Tiberio Cenci and Eleonora Costaguti. Nephew of Cardinal Baldassari Cenci, seniore (1695). Other cardinals of the family are Tiberio Cenci (1645) and Serafino Cenci (1734).
Education. Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1727.
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Secretary of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 23, 1761; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli, January 25, 1762.
Death. March 2, 1763, Anzio. Exposed and buried temporarily in Anzio. Transferred to Rome, February 16, 1764, at midnight, and buried in his title.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23 and 46.
(35) 10. CAPRARA, Cornelio (1703-1765)
Birth. 1703, Bologna. Of a noble patrician family. Son of Francesco M. Monti Bendini, senator of Bologna, and Marchioness Valeria Beroaldi. Brother of the marquis de Monti. Nephew of Cardinal Filippo Maria de Monti (1743). The family possessed the prelature Caprara. He is also listed as Cornelio Monti Caprara and as Cornelio, detto Caprara.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, July 15, 1725. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Relator of the S.C. of the Reverend Fabric of Saint Peter's basilica. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice for ten years. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, April 1744. Governor of Rome and vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, September 10, 1756 until November 23, 1761.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 23, 1761; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, January 25, 1762. Received the subdiaconate, November 7, 1762; diaconate, November 14, 1762.
Death. April 5, 1765, in the Sala Reggia of the Vatican Palace; that night, he was transferred to his palace. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in his deaconry.
Bibliography. Del Re, Niccolò. Monsignor governatore di Roma. Rome : Istituto di Studi Romani Editore, 1972, p. 117; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 23 and 51; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 633; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 362 and 547; Weber, Christoph. Die päpstlichen Referendare 1566-1809 : Chronologie und Prosopographie. 3 vols. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 2003-2004. (Päpste und Papsttum ; Bd. 31/1, 31/2, 31/3; Variation: Päpste und Papsttum ; Bd. 31), II, 506.
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