(2) 1. MARTELLI, Francesco (1633-1717)

Birth. 1633, Florence. Of a patrician family.

Education. University of Pisa, Pisa (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Florence. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government in the pontificate of Pope Clement IX. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Governor of Faenza. Governor of Spoleto. Vice-legate in Ferrara. Received the subdiaconate, August 25, 1675; diaconate, September 1, 1675.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 8, 1675.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Corinto, September 9, 1675. Consecrated (no information found). Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, September 20, 1675. Nuncio in Poland, September 20, 1675. Secretary of the S.C. of the Ecclesiastical Immunity in the pontificate of Pope Innocent XI. Secretary of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta, July 27, 1691. Promoted to the titular patriarchate of Jerusalem, July 21, 1698.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Eusebio, June 25, 1706.

Death. September 28, 1717, at 11 p.m., in his Roman palace where he had retired because of the gout that afflicted him. Exposed in the church of S. Agostino, Rome, where the funeral also took place, and buried next to the main door of that same church.

(3) 2. BADOARO, Gianalberto (1649-1714)

Birth. March 11, 1649, Venice. Son of Francesco Badoaro and Elena Michiel. His last name is also listed as Badoer, Baduario, Badoero and Baduaro. Nephew of Alberto Badoaro, bishop of Crema, who educated him and for whom he received his second baptismal name. Received the ecclesiastical tonsure from his uncle in 1663.

Education. University of Padua, Padua (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Early life. Named archdeacon of Crema and abbot commendatario of S. Pietro di Colle; after the death of his uncle the bishop in 1677, in repudiation of nepotism, he resigned both posts and went to Padua.

Priesthood. Ordained, after 1677, Padua, by Gregorio Barbarigo, bishop of Padua, future saint. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Padua. Primicerius of the cathedral chapter of Venice.

Episcopate. Elected patriarch of Venice, September 27, 1688. Consecrated (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706. Transferred to the see of Brescia, with personal title of patriarch, June 7, 1706. Received the red hat and the title of S. Marcello, June 25, 1706. Opted for the title of S. Marco July 11, 1712.

Death. May 17, 1714, Brescia. Exposed and buried in the chapel of S. Antonio in the cathedral of Brescia.

Beatification. A very pious man, he had fame of holiness; the process of beatification has been opened and he has been declared a venerable.

Bibliography. Niero, Antonio. I patriarchi di Venezia. Da Lorenzo Giustiniani ai nostri giorni. Venice : Studium Cattolico Veneziano, 1961. (Collana Storica, 3), pp. 133-136.

(4) 3. CASONI, Lorenzo (1643-1720)

Birth. 1643, Sarzana. Of a noble family. Son of Niccolò Casoni, count of Villanova. Cousin of Msgr. Agostino Favoriti, secretary of Latin letters whom he succeeded. Grand-uncle of Cardinal Filippo Casoni (1801). Relative of Luigi Vannicelli-Casoni (1839).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Accompanied Luigi Bevilacqua, titular patriarch of Alexandria, nuncio extraordinary to the Congress of Nijmegen to sign the peace between France and Holland, 1678-1679. Canon of the chapter of S. Maria in Via Lata, Rome. Secretary of the Cipher and of Latin letters, 1682. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome. Secretary of the S.C. Consistorial and of the Sacred College of Cardinals, December 19, 1682.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarea, March 3, 1690, with dispensation for not having received the diaconate and presbyterate, March 3, 1690. Consecrated (no information found). Nuncio before the regent of Naples, March 4, 1690. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, March 23, 1690. Assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, December 11, 1701.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Bernardo alle Terme, June 25, 1706. Legate in Ferrara, November 7, 1707; had declined the legation in two occasions before. Legate in Bologna, September 9, 1709. Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, January 21, 1715. Together with Cardinal Enrico Noris, O.E.S.Aug., was part of the anti-Jesuit party.

Death. November 19, 1720, near 10 p.m., Rome. Exposed in his title, where the funeral also took place, and buried near the main altar in that same church.

Link. His tomb in S. Pietro in Vincoli, Rome.

(5) 4. CORSINI, Lorenzo (1652-1740)

Birth. April 7, 1652, Florence. Of the noble family of the marchesi Castigliano. Son of Palatine Count Bartolomeo Corsini and Elisabetta Strozzi, of the marquises of Forano. Relative of St. Andrea Corsini, bishop of Fiesole. Nephew of Cardinal Neri Corsini (1664); cousin of Cardinal Giambattista Patrizi (1715); uncle of Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini (1730); uncle of Cardinal Giovanni Antonio Guadagni, O.C.D. (1731); and great-uncle of Cardinal Andrea Corsini (1759).

Education. Collegio Romano, Rome; University of Pisa, Pisa (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Early life. Resigned his primogeniture and entered the ecclesiastical state in 1685 after the death of his uncle and his father. In the pontificate of Pope Innocent XI, he purchased for 30,000 scudi, according to the custom of the times, the post of regent of the Apostolic Chancery. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. President della Grascia, 1690, post that he purchased for 80,000 scudi.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Nicomedia, April 10, 1690. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, May 4, 1690. Consecrated, June 18, 1690, Rome, by Cardinal Flavio Chigi, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, assisted by Francesco de Marini, titular archbishop of Teodosia, and by Francesco Martelli, titular archbishop of Corinto. Nuncio in Austria, July 1, 1690; did not occupy the post because of differences between Pope Alexander VIII and Emperor Leopold. Treasurer and collector general of the Apostolic Chamber, December 6, 1695. Superintendent of Castello Sant'Angelo, Rome, and commissary of the Sea, December 9, 1695.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Susanna, June 25, 1706. Legate in Ferrara, September 9, 1709. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 19, 1710 to January 26, 1711. Prefect of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, November 22, 1720. Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, December 16, 1720. Participated in the conclaves of 1721 and 1724. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, November 17, 1725. Participated in the conclave of 1730 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected Pope Clement XII on July 12, 1730. Crowned, July 16, 1730, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Lorenzo Altieri, protodeacon of S. Agata in Suburra.

Death. February 6, 1740, Rome. Exposed and buried, on February 10, 1740, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. On July 27 (1), 1742, his remains were transferred to the Corsini chapel in the patriarchal Lateran basilica.

Bibliography. Caracciolo, Alberto. "Clemente XII." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, III, 439-446; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 24, 43, 50, 52, 59 and 288; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 3-5; Raybaud, Léon Pierre. Papauté et pouvoir temporel sous les pontificats de Clément XII et Benoît XIV, 1730-1758. Paris : J. Vrin, 1963. (Bibliothèque de la Société d'histoire ecclésiastique de la France).

Links. Biography, in English; biography, in Italian; his episcopal lineage, in English; portrait, arms and biographical information, in English; another bust by Filippo della Valle, in Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Ghent, Belgium; his monument by Ferdinando Fuga (design) and Filippo della Valle (execution), parochial basilica of S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini, Rome; his portrait, Palazzo Corsini, Rome; his statue by Rocco Pozzi, Campidoglio, Rome; his tomb, Corsini Chapel, patriarchal Lateran basilica; his bust in the same basilica.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VI, 4; his biography in English in the The Catholic Encyclopedia, linked above, indicates that the translation of his remains took place on July 20, 1742.

(6) 5. FIESCHI, Lorenzo (1642-1726)

Birth. May 21, 1642, Genoa. Of an ancient and illustrious family. He was baptized on that same day. Relative of Cardinal Giacomo Franzoni (1658). The family gave the Church Popes Innocent IV and Adrian V; and Cardinals Guglielmo Fieschi (1244); Luca Fieschi (1300); Giovanni Fieschi (1378); Ludovico Fieschi (1384); Giorgio Fieschi (1439); Nicolò Fieschi (1503); and Adriano Fieschi (1834). Received the clerical tonsure, May 26, 1652.

Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure.

Early life. Vice-legate of Urbino. Governor of Campania; Perugia; and Macerata. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, November 23, 1689.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found).

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Avignon, July 10, 1690. Consecrated (no information found). Acting vice-legate of Avignon until the arrival of the legate, July 19, 1691. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, March 31, 1695. Nuncio extraordinary in France to negotiate the peace between the European princes, January 21, 1702. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Genoa, May 18, 1705.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Pace, June 25, 1706. Did not participate in the conclaves of 1721 and 1724.

Death. May 1, 1726, in the archiepiscopal residence of Genoa. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Genoa, and buried in the chapel of S. Giorgio in that cathedral.

Link. His engraving by Domenico Rossi.

(7) 6. ACQUAVIVA D'ARAGONA, Francesco (1665-1725)

Birth. October 4 (or 14), 1665, Naples. Of the family of the dukes of Atri. Son of Giosia III Acquaviva d'Aragona, 14th duke of Atri, and Francesca Caracciolo. His last names are also listed as Aquaviva d'Aragonia. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona, iuniore (1654). Uncle of Cardinal Troiano Acquaviva d' Aragona (1732). Grand-uncle of Cardinal Pasquale Acquaviva d'Aragona (1770). Other cardinals of the family were Giovanni Vincenzo Acquaviva d'Aragona (1542); Giulio Acquaviva d'Aragona (1570); and Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona, seniore (1591).

Education. University of Fermo, Fermo (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Early life. Vice-legate in Fermo. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace and domestic prelate of His Holiness, November 25, 1688. Chamberlain of honor of Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689). Vice-legate in Ferrara, 1689. Inquisitor in Malta, December 12, 1689. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, May 21, 1694. Nuncio in Switzerland, 1697; did not occupy the post. Prefect of the Cubiculi of His Holiness, November 16, 1697.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Larissa, with dispensation for not having yet received the presbyterate, December 2, 1697. Consecrated, December 22, 1697, Rome, by Cardinal Gaspare Carpegna. Nuncio in Spain, April 6, 1700 until December 7, 1706.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Bartolomeo all'Isola, June 8, 1707. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, January 28, 1709. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 26, 1711 until March 2, 1712. As protector of the Kingdom of Spain since 1713 was the virtual Spanish ambassador before the Holy See, participating in matters such as arranging the marriage of King Philip V and Princess Isabella Farnese of Parma, August 20, 1714; in charge of Spanish affairs from July 1716. Resided in the Palace of Spain, Rome. Participated in the conclaves of 1721 and 1724. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina, retaining in commendam his title, June 12, 1724.

Death. January 9, 1725, at 5 a.m., Rome. Transferred to the church of S. Cecilia on the following day, the funeral took place on January 11, 1725, with the participation of Pope Benedict XIII. Buried in the sepulchre that he had built for himself in that same church.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1794, VIII, 84-88; Karttunen, Liisi. Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes de 1650 à 1800. Genève : E. Chaulmontet, 1912. (Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia. Sarja B. Nid.5,; no. 3), pp. 87 and 231; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, V, 24, 42, 44, 59 and 237; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7), pp. 253 and 439.

Links. The Acquaviva cardinals; his portrait by an anonymous artist; his portrait by Pietro Nelli, Museo di Roma, Rome; his portrait by Damiano Carpentier, Convent of S. Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome; and his tomb in S. Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome.

(8) 7. RUFFO, Tommaso (1663-1753)

Birth. September 15, 1663, Naples. Son of Carlo Ruffo, 3rd duke of Bagnara, and Andreana Caracciolo. Cousin of Cardinal Giacomo Boncompagni (1695). Uncle of Cardinal Antonio Maria Ruffo (1743). Grand-uncle of Cardinal Fabrizio Dionigi Ruffo (1791). Another cardinal of the family was Luigi Ruffo Scilla (1801).

Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Internuncio in Brussels in the pontificate of Pope Innocent XI. Vice-legate in Ravenna. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature. Inquisitor in Malta, May 21, 1694; reconciled the Sovereign Order of Malta with the Republic of Genoa.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of of Nicea, April 7, 1698. Consecrated, April 13, 1698, Rome, by Cardinal Fabrizio Spada. Nuncio in Tuscany, April 19, 1698. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, May 8, 1698. Having being offered the nunciature in Austria or in Spain, he accepted the latter but before occupying the post was named prefect of the Cubiculi of His Holiness on March 23, 1700; confirmed in this post by the new Pope Clement XI, November 27, 1700. Declined the appointment to the metropolitan see of Naples, 1702.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; granted dispensation from the impediment of having a cousin in the Sacred College of Cardinals, May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, June 25, 1706. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, Jaunuary 29, 1709. Legate in Romagna, September 9, 1709. Legate in Ferrara, February 19, 1710. Transferred to the see of Ferrara, with personal title of archbishop, May 10, 1717. Participated in the conclave of 1721. Legate in Bologna, June 16, 1721. Participated in the conclave of 1724. Legation prorogued for a triennium, June 12, 1724. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, July 1, 1726. Legate in Ferrara, June 25, 1727. Participated in the conclave of 1730. Resigned government of the archiepiscopal see of Ferrara, April 26, 1738 (the see had been elevated to the rank of archdiocese immediate subiecta to the Holy See, April 27, 1725). Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, September 3, 1738. Vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Participated in the conclave of 1740. Vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church and commendatario of the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, proper of the post, August 20, 1740 until his death. Secretary of the Supreme S.C. of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, August 29, 1740 until his death. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velltri, proper of the dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, August 29, 1740.

Death. February 16, 1753, at 2:30 p.m., in the palace of the chancery, Rome. Transferred to the basilica of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, Rome, on February 18, 1753; the following day the office of the dead was sung by the religious of a mendicant order and after, the capella papalis took place. Buried in the sepulchre that he had built for himself in the chapel of S. Niccolò in that same basilica.

Links. His engraving by Johannes Christoph Kolb; his portrait by Pier Leone Ghezzi, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome; and his tomb in the church of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, Rome.

(9) 8. SPADA, Orazio Filippo (1660-1724)

Birth. December 23, 1659, Lucca. Went to Rome when he was 7 years old. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Giambattista Spada (1654) who educated him.

Education. La Sapienza University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, December 30, 1679).

Early life. Privy chamberlain of Pope Innocent XI. Ablegato to bring the red biretta to new Cardinal Francesco Buonvisi, nuncio in Austria, 1681. Canon of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 27, 1694. Internuncio in Brussels.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tebe, September 15, 1698. Consecrated (no information found). Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, September 28, 1698. Nuncio in Cologne, October 31, 1698. Papal plenipotentiary to the Congress of Ryswick, Holland. Nuncio in Austria, January 28, 1702. Nuncio in Poland, November 17, 1703. Nuncio extraordinary before Emperor Leopold to reestablish the peace disturbed by the war of succession to the Spanish throne; because of the Austrian suspicions that Rome favored the French, he could not realize his mission. Transferred to the see of Lucca, with personal title of archbishop, December 15, 1704.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Onofrio, March 21, 1707. Transferred to the see of Osimo, with personal title of archbishop, January 17, 1714. Participated in the conclaves of 1721 and 1724.

Death. June 28, 1724, at 5 a.m., of an apoplexy, in Rome, where he had gone to participate in the conclave. Transferred the following day to the church of S. Maria in Vallicella, Rome, (his title was under repairs), where the funeral took place on June 30, 1724; and buried provisionally in the church of S. Croce dei Lucchesi, Rome.

Links. Brief biographical data, in Italian; and his engraving by an anonymous artist.

(10) 9. GUALTERIO, Filippo Antonio (1660-1728)

Birth. March 24, 1660, Fermo. Of a family from Orvieto. Eldest of the seventeen children of Stanislao Gualterio, gonfaloniere of Orvieto, and Anna Maria Cioli, noble of Todi. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Carlo Gualterio (1654). Uncle of Cardinal Luigi Gualterio (1759). His last name is also listed as Gualtiero.

Education. University of Fermo, Fermo (doctorates in philosophy, theology, and utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Early life. Governor of San Severino, February 17, 1685 until 1686. Governor of Fabriano, April 20, 1686 until 1688. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, 1687. Governor of Iesi, 1688-1689. Governor of Camerino, September 16, 1689 until 1692. Governor of Inspector general of the Annona. Governor of Loreto, October 1692. Governor of Viterbo, June 27, 1695. Vice-legate in Avignon, March 8, 1696 until July 26, 1700.

Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found).

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Atena, March 30, 1700. Consecrated (no information found). Nuncio in France, April 3, 1700. Transferred to the see of Imola, with personal title of archbishop, November 21, 1701.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706. Legate in Romagna, June 25, 1706. Received the red hat and the title of S. Crisogono, April 30, 1708. Protector of Scotland in 1706. Transferred to the see of Todi, with personal title of archbishop, October 14, 1709; resigned the see, December 5, 1714; succeeded by his brother Ludovico Anselmo Gualterio. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 2, 1712 until January 30, 1713. Commander of the Order of the Saint-Esprit. Abbot commendatario of Saint-Remy, Reims, 1710. Abbot commendatario of Saint-Victor, Paris, 1713 (or 1714). Protector of England, 1717. Participated in the conclave of 1721. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, January 29, 1724. Participated in the conclave of 1724. Opted for the title of S. Prassede, July 31, 1726.

Death. April 21, 1728, at 9:30 a.m., in his palace in via del Corso, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Prassede, Rome, where the capella papalis took place on August 23, 1728; and buried provisionally in that same church. Transferred to the cathedral of Orvieto and buried in the tomb of his uncle in the family's chapel in that cathedral.

Bibliography. Karttunen, Liisi. Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes de 1650 à 1800. Genève : E. Chaulmontet, 1912, p. 246; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, pp. 25, 44, 45, 50, 9, 103, 228 and 394; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 508; Weber, Christoph. Legati e governatori dello Stato Pontificio : 1550-1809. Roma : Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1994. (Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato. Sussidi; 7) pp. 134, 176, 225, 277, 282, 370, 381, 433 and 716.

Link. Correspondence of Cardinals Gualterio in the British Library, London, England (type "Gualterio" in "Name").

(11) 10. VALLEMANI, Giuseppe (1648-1725)

Link. His tomb in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome.

(12) 11. SACHSEN-ZEITZ, Christian August von (1666-1725)

Link. Biography, in Hungarian.

(13) 12. PALLAVICINO, Rannuzio (1633-1712)

Birth. 1633, Parma. Of a noble family. He is also listed as Ranuccio Palavicini.

Education. University of Münich, Münich (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Early life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Inquisitor in Malta. Secretary of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council. Governor of Rome and vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, March 15, 1696 until July 27, 1706.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Agnese fuori le mura, June 25, 1706. Member of Accademia dell'Arcadia.

Death. June 30, 1712, at 2 a.m., of an apoplexy, in his residence Palazzo Farnese, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Francesco a Ripa, Rome, where the funeral took place on July 2, 1712; and buried in front of the main altar of that same church.

(14) 13. PARACCIANI, Giandomenico (1646-1721)

Birth. August 6, 1646, Rome. Of a noble family. His last name is also listed as Parracciani. Relative of Cardinal Urbano Paracciani Rutili (1766).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Protonotary apostolic. Governor of Benevento in the pontificate of Pope Innocent XI. Auditor of Cardinal Alderano Cibo, secretary of State. Auditor of Cardinal Francesco Barberini. Vicar of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Auditor of His Holiness. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Pro-secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Anastasia, June 25, 1706. Granted dispensation to receive the diaconate and presbyterate outside of Ember days and without time intervals between them, February 28, 1707. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 30, 1713. Prefect of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars (?).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Senigallia, July 9, 1714. Consecrated, November 18, 1714, Rome, by Cardinal Fabrizio Paolucci. Vicar general of Rome, November 7, 1717. Resigned government of the diocese, November 18, 1717. Entered the conclave of 1721 but had to leave because of illness, and so did not vote on May 8, 1721, the day when the new pope, Innocent XIII, was elected.

Death. May 9, 1721, Rome. Transferred to the church of Santissimi Nome di Gesù, Rome, the following day. The funeral took place on May 11, 1721 in that church, and the following day at 2 a.m. was transferred to the church of S. Rocco a Ripetta, Rome, and buried in the tomb of his family in the chapel of the Madonna.

(15) 14. CAPRARA, Alessandro (1626-1711)

Birth. 1626, Bologna. Relative of Cardinal Urbano Sacchetti (1681).

Education. Obtained doctorates in philosophy and theology; University of Bologna, Bologna (doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law). Went to Rome after finishing his studies.

Early life. Auditor of Cardinal Urbano Sacchetti, prefect of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature. Consistorial lawyer in the pontificate of Pope Alexander VII. Lieutenant of the auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. Datary of the Sacred Roman Rota. Appointed regent of the Apostolic Penitentiary by Cardinal Leandro Colloredo, grand penitentiary, September 6, 1696; confirmed by apostolic brief, September 17, 1696.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, June 25, 1706.

Death. June 9, 1711, at 4:30 a.m., in his palace in Foro Agonale, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria in Vallicella, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in the church of S. Maria del Suffragio.

(16) 15. LA TRÉMOILLE, Joseph-Emmanuel de (1659-1720)

Birth. July 7 (1), 1659, Thouars (?), France. His last name is also listed as Trémouille. Son of Louis de la Tremoïlle, duke of Noirmoutiers, and brother of Anne-Marie de la Tremoïlle, princess of los Ursinos, who was very influential in the courts of France and Spain, and who obtained for her brother numerous posts and benefices. Of the same family but from a different branch as Cardinal Jean-François de la Trémoille (1506).

Education. La Sorbonne University, Paris (doctorate).

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1693. Abbot of Ligny, 1695; of Sorèze 1702. Vicar of the diocese of Laon. Ambassador of King Philippe V of France while he was in Naples, 1702-1706.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of SS. Trintà al Monte Pincio, June 25, 1706. Minister of France before the Holy See, 1706 until his death. Abbot of Bellecombe, 1706; of Grand Selve, June 1707; and of St. Etienne de Caen, Julio 1710. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 14, 1714 to January 31, 1715.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bayeux, June 8, 1716. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Cambrai, May 11, 1718. Consecrated, May 30, 1719, church of S. Maria degli Angeli, Rome, by Pope Clement XI, assisted by Fabrizio Paoulucci, bishop of Albano, and by Cardinal Francesco Pignatelli, Theat., archbishop of Naples. Member of the Order of Saint-Esprit.

Death. January 10, 1720, at, 1 a.m., in his palace near Monte Pietà, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, where the funeral took place on January 13, 1720, and buried in that same church.

Bibliography.Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 371-372; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, pp. 25, 52, 59, 111 and 139.

Links. His engraving by an anonymous artist; and his tomb in the church of S. Luigi dei Francesi, Rome.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, V, 25, that says he died at 60 years, 6 months and 3 days on January 10, 1720; Chapeau, Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973, p. 371-372, says that he was born on July 11, 1660.

(17) 16. FILIPPUCCI, Gabriele (1631?-1706)

Birth. 1631?, Macerata.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Declined the appointments made by Pope Innocent XII of canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica and voter of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature. Subdatary, December 23, 1695. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature, June 1, 1699. Auditor of His Holiness. Consultor of the Apostolic Penitentiary.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Consistorial lawyer. Canon of the patriarchal Lateran basilica. Auditor of Pope Innocent XII.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706. He declined the promotion and a commission of thirteen cardinals was appointed to study if a man should be considered a cardinal once named by the pope even if he declined the nomination. The conclusion was negative, and in the secret consistory of June 7, 1706, Pope Clement XI accepted his decision to decline the cardinalate.

Death. July 21, 1706, at 7 p.m., Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Ignazio, Rome, where the funeral took place on July 22, 1706, and transferred in the evening to the patriarchal Lateran basilica and buried there.

(18) 17. FABRONI, Carlo Agostino (1651-1727)

Birth. August 28, 1651 (or 1661), in the Palazzo Fabroni, Pistoia. Cousin of Cardinals Giacomo Rospigliosi (1667) and Felice Rospigliosi (1673).

Education. Seminario Romano, Rome.

Early life. Secretary of Memorials, July 14, 1691. Secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, September 16, 1695. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, September 19, 1695. Appointed by datary of the Apostolic Penitentiary by Cardinal Leandro Colloredo, grand penitentiary, September 6, 1696; confirmed in that post by apostolic brief, September 17, 1696. Abbreviatore of the Roman Curia, July 19, 1698. Appointed secretary of secret letters of the Apostolic Penitentiary by Cardinal Leandro Colloredo, grand penitentiary, January 3, 1702; confirmed in that post by apostolic brief, May 6, 1702.

Priesthood. Ordained (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the title of S. Agostino, June 25, 1706. He is considered quasi autore of the papal constitution Unigenitus. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 31, 1715. Participated in the conclaves of the 1721 and 1724. In 1726 he donated his large book collection of about 6710 volumes to what is now the Biblioteca Fabroniana in Pistoia. Prefect of the S.C. of the Index (?).

Death. September 19, 1727, near 10 p.m., in his Roman palace. Exposed in the church of S. Agostino, Rome, where the vigil took place on September 21, 1727, and the capella papalis on the following day. Buried in front of the main altar of that same church.

(19) 18. COLONNA, Carlo (1665-1739)

Birth. November 4, 1665, Rome. Son of the 8th duke of Paliano. Of an ancient and illustrious family. Grand-uncle of cardinals Marcantonio Colonna, iuniore (1759) and Pietro Pamfili (1766). Other members of the family who were elevated to the cardinalate were Giovanni Colonna (1212); Giacomo Colonna (1278); Pietro Colonna (1288); Giovanni Colonna (1327); Agapito Colonna (1378); Stefano Colonna (1378); Oddone Colonna (1405; later Pope Martin V); Prospero Colonna (1426); Giovanni Colonna (1480); Marco Antonio Colonna, seniore (1565); Ascanio Colonna (1586); Girolamo Colonna (1627); Prospero Colonna (1739); Girolamo Colonna Sciarra (1743); Prospero Colonna Sciarra (1743); Pietro Colonna (1766), who took the last name Pamphili.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Protonotary apostolic. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, March 7, 1696. Prefect of the Apostolic Palace, March 8, 1696.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria della Scala, June 25, 1706. Opted for the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, May 6, 1715. Participated in the conclaves of 1721, 1724 and 1730. Opted for the deaconry of S. Agata in Suburra, July 24, 1730.

Death. July 8, 1739, Rome. Exposed in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place on July 10, 1739, and buried in the choir chapel of the patriarchal Lateran basilica. His entrails were buried in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli.

Link. His tomb in the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome; and his genealogy, I3.

(20) 19. PRIULI, Pietro (1669-1728)

Birth. March 14, 1669, Venice. His last name is also listed as Prioli. Grand-nephew (1) of Pope Alexander VIII.

Education. (No information found)

Early life. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. President of the Apostolic Chamber, December 23, 1701. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, September 23, 1705.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Adriano, June 25, 1706. Granted dispensation to receive the sacred orders outside of Ember days and without time intervals between them, December 17, 1706.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bergamo, May 14, 1708. Consecrated, July 1, 1708, Rome, by Pope Clement XI. Opted for the title of S. Marco, May 6, 1720. Participated in the conclaves of 1721 and 1724.

Death. January 22 (or 24), 1728 (2), at 9 p.m., Venice. The funeral took place in the church of S. Paolo, Veince. Transferred to Bergamo and buried in the cathedral of S. Agostino of that city.

Link. His engraving by an anonymous artist.

(1) Hierarchia Catolica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, V, 25, says that he was pronepos, grandson or grand-nephew of Pope Alexander VIII. In this case, it has to be grand-nephew since there is no record whatsoever that that pope was ever married or had children. The page of his engraving cited above, indicates that he was Großneffe, grand-nephew, of that pope. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, VIII, 105, indicates that he was his nipote per canto materno, nephew on his mother's side.
(2) This is date given by Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, V, 25. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, VIII, 106, indicates that he died in 1727, and points out that other sources, erroneously, give as the date of his death January 24, 1728 and January 21, 1727. He says that the latter is due to the confusion occasioned by the Venetian custom of principiare il nuovo anno alli 25. di marzo.

(21) 20. GRIMALDI, Nicola (1645-1717)

Birth. December 16, 1645, Castle della Pietra, Naples. Of an illustrious Genoese family. He belonged to the old, original Grimaldi family of Monaco. The "modern" family was called Goyon-Matignon. The family gave the church another three cardinals: Girolamo Grimaldi (1527), Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni (1643) and Girolamo Grimaldi (1730).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Governor of several cities of the Papal States during the pontificate of Pope Innocent XI. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, October 22, 1692. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, March 1696. Secretary of the S.C. of Ecclesiastical Immunity and of Bishops and Regulars, 1701.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 17, 1706; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria in Cosmedin, June 25, 1706. Legate in Bologna, September 13, 1706. Granted dispensation to receive the diaconate and the presbyterate outside of Ember days and without time intervals between them, April 2, 1707. Prefect of the S.C. of the Sacred Consulta until his death. Opted for the order of priests and the title of S. Matteo in Via Merulana, June 8, 1716.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1716.

Death. October 25, 1717, at 4 p.m., in his Roman palace. Exposed in the Capuchin church of Santissima Concezione, Rome, where the funeral took place on October 27, 1717, and buried near the door of that same church. He left an inheritance estimated at 1.5 million French pounds.

©1998-2008 Salvador Miranda.