(22) 1. ALMEIDA, Tomás de (1670-1754)
Birth. October 5, 1670, Lisbon. Baptized on that same day. Of the family of the counts of Avintes.
Education. University of Coimbra, Coimbra (licentiate in canon law, May 14, 1694). Received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders, November 22, 1784; subdiaconate, February 25, 1695; diaconate, May 22, 1695.
Priesthood. Ordained, June 12, 1695. Procurator of the royal treasure. Protochancellor of the kingdom. President of the ecclesiastical department. Secretary of state of the King of Portugal.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Lamego, December 6, 1706. Consecrated, April 3, 1707, convent of the Augustinians, Lisbon, by Nuno da Cunha e Ataide, titular bishopp of Targa, assisted by Andrea Bottado, titular bishop of Hippo, suffragan of Braga, and by Pedro de Foyos, titular bishop of Bodona, suffragan of Lisbon. Transferred to the see of Porto, July 22, 1709. Promoted to the Occidental patriarchate of Lisbon, December 7, 1716.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 20, 1737; never received the red hat and the title. First cardinal patriarch of Lisbon (1). Did not participate in the conclave of 1740, which elected Pope Benedict XIV. Inquisitor general of the Portuguese kingdom, June 22, 1743.
Death. February 27, 1754, Lisbon. Buried in the Jesuit church of San Roque, Lisbon.
Bibliography. Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, pp. 234, 322 and 397; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 8.
Link. Brief biographical data in Os Cardeais Portugueses - Nota Histórica, in Portuguese
(1) On November 7, 1716, Pope Clement XI, at the request of King João, elevated the royal chapel to patriarchal basilica, and divided the city and archdiocese of Lisbon into two parts, Oriental and Occidental Lisbon. The old archdiocese became Oriental Lisbon and the new Occidental archdiocese received the patriarchal denomination. It was also agreed by the pope and the king that the patriarch of Lisbon should be created a cardinal in the first consistory celebrated after his appointment to that see. The two circumscriptions were united on December 13, 1740. There have been sixteen patriarchs of Lisbon from Tomás de Almeida to José da Cruz Policarpo (1998).
(23) 2. LA TOUR D'AUVERGNE DE BOUILLON, Henri-Osvald de (1671-1747)
Birth. November 5, 1671, Barcy, diocese of Anvers, France. Nephew of Cardinal Emanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon (1669)
Education. La Sorbonne University, Paris (doctorate in theology, May 1695).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Vicar general of the archdiocese of Vienne. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Strasbourg, 1684. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Liége. Abbot commendatario of Redon, 1692. Abbot commendatario of Conches, 1694. Vicar general of his uncle, abbot of Cluny, Tournus and Saint-Martin. Coadjuor of Cluny, April 22, 1697, when his uncle went to Rome; abbot in 1715. Grand provost of Strasbourg, 1697. Promoted to the archdiocese of Tours by Pope Clement XI at the end of 1719, was transferred to the metropolitan see of Vienne by Pope Innocent XIII in 1721, before having received the papal bulls (1).
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Vienne, March 23, 1722. Consecrated, May 10, 1722, novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Paris, by Cardinal Armand-Gaston de Rohan, bishop of Strasbourg, assisted by Louis de La Vergne de Tressan, bishop of Nantes, and by Léonor Goyon de Matignon, bishop of Coutances. Deputy to the Assembly of the Clergy, 1723, Paris. First almoner of the king of France, 1732-1742. Commander of the Order of Saint-Esprit, 1733. President of the Assembly of the Clergy, 1734.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 20, 1737. Participated in the conclave of 1740, which elected Pope Benedict XIV. Received the red hat and the title of S. Callisto, September 16, 1740.
Death. April 23, 1747, Paris. Exposed and buried (no information found).
Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 371-372.
Link. His portrait, by Claude Drevet, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California, United States.
(1) This is according to Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, VIII, 278. Hierarchia Catholic Medii et Recentioris Aevi, V, 395, not only does not mention this nomination but indicates that Armand-Pierre de La Croix de Castries was nominated to the metropolitan see of Tours by the king of France on January 29, 1717 and preconized by the pope on September 18, 1719; and occupied it until September 23, 1722, when he was transferred to Albi. On p. 415, Hierarchia Catholica indicates that Henri-Oswald de La Tour d'Auvergne was nominated to the metropolitan see of Vienne by the king of France on January 11, 1721 and preconized by the pope on March 23, 1722; and that he resigned on July 3, 1745. Other sources, such as Arthur André Gabriel Michel de Boislisle's notes to the Mémoires de Saint-Simon (Paris : Hachette, 1879-1930, 43 vols.), indicate that he was named archbishop of Tours in 1719 but was not installed (ne s'installa pas) and exchanged it for the see of Vienne in 1721; and Johann Heinrich Zedler, Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexikon (Graz, Austria : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1961, 1732), concurs and delays his appointment to Vienne until 1722. The site of the archbishops of Tours indicate that he was archbishop of that see from 1719 to 1721.
(24) 3. LAMBERG, Joseph Dominicus von (1680-1761)
Birth. July 8, 1680, in the fief of his family in Styria, Upper Austria. Nephew of Cardinal Johannes Philipp von Lamberg (1700)
Education. Studied in Besançon, France and in Siena; Collegio Clementino, Rome (1694).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). In the diocese of Passau, where his uncle was the bishop, canon of its cathedral chapter, 1699; official; vicar general, November 1703; and provost in 1704. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Salzburg, 1706.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Seckau, 1712. Consecrated (no information found). Granted permission to be elected bishop of Passau, November 19, 1712 and February 11, 1719. Elected bishop of Passau by its cathedral chapter, January 2, 1723. Preconized, March 15, 1723.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 20, 1737. Participated in the conclave of 1740. Received the red hat and the title of S. Pietro in Montorio, September 16, 1740. Did not participate in the conclave of 1740, which elected Pope Benedict XIV (1). Did not participate in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII.
Death. August 30, 1761, Passau. Exposed and buried in the crypt of the cathedral of Passau in the mausoleum he had built for himself. His heart is in an urn in the high altar of Mariahilf .
Links. Brief biographical data, in German.
(1) This is according to Hierarchia Catholic Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VI, 19. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, VIII, 279, indicates that he participated in this conclave.
(25) 4. MOLINA Y OVIEDO, O.E.S.A., Gaspar de (1679-1744)
Birth. January 28, 1679, Mérida, Spain. Baptized on the same day of his birth.
Education. Entered the Order of the Hermits of Saint Augustine, 1694, against the will of his parents. (No further educational information found).
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). In his order, professor and regent of the school of Seville; prior in Cádiz, 1712; provincial of the Roman province, 1718; definitor general, 1720. Consultor and qualificator of the Holy Inquisition. Assistant general of Spain and the Indies in Rome. Participated in the Lateran council celebrated by Pope Benedict XIII, 1724. Obtained the title of master in Sacred Theology. King Felipe V of Spain entrusted him with important and delicate missions.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Santiago de Cuba, September 11, 1730. Consecrated, Saturday February 24, 1731, church of San Agustín of the Augustinian friars, Seville, by Luis de Salcedo Azcona, archbishop of Seville, assisted by Tomás del Valle, P.O., bishop of Cádiz, and by José Esquivel Castillejos, O.P., titular bishop of Licopoli, auxiliary of Sevilla. Never went to this diocese. Transferred to the see of Barcelona, June 18, 1731. Never went to this diocese because he was named commissary general of the Spanish Crusade, July 28, 1733 and president of the Council of Castille, June 23, 1734. Transferred to the see of Málaga, May 5, 1734. Never went to this diocese either because of the grave affairs that he had to tend to.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 20, 1737; never received the red hat and the title. Did not participate in the conclave of 1740, which elected Pope Benedict XIV.
Death. August 30, 1744, suddenly, Madrid (1). Buried in front of the main altar of the Augustinian church of San Felipe, Madrid.
Bibliography Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. 9 vols. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1794, VIII, 279-281; Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1700-1867). Españoles obispos en españa, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 29), p. 51; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 8, 115, 240 and 273.
Links. Biography, in Spanish; and his engraving by Antonio Pazzi.
(1) This is according to Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, VIII, 281. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VI, 8, indicates that he died in San Ildefonso Hispaniarum, which could be La Granja de San Ildefonso, the summer palace of the kings of Spain in Segovia.
(26) 5. LIPSKI, Jan Aleksander (1690-1746)
Birth. (No date found), Huczkov, diocese of Gnesen, Poland. Baptized, June 15, 1690. Of the family of the counts of Lipski.
Education. Roman Seminary, Rome (licentiate in canon law); La Sorbone University, Paris; La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, October 7, 1717). Spoke five languages. Received the insignias of the clerical character, April 4, 1711; minor orders, April 6, 1711; subdiaconate, March 11, 1713; diaconate, April 1, 1713.
Priesthood. Ordained, April 23, 1719. Provost of Choczkense, in the fief of his family. Primicerius of the cathedral chapter of Gnesen. Custodian of the Royal Church of Warsaw. Provost of the cathedral chapter of Posen. President of the Supreme Tribunal of the kingdom. Counselor and chancellor of the archbishop of Gnesen. Vice-chancellor of the Kingdom of Poland from 1730.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Luzk (or Luck, now Lutsk), March 31, 1732. Consecrated (no information found). Senator of the kingdom. Transferred to the see of Kraków, December 19, 1732. Crowned King August III of Poland, 1734.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 20, 1737; never received the red hat and the title. Did not participate in the conclave of 1740, which elected Pope Benedict XIV. Declined the nomination to the primatial see of Poland.
Death. February 20, 1746, Kieke. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Kraków.
Link. His engraving by Johann Martin Bernigeroth.
(27) 6. D'ELCI, Raniero (1670-1761)
Birth. March 7, 1670, Florence. Of the family of the counts D'Elci. Nephew of Francesco d'Elci, archbishop of Pisa.
Education. University of Siena, Siena (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, August 2, 1695).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1699. Prelate of the Roman Curia, 170o. Vice-legate of Romagna, 1701. Governor of Fano, January 22, 1707. Relator of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta. Governor of Recanati, June 27, 1709. Inquisitor in the Island of Malta, February 24, 1711. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, May 2, 1716. Vice-legate of Avignon, May 20, 1719. Referendary of the Supreme Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Rodi, November 22, 1730. Consecrated (no information found). Nuncio in France, January 2, 1731.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of December 20, 1737; published in the consistory of June 23, 1738; received the red hat and the title of S. Sabina, July 23, 1738. Transferred to the archbishopric of Ferrara, May 5, 1738. Participated in the conclave of 1740, which elected Pope Benedict XIV. Resigned government of the archbishopric, September 15, 1740. Legate in Ferrara, September 16, 1740. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina, retaining his title in commendam, April 10, 1747. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, April 10, 1747. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, retaining his title in commendam, April 9, 1753. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri, proper of the dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, retaining his title in commendam, January 12, 1756. Participated in the conclave of 1758, which elected Pope Clement XIII.
Death. June 22, 1761, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, his parish, where the funeral took place, and buried in his title in the chapel of his family dedicated to S. Caterina da Siena.
Links. His tomb in the basilica of S. Sabina, Rome.
(28) 7. REZZONICO, seniore, Carlo (1693-1769)
Birth. March 7, 1693, Venice. Son of Giovanni Battista Rezzonico, senator of the Republic of Venice, and Vittoria Barbarigo, sister of Pietro Barbarigo, patriarch of Venice. Uncle of Cardinal Carlo Rezzonico, iuniore (1758). Relative of Cardinal Giovanni Battista Rezzonico (1770).
Education. Jesuit School, Bologna; University of Padua, Padua (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law); Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome.
Early life. Protonotary apostolic participantium. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, 1716. Governor of Rieti, May 21, 1718. Governor of Fano, July 12, 1721. Relator of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta, 1725. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota for Venice, 1729 (or 1725).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1731.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 20, 1737; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, January 27, 1738. Participated in the conclave of 1740, which elected Pope Benedict XIV. Apostolic visitor of the Reverend Fabric of St. Peter's, December 17, 1740.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Padua, March 11, 1743. Consecrated, March 19, 1743, in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, by Pope Benedict XIV, assisted by Cardinal Giuseppe Accoramboni, bishop of Frascati, and by Cardinal Antonio Saverio Gentili. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli, May 15, 1747. Opted for the title of S. Marco, February 17, 1755. Participated in the conclave of 1758 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected pope, July 6, 1758. Took the name Clement XIII. Crowned, July 16, 1758, loggia of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Alessandro Albani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.
Death. The night of February 2, 1769, Rome, of an apoplexy. Exposed and buried, February 8, 1769, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome; transferred on September 27, 1774 within the same basilica to a monument scuplted by Antonio Canova at the request of the pope's nephew, Senator Abbondio Rezzonico.
Bibliography. Cajani, Luigi ; Foa, Anna. "Clemente XIII." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, III, 461-475; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 237, 345 and 863.
Links. Biography, in English; his episcopal lineage, in English; portrait, arms and biographical information, in English; his portrait by Anton Rafael Mengs; and his tomb by Antonio Canova in patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome.
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