(4) 1. ROSSI, Ferdinando Maria de (1696-1775)
Birth. August 3, 1696, Cortona.
Education. Collegio Romano, Rome (doctorates in philosophy and theology, January 13, 1716); University of Macerata, Macerata (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, October 27, 1716).
Early life. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Grace and of Justice, November 17, 1724. Voter of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Grace. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. Civil lieutenent of the tribunal of the vicariate of Rome. Relator of the SS.CC. of the Consistory and of Religious Immunity. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Liberian basilica. Pro-vicegerent of Rome, 1738 to 1742.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 30, 1739.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tarso, July 20, 1739. Consecrated, August 2, 1739, Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni Antonio Guadagni, O.C.D. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, August 3, 1739. Vicegerent of Rome, January 8 1742 until September 24, 1759. Promoted to the titular patriarchate of Constantinople, February 1, 1751.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, November 19, 1759. Prefect of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, September 28, 1759 to February 4, 1775. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, December 14, 1767. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 4, 1765. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Performed also the functions of vicar general of Rome. Because of poor health and advanced age did not participate in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI, and died during its celebration.
Death. February 4, 1775, during the conclave, Rome. Exposed and buried in his title.
Bibliography. Re, Niccolò del. "I cardinali prefetti della Sacra Congregazione del Concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII (1964), p. 129.
Link. His tomb in the church of S. Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome.
(5) 2. CRIVELLI, Ignazio Michele (1698-1768)
Birth. September 30, 1698, Cremona. Uncle of Cardinal Carlo Crivelli (1801).
Education. Seminario Romano, Rome; Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1721; La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, April 5, 1726).
Early life. Protonotary apostolic de numero participantium, July 7, 1726. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Grace and of Justice, December 19, 1726. Vice-legate in Ferrara, 1728-1730. Relator of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta, 1730-1739. Received the minor orders, August 7, 1739; subdiaconate, August 9, 1739; diaconate, August 16, 1739.
Priesthood. Ordained, August 30, 1739.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarea, September 30, 1739. Consecrated, October 4, 1739, Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni Antonio Guadagni, O.C.D. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, October 1, 1739. Nuncio in Cologne, October 5, 1739. Nuncio in in the Low Countries, March 26, 1744. Nuncio in Austria, December 17, 1753.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Bernardo alle Terme, August 17, 1761. Legate in Romagna, August 17, 1761 until December 1, 1766.
Death. February 29, 1768, Milan. Exposed and buried in the church of S. Maria della Pace, Milan.
Bibliography. Squicciarini, Donato. Nunzi apostolici a Vienna. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1998, p. 171-173.
(6) 3. MERLINI, Ludovico (1690-1762)
Birth. 1690, Forlì. Second of the two sons of Simone Merlini and Chara Fachinei.
Education. (No information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no date found). Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, July 21, 1729; also, voter of the same tribunals. Ordinary judege of S. Michele. Secretary of the Apostolic Hospice. Relator of the S.C. of the Ecclesiastical Immunity. Canonois of the Apostolic Penitentiary. Pro-auditor Santissimo.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Atena, October 27, 1740. Consecrated, December 8, 1740, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 11, 1740. Procurator of the Holy See to solve the controversy with the curia of Savoy, January 11, 1741. Nuncio in Sardinia and in Savoy, January 27, 1741 until December 1753. President of the State Urbino, with faculties of legate a latere, September 20, 1756 until December 10, 1759.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Prisca, July 21, 1760. Opted for the title of S. Marcello, April 12, 1762.
Death. November 12, 1762, Rome. Exposed and buried in the church of S. Marco, Rome, where the funeral took place.
Bibliography. Karttunen, Liisi. Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes de 1650 à 1800. Genève : E. Chaulmontet, 1912, p. 250; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 21, 45, 48 and 104; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 621; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 420 and 779.
Link. His engraving.
(7) 4. ACCIAIOLI, Filippo (1700-1766)
Birth. March 12, 1700, Rome. Of a family from Florence. His last name is also listed as Acciaiuoli. The other cardinals of the family were Angelo Acciaioli (1384) and Nicolò Acciaiuoli (1669).
Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, August 13, 1722).
Early Life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Grace and of Justice, 1723. Vice-legate in Ravenna, 1724. Governor of Città di Castello, July 10, 1728. Relator of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, 1739; later, dean of the same. Secretary of the Congregation of Ripa. Received the subdiaconate, November 24, 1743.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 8, 1743.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Petra, December 2, 1743. Consecrated, December 21, 1743, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 22, 1743. Nuncio in Switzerland, January 22, 1744. Nuncio in Portugal, January 28, 1754.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759. Expelled from Portugal with military force by Prime Minister Sebastián José de Carvalho e Mello, marquis of Pombal, because of his intervention on behalf of the Jesuits, February 23, 1761. Received the red hat and the title of S. Maria degli Angeli, April 6, 1761. Transferred to the see of Ancona, with personal title of archbishop, January 24, 1763.
Death. July 24 (or 4), 1766, Ancona. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Ancona.
Bibliography. Fink, Urban. Die Luzerner Nuntiatur 1586-1873 : zur Behördengeschichte und Quellenkunde der päpstlichen Diplomatie in der Schweiz. Luzern : Rex Verlag, 1997.
Link. The Acciajuoli Cardinals, in English.
(8) 5. GUALTERIO, Luigi (1706-1761)
Birth. October 12, 1706, Orvieto. Of a patrician family related to Pope Innocent X. Son of Giovanni Battista Gualterio, marquis of Corgnolo, and his first wife. Great-grand-nephew of Cardinal Carlo Gualterio (1654). Nephew of Cardinal Filippo Antonio Gualterio (1706). His first name is also listed as Ludovico and his last name as Gualtieri.
Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).
Early life. Domestic prelate. Vice-legate in Ferrara. 1731. Governor of Spoleto, March 28, 1735. Apostolic commissary of Benevento, 1735. Inquisitor of the Island of Malta, April 9, 1739-1743.
Priesthood. Ordained, November 30, 1742.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Mira, December 16, 1743. Consecrated, January 19, 1744, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, January 19, 1744. Nuncio in Naples, March 21, 1744. Nuncio in France, March 2, 1754.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, March 24, 1760. Legate in Romandiola for a trienniun, July 13, 1761.
Death. July 24, 1761, campo Borghesiano, commonly known as Villa Taverna, near Frascati; he had not yet taken possession of his legation. Transferred to Rome, the funeral took place in the church of S. Andrea delle Valle; and his body was buried in his title.
Bibliography. Karttunen, Liisi. Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes de 1650 à 1800. Genève : E. Chaulmontet, 1912, p. 246; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 21, 44 and 299; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 509; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 144, 254, 372, 389 and 716.
Links. His tomb in S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, Rome; Correspondence of Cardinals Gualterio in the British Library, London, England (type "Gualterio" in "Name").
(9) 6. SPINOLA, Girolamo (1713-1784)
Birth. October 15, 1713, Genoa.
Education. La Sapineza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, November 23, 1736).
Early life. Vice-legate in Bologna. relator of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta. Received the minor orders, March 15, 1744; subdiaconate, March 19, 1744; diaconate, March 22, 1744.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 25, 1744.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Laodicea, April 13, 1744. Consecrated, April 19, 1744, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, April 19, 1744. Nuncio in Cologne, April 23, 1744. Nuncio in Switzerland, January 22, 1754. Nuncio in Spain, November 8, 1754.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Balbina, December 15, 1760. Legate in Bologna, July 13, 1761. Legate before Maria Giuseppa, future queen of Naples, September 28, 1767. Legate in Ferrara for a triennium, January 25, 1768. Legate before Maria Carolina, future queen of Naples, March 14, 1768. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Participated in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, March 13, 1775. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, retaining his title in commendam, April 3, 1775.
Death. July 22, 1784, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Cecilia, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in that same church.
Link. His tomb in the church of S. Cecilia, Rome.
(10) 7. ERBA-ODESCALCHI, Antonio Maria (1712-1762)
Birth. January 21, 1712, Milan. Relative of Cardinals Benedetto Odescalchi-Erba (1713) and Carlo Odescalchi, S.J. (1823).
Education. University of Milan, Milan (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, February 10, 1733.
Priesthood. Ordained, September 22, 1736. Dean of the protonotaries apostolic de numero participantium. Secretary of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics. Preceptor of the archhospital of S. Sprito in Sassia, Rome. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Grace and of Justice. Protonotary honorary. Master of chamber of His Holiness.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Marcellino, November 19, 1759.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Nicea, September 24, 1759. Vicar general of His Holiness for Rome and its district, September 28, 1759. Consecrated, October 14, 1759, Castelgandolfo, by Pope Clement XIII. Prefect of the S.C. of the Residence of Bishops.
Death. March 28, 1762, Rome. Exposed in his title, where the funeral took place, and buried in the basilica of Ss. Apostoli, Rome.
(11) 8. VERONESE, Sante (1684-1767)
Birth. March 4, 1684, Venice.
Education. University of Padua, Padua (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, December 30, 1709).
Priesthood. Ordained, August 4, 1709. Vicar general of Padua.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Padua, September 11, 1758. Consecrated (no information found). Succeeded Pope Clement XIII in that see.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; never received the red hat and the title.
Death. February 1, 1767, Padua. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Padua.
(12) 9. VALENTI, Ludovico (1695-1763)
Birth. April 27, 1695, Trevi, diocese of Spoleto.
Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, March 20, 1719).
Priesthood. Ordained, March 31, 1736. Lawyer in the Roman Curia. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Grace and of Justice. Fiscal procurator. Promotor of the Faith. Assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition. Examiner of the prelates promoted to the episcopacy. Secretary of the Congregation of the Reform of the Breviary, 1741-1747.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Susanna, November 19, 1759.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Rimini, September 24, 1759. Consecrated, October 14, 1759, Castelgandolfo, by Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the title of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, December 20, 1762.
Death. October 18, 1763, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Andrea delle Fratte, where the funeral took place, and buried in his title.
Link. His tomb in the church of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome.
(13) 10. CASTELLI, Giuseppe Maria (1705-1780)
Birth. October 4, 1705, Milan. Of a noble family.
Education. Collegio San Carlo, Modena, 1715; Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1724.
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). General treasurer and ordinary and commendatary general preceptor of the archhospital of S. Spirito in Sassia, Rome.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Alessio, November 19, 1759. Apostolic visitor of Montis Pietatis of Rome, April 24, 1760. Prefect of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, April 26, 1763 until his death. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 27, 1766. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Participated in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI. He was a friend of St. Alfonso Maria de' Liguori.
Death. April 9, 1780, Rome. Exposed in the church of Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso, where the funeral took place, and buried in that same church, according to his will.
Bibliography. Bernabei, Nicola. Vita del Cardinale Giovanni Morone, vescovo di Modena e biografie dei cardinali modenesi e di Casa d'Este, dei cardinali vescovi di Modena e di quelli educati in questo Collegio di San Carlo. Modena : Tipografica Rossi, 1885, pp. 294-295.
(14) 11. BUSSI, Pietro Francesco (1683-1765)
Birth. August, 1, 1683 (or 1684), Rome. Son of Count Giulio Bussi, from Viterbo, and Cecilia Maidalchini. He was related to the families of Popes Innocent X (Pamphilj); and Alexander VII (Chigi). His first name is also listed as Pier Francesco and Pierfrancesco. Other cardinals of the family were Giovanni Battista Bussi (1712); and Giovanni Battista Bussi (1824).
Education. (No information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Privy chamberlain of His Holiness. Referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, December 1721. Judge of the Reverend Fabric of St. Peter's basilica, 1731. Elected auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota (or audiors of causes at the Apostolic Palace), December 1733; took possession, June 1734; became his dean, January 1757. Consultor of the S.C. of Rites. Regent of the Apostolic Penitentiary, July 1755. Consultor of the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, January 1757.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Via, November 19, 1759.
Death. September 10, 1765, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Marcello, where the funeral took place; and buried in the right was of the Bussi chapel (chapel of S. Francesca Romana), which is the first chapel to the right, in his titular church (1).
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 21 and 47; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 516, no. 724.
Link. His tomb in the church of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome.
(1) This is the text of his epitaph taken from the image of his tomb, linked above:
(15) 12. FANTUZZI, Gaetano (1708-1778)
Birth. August 1, 1708, Gualdo, archdiocese of Ravenna. Son of Count Giacomo Fantuzzi, patrician from Ravenna, and Laura Gottifredi, Roman noblewoman. Baptized in San Giovanni in Compito. His first name ia also listed as Francesco Gaetano.
Education. Collegio San Carlo, Modena, 1719; University of Pisa, Pisa (doctorate in law and mathematics); entered the ecclesiastical state in 1730 and went to Rome to study theology.
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Member of the study of Msgr. Peralta, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, and later, his secretary. In the pontificate of Pope Benedict XIV, chamberlain of honor and prelate refrendary. Auditor of Cardinal Annibale Albani, camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. Auditor of the causes of the Apostolic Palace. Regent of the Apostolic Penitentiary. Consultor of the S.C. of Rites.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Agostino, November 19, 1759. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 16, 1767. Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, April 6, 1767. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Participated in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI. Prefect of the S.C. of the Ecclesiastical Immunity.
Death. October 1, 1778, Rome. Exposed and buried in his title.
Bibliography. Bernabei, Nicola. Vita del Cardinale Giovanni Morone, vescovo di Modena e biografie dei cardinali modenesi e di Casa d'Este, dei cardinali vescovi di Modena e di quelli educati in questo Collegio di San Carlo. Modena : Tipografica Rossi, 1885, pp. 291-293.
Link. His portrait, by Andrea Barbiani, 1760, Biblioteca Classense, via Baccarini, 3, Ravenna, Italy.
(16) 13. ORSI, O.P., Giuseppe Agostino (1692-1761)
Birth. May 9, 1692, Florence. Of an aristocratic family. His baptismal name was Agostino Francesco.
Education. Studied grammar and rhetoric in the Jesuit school, Florence. Entered the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), Fiesole, February 21, 1708; at his profession he took the name Giuseppe Agostino.
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Master of studies for some time at the convent of San Marco, Florence. Professor of theology and prior, Collegio S. Tommaso d'Aquino, Rome, 1731-1734. Theologian of Cardinal Neri Corsini, nephew of Pope Clement XII, 1734-1738. Secretary of the S.C. of the Index, 1738. Master of the Sacred Palace (papal theologian, post traditionally occupied by a Dominican friar), 1749. Noted theologian, and ecclesiastical historian, he wrote profusely on dogmatics, apologetics, and church history.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Sisto, November 19, 1759.
Death. June 13, 1761, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, where the funeral took place, and buried in his title.
Links. Biography, in English; another biography, in German; and his tomb in the basilica of S. Sisto Vecchio, Fototeca Nazionale, Rome.
(17) 14. GUGLIELMI, Pietro Girolamo (1694-1773)
Birth. December 4, 1694, Iesi.
Education. Studied law.
Early life. Auditor of the nunciature in Naples. Referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, January 1726. Auditor of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, July 1730. Second lieutenant of the auditor of the Apostolic Chamber, March 1733. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Grace, March 1734. Assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, September 1743. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, October 1744.
Sacred orders. Received the subdiaconate, April 17, 1745; diaconate, June 12, 1745. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Religious, December 1753. Consultor of the SS.CC. of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, and Rites, December 1753.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Trinità al Monte Pincio, November 19, 1759. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 25, 1768. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV.
Death. November 15, 1773, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, where the funeral took place; and buried in his title.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 22 and 49;
Birth. January 24, 1685, Bergamo.
Education. Collegio Borromeo, Milan; University of Pavia, Pavia (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Civil lieutenent of the auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber. Secretary of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Quirico e Giulitta, November 19, 1759. Recognized philologist, historian, archeologist, and collector of ancient art and books. Promoted the excavations of Villa Adriana, Tivoli (1). His book on mosaics, De Musivis, became a classic on the subject. Left his personal library to his native city and it became the beginning of the current Mai Library.
Death. January 14, 1764, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, where the funeral took place, and buried in the church of Ss. Bartolomeo ed Alessandro dei Bergamaschi, also called S. Maria della Pietà, Rome.
(1) It is said that Pope Benedict XIV offered him the cardinalate in exchange for two centaurs found in the excavations but that he refused.
(19) 16. CONTI, Pietro Paolo (1689-1770)
Birth. February 24, 1689, Camerino. He is also listed as Petrus Paulus de Comitibus.
Education. (No information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Auditor of Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini. First collateral of the Campidoglio, 1735. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Grace. Auditor of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, August 1740. Prelate of the S.C. of Immunity. Secretary of the S.C. of Good Government, January 1742. Pro-canonist of the Apostolic Penitentiary, March 1754.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni, November 19, 1759. Opted for the title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, March 21, 1763. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV.
Death. December 14, 1770, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Andrea delle Fratte, Rome, where the funeral took place; and buried in the Camerinense church of S. Venanzio, Rome.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 22, 43 and 49;
(20) 17. ANTONELLI, Nicolò Maria (1698-1767)
Birth. July 8, 1698, Pergola, diocese of Senigallia. Uncle of Cardinal Leonardo Antonelli (1775)
Education. (No information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Secretary of the S.C. for the Correction of Oriental Books, 1741. Secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 3, 1744. Secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide. He was a learned canonist, ecclesiastical historian, and Orientalist.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, November 19, 1759. Prefect of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics, 1760. Secretary of Apostolic Briefs, August 5, 1761.
Death. September 25, 1767, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Marcello, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome.
Links. Brief biographical data, in English, and his effigy in his tomb in the Lateran Basilica, Rome.
(21) 18. GANGANELLI, O.F.M. Conv., Lorenzo (1705-1774)
Birth. October 31, 1705, Sant' Arcangelo di Romagna, diocese of Rimini. Eldest of the four children of Lorenzo Ganganelli, a medical doctor, and Angela Serafina Maria Mazza; her last name is also listed as Macci and Mazzi. He was baptized on November 2, 1705, in the parish of Sant'Agata.
Education. Studied with the Jesuits of Rimini and the Piarist Fathers of Urbino. Entered the Order of the Friars Minor Conventuals, May 15, 1723, Mondaino, Forlì; changed his baptismal name Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio to Lorenzo, his father's name; professed, May 18, 1724. Obtained a doctorate in theology, 1731.
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Lector of theology in Franciscan houses of study for several years. Recot of St. Boniface's, Rome, 1740. Definitor general of his order, 1741. In 1743 he dedicated his Diatriba theologica to St. Ignatius Loyola (1495-1556), founder of the Society of Jesus. Consultor of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, 1746. In 1753 and 1756, he declined the generalship of his order (some authors say because of desire for higher office). He was an accomplished theologian, loved music, poetry and horse riding.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, November 19, 1759. It is said that he was created cardinal at the instance of Father Lorenzo Ricci, the superior general of the Jesuits (1). Opted for the title of Ss. XII Apostoli, March 29, 1762. Participated in the conclave of 1769 and was elected pope. Until then, he had been regarded as a friend of the Jesuits but now he distanced himself from them.
Papacy. Elected pope on May 19, 1769; took the name Clement XIV; crowned, June 4, 1769, by Cardinal Alessandro Albani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.
Episcopate. Consecrated bishop of Rome, May 28, 1769, patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Federico Marcello Lante, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, assisted by Cardinals Giovanni Francesco Albano, bishop of Sabina, and Henry Benedict Mary Stuart, duke of York, bishop of Frascati. Pressured by several European monarchs, he suppressed the Society of Jesus on July 21, 1773, by the apostolic brief Dominus ac Redemptor, which he personally wrote.
Death. September 22, 1774. Exposed and buried, on September 27, 1774, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. On January 21, 1802, transferred to the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, and buried in a marble mausoleum sculpted by Antonio Canova.
Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 335; Rosa, Mario. "Clemente XIV." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, III, 475-492; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), IV, 572.
Links. Biography, in English; his episcopal lineage, in English; portrait, arms and biographical information, in English; his bust in Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Rome; his bust by Cristopher Hewetson, Museo di Roma, Rome; his portrait, riding a horse in the cavalcade to his possession, by Filippo Pilaja, Museo di Roma, Rome; his portrait by an anonymous artist, Museo di Roma, Rome; and his tomb by Antonio Canova in SS. XII Apostoli, Rome.
(1) When the Society of Jesus was suppressed, Fr. Ricci was arrested in Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, and died there before his trial ended. He proclaimed his innocence and that of the Society to his last moment. His companions were set free in the pontificate of Pope Pius VI, their judges having found them "not guilty".
(22) 19. CARACCIOLO, Giovanni Costanzo (1715-1780)
Birth. December 19, 1715, Naples. Belonged to the Santobono branch of the family. By his siblings marriages, he became related to the houses Boncompagni-Ludovisi, Colonna di Stigliano, and Piccolomini d'Aragona. Other cardinals of the family were Marino Ascanio Caracciolo (1535); Innico Caracciolo, seniore (1666); Innico Caracciolo, iuniore (1715); Niccolò Caracciolo (1715); Diego Innico Caracciolo (1800); and Filippo Giudice Caracciolo, Orat. (1833).
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Papal ablegato in 1736 to bring the red biretta to Cardinal Luis Antonio Jaime de Borbón y Farnesio. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1736. Prelate of the S. C. Consistorial. Secretary of the Congregation of the Fabric of St. Peter's basilica, December 1740. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. President delle Acque, September 1743; and delle Ripe, December 1743. Vicar of S. Lorenzo in Damaso. Commissary of the Sea, April 1747; took possession in May 1748. Governor of Castello Sant'Angelo, Rome, 1752. Auditor general of the Apostolic Chamber, November 1753.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Cesareo in Palatio, November 19, 1759. Received the minor orders, April 20, 1760; subdiaconate, April 27, 1760; diaconate, May 25, 1760. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Opted for the deaconry of S. Eustachio, December 12, 1770. Participated in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI.
Death. December 22, 1780, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in his deaconry.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 22 and 51; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 516, no. 726.
(23) 20. PERELLI, Nicolò (1696-1772)
Birth. October 22, 1696, Naples. Of a noble family from L'Aquila. Son of Domenico Perelli, a finacier. His first name is also listed as Nicola, Nicolaus and Niccolò; and his last name as Perella and Perrelli.
Education. Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1718.
Early life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, May 5, 1721. Governor of Rieti, October 17, 1722 until 1727. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, January 2, 1730. Vicar of the patrairchal Liberian basilica, February 1730. President delle Carceri, 1731. President delle Grascia, August 18, 1740. Commissary of the Congregation of Accounts, September 1743. Prefect of the Annona, April 1747. Dean of the clerics of the Apostolic Chamber, 1751. President ad interim delle Acque and delle Ripe, July 1753. Treasurer general of the Apostolic Chamber. November 1753.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Giorgio in Velabro, November 19, 1759. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV.
Death. February 24, 1772, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in the church of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Rome.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 22 and 51; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 345 and 834.
(24) 21. COLONNA, iuniore, Marcantonio (1724-1793)
Birth. August 16, 1724, Rome. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Carlo Colonna (1706), and brother of Cardinal Pietro Pamphilj (1766). Other members of the family who were elevated to the cardinalate were Giovanni Colonna (1212); Giacomo Colonna (1278); Pietro Colonna (1288); Giovanni Colonna (1327); Agapito Colonna (1378); Stefano Colonna (1378); Oddone Colonna (1405; later Pope Martin V); Prospero Colonna (1426); Giovanni Colonna (1480); Pompeo Colonna (1517); Marco Antonio Colonna, seniore (1565); Ascanio Colonna (1586); Girolamo Colonna (1627); Prospero Colonna (1739); Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra (1743); and Prospero Colonna di Sciarra (1743); Pietro Colonna (1766), who took the last name Pamphili.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Prefect of the Sacred Apostolic Palaces and governor of the conclave of 1758.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria in Aquiro, November 19, 1759. Received the minor orders, February 11, 1760; diaconate, March 9, 1760.
Priesthood. Ordained, February 1, 1761. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Maria della Pace, April 19, 1762.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Corinto, April 19, 1762. Vicar general of His Holiness for the city of Rome and its district, April 20, 1762. Consecrated, April 25, 1762, in the Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Quirinale, Rome, by Pope Clement XIII, assisted by Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, bishop of Sabina, and by Cardinal Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart, duke of York, bishop of Frascati. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 20, 1770. Participated in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica. Named legate a latere for the closing of the Holy Door for the 1775 Jubilar Year, at the patriarchal Liberian basilica, November 13, 1775. Prefect of the S.C. of the Residence of Bishops. Prefect of the spiritual formation of Collegio Romano and Roman Seminary. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, June 25, 1784. Cardinal protoprete. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, September 20, 1784.
Death. December 4, 1793, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in that same church.
Links. His epitaph in his tomb in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome; his episcopal lineage, in English; his coat of arms; and his genealogy, K4.
(25) 22. CORSINI, Andrea (1735-1795)
Birth. June 11, 1735, Florence. Son of Filippo Corsini and Ottavia Strozzi Majorca Renzi. Grand-nephew of Pope Clement XII.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Protonotary apostolic.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 24, 1759; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, November 19, 1759. Received the minor orders, March 25, 1760.
Priesthood. Ordained, February 2, 1769. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Opted for the order of priests and the title of S. Mateo in Via Merulana, September 11, 1769. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 4, 1771. Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice. Member of the commission to execute the suppression of the Society of Jesus, 1773. Prefect of the Economy of Collegio Romano and of the Roman Seminary.
Episcopate. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina, July 15, 1776. Consecrated, July 21, 1776, Frascati, by Cardinal Henry Benedict Mary Stuart, duke of York. Vicar general of His Holiness for the city of Rome and its district, December 10, 1793.
Death. January 18, 1795, at 7 p.m., Rome. Exposed in the basilica of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome, where the funeral took place on June 19, 1795; and buried in the Corsini Chapel, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome.
Link. His tomb, Corsini chapel, patriarchal Lateran Basilica, Rome.
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