(1) 1. FERNÁNDEZ DE PORTOCARRERO MENDOZA, Joaquín
(1681-1760)

Birth. March 27, 1681, Madrid, Spain. Fourth son of Luis Antonio Tomás Fernández de Portocarrero, count of Palma del Río. He inherited the title of marquis of Almenara and ceded it to his brother in 1728 before entering the ecclesiastical life. Some sources list him as Joaquín Fernando Portocarrero.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Knight of the Order of Santiago. Knight of the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta; bailiff, grand cross, and general of galleys. Ambassador of the order before Emperor Charles VI of Austria who appointed him viceroy of Sicily, 1722-1728. Viceroy of Naples, August 1 to December 9, 1728. Entered the ecclesiastical estate, January 5, 1730; received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders; subdiaconate, January 10, 1730; diaconate, January 15, 1730.

Priesthood. Ordained, January 17, 1730.

Episcopate. Elected titular Latin patriarch of Antioch, May 25, 1735. Consecrated, Monday of Pentecost May 30, 1735, church of S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, by Cardinal Álvaro Cienfuegos, S.J., archbishop of Monreale, assisted by Tommaso Cervini, titular Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, and by Mihály Frigyes von Althan, archbishop of Bari. Vicar of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Quattri Coronati, September 23, 1743. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, April 10, 1747. Plenipotentiary minister of the King of Spain before the Holy See from December 1748. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 19, 1750 to February 1, 1751. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, retaining in commendam the title of S.Cecilia, April 9, 1753. Prefect of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina, retaining in commendam the titles of S. Maria in Trastevere and S. Cecilia, September 20, 1756. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. He was a book collector and protector of writers, scientists and artists. The donation of his book collection of 5,570 volumes to the Order of Malta made him de facto co-founder of the Library of Malta, today's National Library.

Death. June 22, 1760, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Andrea delle Fratte, Rome, where the funeral took place; he was buried in the church of S. Basilio Magno al Monte Aventino, of the priorate of his order in Rome.

Bibliography. Dauber, Robert L. Bailiff fra Joaquin de Portocarrero (1681 -1760) : knight and ambassador of Malta; general and lieutenant fieldmarshal; austrian viceroy of Sicily; priest, patriarch, cardinal, bishop; ambassador of Spain at the Holy See; co-founder of the Library of Malta; a biography. Valletta, Malta : Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG), Ltd., 2003; Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1700-1867). Españoles obispos en españa, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 29), p. 55; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 12, 41, 42, 43, 47, 56 87.

Link. His tomb, in S. Basilio Magno al Monte Aventino, commonly called S. Maria del Priorato since the end of the 16th century when the priorate of the Sovereign Order of Malta was established in that church.

(2) 2. PAOLUCCI, Camillo (1692-1763)

Birth. December 9, 1692, Forlì. Of a noble family. Son of Marchis Pietro Martire Merlini and Angiola Guerriera Paolucci. He was adopted into the Paolucci household and took its last name. Nephew of Cardinal Fabrizio Paolucci (1697).

Education. Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, 1709; La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, November 4, 1718).

Early life. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, July 1, 1714. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, December 15, 1718. Domestic prelate of His Holiness.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1719. Lieutenant of the vicariate of Rome in the pontificate of Innocent XIII. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. Vicar general of Cardinal Fabrizio Paolucci, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Auditor and secretary of the Cipher.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Iconio, June 26, 1724. Consecrated, July 2, 1724, Rome, by Cardinal Fabrizio Paolucci. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, October 6, 1724. Nuncio extraordinary in Poland, 1727. Nuncio in Poland, August 2, 1728 until May 1738. Nuncio in Austria, May 20, 1738 until October 20, 1745.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, April 18, 1746. Legate in Ferrara, September 19, 1746 until December 7, 1750. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 1, 1751. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, retaining in commendam the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, September 20, 1756. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, retaining his titles in commendam, November 22, 1758. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, retaining his titles in commendam, July 13, 1761. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

Death. June 11, 1763, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Marcello, Rome, where the funeral took place; and buried in the chapel dei Pellegrini, in that same church.

Bibliography. Karttunen, Liisi. Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes de 1650 à 1800. Genève : E. Chaulmontet, 1912, p. 250; Squicciarini, Donato. Nunzi apostolici a Vienna. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1998, p. 165-167; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 255 and 824.

Links. Biography, in Italian; and his tomb in S. Marcello al Corso, Rome.

(3) 3. GIROLAMI, Raffaele Cosimo de' (1670-1748)

Birth. September 10, 1670, Florence.

Education. University of Pisa, Pisa (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, June 9, 1695); University of Florence, Florence (master in theology, November 24, 1699).

Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1726. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Florence. Consultor of the Supreme SS.CC. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition and of Rites. Voter of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice. Episcopal examiner. Secretary of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Damiata, March 8, 1728. Consecrated, April 11, 1728, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIII. Assesor of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition until April 1737. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars from April 1737. Famous theologian.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Marcello, September 23, 1743. Prefect of the S.C. of Indulgences and Sacred Relics, September 23, 1743. Prefect of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, November 10, 1744.

Death. February 21, 1748, at almost 12:30 a.m., Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Marcello, Rome, where the capella papalis, with the participation of Pope Benedict XIV, took place on February 23, 1743; and buried in that same church.

(4) 4. GUIDOBONO CAVALCHINI, Carlo Alberto (1683-1774)

Birth. July 26, 1683, Tortona. Son of (Pietro) Antonio Guidobono Cavalchini, baron of the Sacred Roman Empire, and Lucrezia Passalacqua. Grand-uncle of Cardinal Francesco Guidobono Cavalchini (1807).

Education. University of Pavia, Pavia (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, July 24, 1702).

Early life. Admitted to the Collegio of advocates of Milan, 1702. Consistorial lawyer, 1714. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, September 15, 1724.

Priesthood. Ordained, February 24, 1727.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Filippi, May 10, 1728. Consecrated, June 6, 1728, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIII. Promotor of the Faith, May 19, 1728. Secretary of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Pace, September 23, 1743. Prefect of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, May 2, 1748. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, June 24, 1752. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII; King Louis XV of France presented the veto against his election (1). Datary of His Holiness, July 15, 1758 until his death. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, February 12, 1759. Abbot commendatario of San Michele della Chiusa, 1759. Opted for the suburbicarian sees of Ostia and Velletri, May 16, 1763. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV.

Death. March 7, 1774, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in that same basilica.

Bibliography. Beltrami, Giuseppe. Notizie su prefetti e referendari della Segnatura Apostolica desunte dai brevi di nomina. Città del Vaticano, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1972, p. 131.

Link. His engraving by Giovanni Domenico Campiglia and Antonio Pazzi.

(1) Some sources indicate that he was elected pope in that conclave but had to resign because of the French veto.

(5) 5. BARNI, Giovanni Battista (1676-1754)

Birth. October 28,1676, Lodi. Of the family of the Counts of Barni.

Education. University of Pavia, Pavia (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, September 4, 1700).

Early life. Governor of the city of Narni, April 30, 1708. Governor of the cities of Iesi, 1712; Perugia, 1721; and Macerata and provincial governor of the Marche Anconitana, January 27, 1725. . Relator of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.

Priesthood. Ordained, January 14, 1731.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Edessa in Osröene, January 22, 1731. Consecrated (no information found). Nuncio in Switzerland, February 22, 1731. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, April 1, 1731. Nuncio in Spain, April 1, 1739.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Tommaso in Parione, December 19, 1746. Legate in Ferrara, July 22, 1750; legation extended for another triennium, January 14, 1754.

Death. January 24, 1754, Ferrara. Exposed and buried in the archiepiscopal cathedral of Ferrara.

Bibliography. Finch, Urban. Die Luzerner Nuntiatur 1586-1873 : Zur Behördengeschichte und Quellenkunde der päpstlichen Diplomatie in der Schweiz. Luzern ; Stuttgart : Rex Verlag, 1997. (Collectanea Archivi Vaticani ; Bd. 40) (Luzerner Historische Veröffentlichungen ; Bd. 32).

(6) 6. ODDI, Giacomo (1679-1770)

Birth. November 11, 1679, Perugia. His first name is also listed as Jacopo. Son of Pietro Oddi. Nephew on his mother's side of Cardinal Antonio Banchieri (1726). Uncle of Cardinal Niccolò Oddi, S.J. (1766).

Education. University of Perugia, Perugia (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, December 21, 1709).

Early life. Protonotary apostolic participantium. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, July 1, 1706. Governor of Rimini, March 31, 1708. Governor of Sabina, February 27, 1709. Governor of Fabriano, September 12, 1710. Governor of Ascoli, April 17, 1717. Governor of Ancona, April 6, 1718. Governor of Civitavecchia, Tolfa and Corneto, February 4, 1721. Governor of Viterbo, July 18, 1721.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 30, 1723. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Protonotary apostolic de numero participantium.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Laodicea, June 9, 1732. Consecrated, June 24, 1732, Rome, by Cardinal Giorgio Spinola. Nuncio in Cologne, June 28, 1732. Nuncio in Venice, February 7, 1735. Nuncio in Portugal, February 25, 1739.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni, April 5, 1745. Legate in Urbino, September 23, 1743. Legate in Romagna, September 19, 1746. Transferred to the see of Viterbo e Toscanella, with personal title of archbishop, September 22, 1749. Opted for the title of S. Anastasia, January 12, 1756. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, November 22, 1758. Opted for the title of S. Prassede, February 12, 1759. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, March 21, 1763. Cardinal protoprete. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV (1). Fr. Egidio Mingarelli, a priest of the diocese of Bologna, became apostolic vicar of Viterbo e Toscanella, March 22, 1770.

Death. May 2, 1770, Perugia. Exposed in the church of the Society of Jesus in Perugia, where the funeral took place, and buried in that same church.

(1) According to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentoris Aevi, VI, 25, he was minime praesente in conclavi.

(7) 7. LANTE, Federico Marcello (1695-1773)

Birth. April 18, 1695, Rome. Son of Antonio Lante, 2nd duke of Bomarzo, and Louise Angelique Charlotte de La Tremouille. His last name is also listed as Lante Montefeltro della Rovere. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Marcello Lante (1606). Grand-uncle of Cardinals Filippo Lancellotti (1794); Alessandro Lante (1816); and Antonio Lante (1816).

Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, September 23, 1719).

Early life. Domestic prelate of Pope Clement XI. Governor of the city of Ancona, My 5, 1728. Received the minor orders, December 11, 1728; subdiaconate, December 18, 1728; diaconate, December 21, 1728.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 25, 1728. President of Urbino, June 18, 1732. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Petra in Palestina, October 1, 1732. Consecrated, October 19, 1732, in the metropolitan cathedral of Urbino, by Cardinal Annibale Albani, bishop of Sabina, assisted by Eustachio Palma, bishop of Fossombrone, and by Bartolomeo Castelli, bishop of Senigallia. Governor of the territory Balneariae, March 27, 1737.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Pancrazio, April 5, 1745. Governorship of the territory Balneariae extended for six years, September 1, 1745. Abbot commendatario of Farfa from 1746. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 29, 1753. Opted for the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, April 9, 1753. Governorship extended for another sexennial, August 30, 1757. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Prefect of the S.C. of Good Government, February 13, 1759. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, July 13, 1759. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, July 18, 1763. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Governorship prorogued for another sexennial, September 20, 1763. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV.

Death. March 3, 1773, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, where the funeral also took place, and buried in the church of S. Nicola da Tolentino, Rome.

Links. Genealogy, VIII-1, 5; another genealogy, A1, B1, C1, D1, E5, F3, G1, H5; and his episcopal lineage, in English.

(8) 8. CRESCENZI, Marcello
(1694-1768)

Birth. October 27, 1694, Rome.

Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, May 17, 1721).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 16, 1720. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. President of the Apostolic Chamber, 1724. Vicar of the basilica of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1727.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Nazianzo, July 14, 1739. Consecrated, August 10, 1739, Rome, by Cardinal Antonio Saverio Gentili. Nuncio in Francia, July 30, 1739. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, August 10, 1739.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Traspontina, December 16, 1743. Legate in Ferrara, September 23, 1743; legation prorogued for a triennium, June 27, 1746. Transferred to the see of Ferrara, August 22, 1746. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Legate in Ferrara for a triennium, July 13, 1761; legation prorogated for another triennium to 1667.

Death. August 24, 1768, Ferrara. Exposed and buried in the archiepiscopal cathedral of Ferrara.

(9) 9. DORIA, Giorgio (1708-1759)

Birth. December 4, 1708, Genoa. Son of Andrea Doria and Livia Centurione Becchignone. Great-grand-nephew of Cardinal Giovanni Doria (1604). Other cardinals of the family were Girolamo Doria (1529); Sinibaldo Doria (1731); Giuseppe Maria Doria Pamphilj (1785); Antonio Maria Doria Pamphilj (1785); and Giorgio Doria Pamphilj (1816).

Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Early life. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Governor of the city of Ascoli, February 8, 1737. Vice-legate in Bologna, 1739. Received the minor orders, November 13, 1740; subdiaconate, November 27, 1740; diaconate, November 30, 1740.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 4, 1740.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Calcedonia, December 5, 1740. Consecrated, December 8, 1740, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV. Procurator of the Apostolic See and nuncio extraordinary to the Diet of Frankfort for the election of Emperor Charles VII and as such stayed in the Imperial court, 1742-1744.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, March 16, 744. Legate in Bologna, September 23, 1743 until 1753. Opted for the title of S. Agostino, December 15, 1745. Legation prorogued for a triennium, June 25, 1746. Prefect of the S.C. of Good Government, May 6, 1754. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, retaining in commendam the title of S. Agostino, January 3, 1757. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII.

Death. January 31, 1759, Rome. Exposed and buried in the church of S. Cecilia, Rome.

Links. His tomb in S. Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome; and his portrait by Lucia Torelli, Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome.

(10) 10. LANDI PIETRA, Francesco (1682-1757)

Links. His portrait by Sebastiano Ceccarini; his portrait by Ignaz Stern, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome; and his tomb in S. Maria in Portico (Campitelli), Rome.

(11) 11. POZZOBENELLI, Giuseppe
(1696-1783)

Birth. August 11, 1696, Milan.

Education. Collegio Borromeo, Milan; University of Pavia, Pavia (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, January 5, 1722).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1730. In the archdiocese of Milan, prefect of its clergy; inspector of studies of its seminary; conservator of the Ambrosian Library; canon and dean of its metropolitan cathedral chapter. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Protonotary apostolic honorary. Vicar capitular of Milan.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Milan, July 15, 1743. Consecrated, July 21, 1743, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Via, September 23, 1743. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, August 2, 1758. Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, May 28, 1770. Cardinal protoprete. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1771. Did not participate in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI.

Death. April 27, 1783, Milan. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Milan.

(12) 12. RICCI, Francesco (1679-1755)

Links. His tomb in the church of S. Pietro in Montorio, Rome.

(13) 13. RUFFO, Antonio Maria (1687-1753)

Birth. June 11, 1687, Bagnara, archdiocese of Naples. Naepolitan patrician. Son of Francesco Ruffo, 4th duke of Bagnara, and Giovanna Moncada. Nephew of Cardinal Tommaso Ruffo (1706). Uncle of Cardinal Fabrizio Dionigi Ruffo (1791). Another cardinal of the family was Luigi Ruffo Scilla (1801).

Education. Study with the Capuchin Friars of Naples; went to Rome to live his uncle, 1699; Collegio Clementino, 1701.

Early life. Founder of the congregation delle stimmate di S. Francesco, Bagnara Calabra, 1710. Vice-legate in Ravenna, 1716. Inquisitor in Malta, 1720. Negotiated the peace between the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the Republic of Genoa; his uncle had tried to solve the conflict several years earlier. President of the Tribunal della Crascia, 1729. Auditor General of the Apostolic Chamber, 1743.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, September 23, 1743. Granted dispensation to be a cardinal without having received minor and major orders (major orders were required for cardinal priests), and having an uncle who was a cardinal., September 30, 1743.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 28, 1744, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV. Founder of the church of S. Maria degli Angeli or of the Immaculate Conception, Bagnara Calabra, 1750. Affected by gout, which at the time was incurable; his doctors advised him to return to Bagnara Calabra where he arrived on July 22, 1752.

Death. February 22 (or 3), 1753, Bagnara Calabra, archdiocese of Reggio Calabria. Buried in the church of the Immaculate Conception, dei Cappucci, Bagnara Calabra.

Link. History of the Church of the Immaculate Conception and biographical data, in Italian.

(14) 14. BOLOGNETTI, Mario (1690-1756)

Birth. 1690, Rome. Son of Count Ferdinando Bolognetti, prince of Vicovaro, and Flavia Theodoli, of the marquises of San Vito, one of the leading Roman families since the 16th century. The Bolognetti were distantly related to the Signora Cicilia Bargellini Boncompagni, sister of Pope Gregory XIII.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Signatures of Grace and of Justice, January 13, 1718. Protonotary apostolic participante, January 2, 1718. Relator of the S.C. Consistorial, July 1721. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, July 21, 1721. Vicar of S. Maria in Via Lata, December 1721. President of the Zecca, 1722-ca. 1729. Prefect of the Archives, 1731-1733. Prefect of the Annona, My 28, 1732. Commissary apostolic for the supplies of the Spanish troops, April 1736. Abbot comendatario de S. Firmano, 1737. Treasurer general of the Apostolic Chamber and prefect of Castello Sant'Angelo, Rome, October 2, 1739.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, September 23, 1743. Received the subdiaconate, December 8, 1743; diaconate, December 13, 1743.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 15, 1743. Opted for the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano, May 15, 1747. Legate in Romandiola, July 22, 1750; entered his legation, July 7, 1751; ceased as legate, December 1754. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, February 1, 1751.

Death. February 22, 1756, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Marcello in Via Lata, Rome, where the capella papalis took place on February 14, 1756; and buried in the Augustinian church of Gesù e Maria, Rome.

Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 14, 51 and 52; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7), pp. 371 and 506; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 507, no. 679.

(15) 15. COLONNA DI SCIARRA, Girolamo (1708-1763)

Birth. May 8, 1708, Rome. Of the family of the dukes of Carbognano (also known as Sciarra). Son of Francesco Colonna and Vittoria Salviati. Brother of Cardinal Prospero Colonna di Sciarra (1743). Grand-uncle of Cardinal Benedetto Barberini (1826). Other members of the family who were elevated to the cardinalate were Giovanni Colonna (1212); Giacomo Colonna (1278); Pietro Colonna (1288); Giovanni Colonna (1327); Agapito Colonna (1378); Stefano Colonna (1378); Oddone Colonna (1405; later Pope Martin V); Prospero Colonna (1426); Giovanni Colonna (1480); Marco Antonio Colonna, seniore (1565); Ascanio Colonna (1586); Girolamo Colonna (1627); Carlo Colonna (1706); Prospero Colonna (1739); Marcantonio Colonna, iuniore (1759); Pietro Colonna (1766), who took the last name Pamphili.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Protonotary apostolic. Prefect of the Apostolic Palace.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, December 2, 1743. Granted dispensation for not having received the minor orders at the time of his cardinalitial creation, September 14, 1743. Granted dispensation to to be a cardinal deacon without having received the minor orders, September 16, 1743. Received the minor orders, September 18, 1746; subdiaconate, September 21, 1746; diaconate, September 25, 1746. Legate a latere for the opening of the Holy Door of the Jubilar Year in the patriarchal Liberian basilica, December 1, 1749; for its closing, December 7, 1750. Vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, March 12, 1753 to September 20, 1756. Transferred to the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, proper of the vice-chancellor, retaining his deaconry in commendam, March 12, 1753 until September 20, 1756. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, September 20, 1756 until his death. Opted for the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, September 20, 1756. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the deaconry of S. Agata in Suburra, September 22, 1760. Grand prior in Rome of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica.

Death. January 18, 1763, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome.

Links. His engraving by Giovanni Domenico Campiglia and Antonio Pazzi; and his genealogy, K6.

(16) 16. COLONNA DI SCIARRA, Prospero (1707-1765)

Birth. January 17, 1707, Rome. Of the family of the dukes of Carbognano (also known as Sciarra). Son of Francesco Colonna and Vittoria Salviati. Brother of Cardinal Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra (1743). Grand-uncle of Cardinal Benedetto Barberini (1826). Other members of the family who were elevated to the cardinalate were Giovanni Colonna (1212); Giacomo Colonna (1278); Pietro Colonna (1288); Giovanni Colonna (1327); Agapito Colonna (1378); Stefano Colonna (1378); Oddone Colonna (1405; later Pope Martin V); Prospero Colonna (1426); Giovanni Colonna (1480); Marco Antonio Colonna, seniore (1565); Ascanio Colonna (1586); Girolamo Colonna (1627); Carlo Colonna (1706); Prospero Colonna (1739); Marcantonio Colonna, iuniore (1759); Pietro Colonna (1766), who took the last name Pamphili.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Protonotary apostolic. Prefect of the Household of His Holiness.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 9, 1743, with dispensation for having a brother in the Sacred College of Cardinals; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Giorgio in Velabro, September 23, 1743. Granted dispensation to be a cardinal deacon without having received the minor orders, September 18, 1743. Granted dispensation for not having received the minor orders at the time of his cardinalitial creation, September 19, 1743. Received the minor orders, March 28, 1745; subdiaconate, April 4, 1745; diaconate, April 12, 1745. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, February 16, 1756. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the deaconry of S. Agata in Suburra, January 24, 1763.

Death. April 20, 1765, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Marcello, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in the patriarchal Liberian basilica.

Links. His genealogy, K5; and his portrait, apparently a copy of the one by Pompeo Batoni, ca. 1750.

(17) 17. CALCAGNINI, Carlo Leopoldo (1679-1746)

Birth. February 21, 1679, Ferrara. Of a noble family. Son of Palatine Count Francesco Maria Calcagnini, 2nd marquis of Formigine, and Violante degli Albizzi. Relative of Cardinal Guido Calcagnini (1776).

Education. University of Cesena, Cesena (doctorate in law).

Early life. Auditor of the legation in Avignon, 1701. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice. Consistorial lawyer in Rome from 1720. Ambassador ad interim of Ferrara in Roma from 1722. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1723; dean, 1734. Consultor of the S.C. of Rites, 1733. Apostolic examiner of bishops, 1734. Consultor of the Hol;y Office, 1737. He was a renowned jurisconsult and left ten volumes of manuscripts with his judicial resolutions as well as several published works; he was the top expert in matters of testaments and successions of his time. Arcade of the Colonia Romana under the name of "Liso Paterniano."

Priesthood. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli, September 23, 1743.

Death. August 27, 1746, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Andrea delle Fratte, Rome, where the capella papalis took place on August 29, 1746, and buried in that same church.

Links. His tomb.

(18) 18. TANARA, Alessandro (1681-1754)

Link. His engraving by Giovanni Domenico Campiglia and Antonio Pazzi.

(19) 19. MONTI, Filippo Maria de (1675-1754)

Birth. March 23, 1675, Bologna. Son of Ferdinando Monti and Camilla Moscardini; he was a merchant and later obtained the title of marquis. Uncle of Cardinal Cornelio Caprara (1761).

Education. (No information found). A friend since childhood and classmate of Pope Benedict XIV.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals, July 24, 1730. Secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide; wrote the history of the mission in Tibet. He authored a work on the cardinals. He was famous for his wisdom.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Agnese fuori le Mura, September 23, 1743. Opted for the title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, April 10, 1747.

Death. January 17, 1754, around 3:15 a.m., Rome. Exposed in the church of Ss. Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari, Rome, where the capella papalis took place on January 20, 1754, and in the afternoon, transferred and buried in the tomb he had built in the church of S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome.

Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 14, 41 and 49; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 633.

(20) 20. BARDI, Girolamo de (1685-1761)

Priesthood. Ordained, December 15, 1743. Opted for the title of S. Maria degli Angeli in Terme, May 28, 1753. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 12, 1756. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII; had to leave it on June 24, 1758.

Death. March 11, 1761, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Marcello, Rome, and buried in his title.

(21) 21. LUCINI, O.P., Luigi Maria (1666-1745)

Birth. 1666, Milan.

Education. Entered the Order of the Preachers (Dominicans).

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Commissary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Holy Office.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Sisto, September 23, 1743.

Death. January 17, 1745, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, where the capella papalis took place on January 19, 1745, and buried in his title, according to his will.

(22) 22. TAMBURINI, O.S.B.Cas., Fortunato (1683-1761)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the title of S. Matteo in Via Merulana, September 23, 1743. First prefect of the S.C. for the Correction of the Books of the Oriental Church, dicastery established by Pope Benedict XIV. Opted for the title of S. Callisto, April 9, 1753. Prefect of the S.C. of Rites. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 17, 1755. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII.

Death. August 9, 1761, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in his title.

Bibliography. Bernabei, Nicola. Vita del Cardinale Giovanni Morone, vescovo di Modena e biografie dei cardinali modenesi e di Casa d'Este, dei cardinali vescovi di Modena e di quelli educati in questo Collegio di San Carlo. Modena : Tipografica Rossi, 1885, pp. 206-211.

(23) 23. BESOZZI, O.Cist., Gioacchino (1679-1755)

Link. His tomb in S. Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome.

(24) 24. ORSINI D'ARAGONA, Domenico (1719-1789)

Birth. June 5, 1719, Naples. Nephew of Pope Benedict XIII. The family gave the church another two popes and several cardinals: Celestine III (1191-1198); Nicholas III (1277-1280); Matteo Orsini (1262); Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P. (1278); Giordano Orsini (1278); Napoleone Orsini (1288); Francesco Napoleone Orsini (1295); Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (1316); Matteo Orsini, O.P., (1327); Rinaldo Orsini (1350); Giacomo Orsini (1371); Poncello Orsini (1378); Tommaso Orsini (1382/85); Giordano Orsini, iuniore (1405); Latino Orsini (1448); Cosma Orsini, O.S.B. (1480); Giovanni Battista Orsini (1483); Franciotto Orsini (1517); Flavio Orsini (1565); Alessandro Orsini (1615); and Virginio Orsini, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1641).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. He was 15th duke of Gravina, 6th prince of Solofra, 5th prince of Vallata, 2nd prince of Roccagorga, prince of the Holy Roman Empire, count of Muro Lucano, patriacian of Naples, Genoa, Ancona, and Venice, noble of Corneto, count Palatino, Grande de España, second prince Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, 1735, and Roman Noble. Knight perpetuo della stola doro. Ambassador of the Queen of Naples before Pope Clement XIII. Married Princess Anna Paola Flaminia Odescalchi dei Duchi di Bracciano in 1738. After she died in 1742, he was created cardinal.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of September 9, 1743; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Vito e Modesto, September 23, 1743. Granted dispensation to be a cardinal without having received the minor orders, March 16, 1744. Opted for the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano, November 26, 1753. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, January 24, 1763. Received the subdiaconate, March 6, 1768; diaconate, March 20, 1768.

Priesthood. Ordained, November 6, 1768. Participated in the Participated in the conclave of 1769, which elected Pope Clement XIV. Participated in the conclave of 1774-1775, which elected Pope Pius VI. Opted for the deaconry of S. Agata in Suburra, February 17, 1777. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata, December 13, 1779. Cardinal protodeacon.

Death. January 10, 1789, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria in Vallicella, Rome, where the funeral took place, privately transferred to the patriarchal Lateran basilica, and buried there in his family's tomb in the chapel of S. Barbato, bishop, according to his will.

Link. His tomb in the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome.

(25) 25. BAYERN, Johann Theodor von
(1703-1763)

Birth. September 3, 1703, Münich. Of the family of the dukes of Bavaria. He was the youngest surviving son of Prince Emanuel of Bavaria from his second marriage with Theresia Kunigunde, daughter of the King of Poland.

Education. University of Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Bavaria; University of Siena, Siena (1719-1723). Received the clerical tonsure.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Ratisbon (Regensburg) by its cathedral chapter, July 29, 1721; preconized, October 14, 1721. The dean of Ratisbon, Franziskus Wolfgang von Neuhaus, was named coadministrator for temporal affairs, November 13, 1721. Two days later, November 15, 1721, Godfried Johannes Lanwert von Simmern, titular bishop of Germanicopoli, was named administrator for spiritual affairs. Granted permission to be elected bishop of Freising, May 26, 1723. Elected coadjutor bishop of Freising by its cathedral chapter, November 5, 1723. Granted permission to be elected bishop of Hildesheim, December 9, 1723. Granted permission to be elected bishop of Eischtätt, January 12, 1725. Preconized bishop coadjutor of Freising, with right of succession, while retaining the diocese of Ratisbon, April 12, 1726. Administrator of the temporal affairs of the diocese of Freising, March 8, 1727. Two days later, March 10, 1727, Johannes Sigmund Zeller von Leibersdor, titular bishop of Belle and suffragan of Freising, and Johannes Ludwig Joseph von Welden, canon of the cathedral chapter of Freising, were appointed administrators for spiritual affairs of the diocese of Freising. At this time he was only a subdeacon and the father of an illegitimate daughter. Sole administrator of the temporal affairs of the see of Ratisbon, September 4, 1727. Granted dispensation to receive the diaconate and the presbyterate outside of Ember days, December 17, 1728.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 9, 1730. Granted dispensation to receive the episcopal consecration being only 27 years old, August 4, 1730. Administrator of spiritual affairs of the sees of Ratisbon and Freising, December 14, 1730. Granted dispensation to be elected to the provostal college of Ellwangen.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of September 9, 1743; published in the consistory of January 17, 1746; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Pansiperna, April 27, 1746. Granted permission to be elected bishop of Speyer, September 23, 1743. Granted dispensation to be elected bishop of Liège, December 27, 1743. Elected bishop of Liège by its cathedral chapter, January 23, 1744; preconized, February 12, 1744, retaining the dioceses of Ratisbon and Freising as administrator. Did not participate in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli, February 12, 1759. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, July 13, 1761. Cardinal protoprete.

Death. January 27, 1763, Liège. Exposed and buried in Saint-Lambert cathedral, Liège; his heart, after old custom of the Bavarian Wittelsbacher was buried in Grace Chapel, Altöettinger.

Bibliography. Rottmanner, Max. Der Cardinal von Baiern. München : 1877; Weitlauff, Manfred. Kardinal Johann Theodor von Bayern (1703-1763), Fürstbischof von Regensburg, Freising und Lüttich. Ein Bischofsleben im Schatten der kurbayerischen Reichskirchenpolitik. Regensburg : 1970. (Beiträge zur Geschichte des Bistums Regensburg 4).

Links. Biography, in German; and his genealogy, A2, B1 D10.

PALLAVICINI, Francesco Maria (1674-1749)

Birth. June 7, 1674, Cremona.

Education. University of Pavia, Pavia (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, July 30, 1693). Received the insignias of the clerical character, November 7, 1686; minor orders, August 11, 1698; subdiaconate, August 17, 1698; and diaconate, August 24, 1698.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 31, 1698. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Secretary of the S.C. of the Apostolic Visitation.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Naupactus, September 11, 1724. Consecrated, October 1, 1724, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIII. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 17, 1724. Preceptor commendatario of the archhospital of S. Spirito in Sassia, Rome, November 8, 1737.

Cardinalate. Declined promotion to the cardinalate offered by Pope Benedict XIV in the consistory of September 9, 1743. Promoted to the titular patriarchate of Antioch, September 23, 1743.

Death. July 23, 1749, Rome. Exposed and buried (no information found).

BUONDELMONTE, Filippo (1691-1741)