(14) 1. WARTENBERG, Franz Wilhelm von (1593-1661)
Birth. March 1, 1593, Münich, Bavaria. Eldest son of Duke Ferdinand of Bavaria and his morganatic wife Maria Pettenbeckin.
Education. Jesuit School, Ingolstadt (1601-1608); Collegio Germanico, Rome, 1608-1614 (philosophy, theology and canon law).
Early life. Provost of the collegiate church of Alt-Attingen, 1604. In charge of the governmental affairs of elector Ferdinand of Cologne, 1621. Accompanied the elector to the Diet of Ratisbon, 1622. Provost of the cathedral church of Regensburg. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Freising. Received the subdiaconate, May 25, 1634; diaconate, June 4, 1634.
Priesthood. Ordained, November 29, 1636, Regensburg, by Albert von Törring, bishop of Regensburg.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Osnabrück by its cathedral chapter, October 27, 1625. Preconized, January 27, 1627 (1). Granted permission to accede to the see of Minden when its cathedral chapter consented, by apostolic brief of September 13, 1629. Commissioned to execute the Edict of Restitution of 1629 in Lower Saxony. Provost of the collegiate church of Bonn. Elected bishop of Verden, retaining the see of Osnabrück and with right to accede to the see of Minden, by apostolic brief of June 26, 1630. Elected bishop of Minden, 1633 (2). In 1633, the see of Osnabrück fell to the Swedish forces and he had to turn it to Gustavus of Wasaburg, an illegitimate son of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. Consecrated, December 8, 1636, Regensburg, by Nuncio Malatesta Baglioni, bishop of Pesaro. In 1641, he traveled to Rome. Elected bishop coadjutor of Regensburg (Ratisbon or Ratisbona), with right of succession, by its cathedral chapter with the consensus of its bishop, November 9, 1642. Preconized, December 15, 1642. Represented the Catholic electors in the proceedings of the Peace of Westphalia from March 15, 1643 to 1648; the peace was signed on October 24, 1648 (3). Vicar apostolic of the diocese of Bremen, May 4, 1645. His other sees were taken over by Protestants but he retained the jurisdiction over the spiritual affairs. Succeeded to the see of Regensburg, April 12, 1649. Chief of the imperial delegation sent by Emperor Ferdinand III to Regensburg.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 5, 1660; never went to Rome to receive the red hat and the title.
Death. December 1, 1661 (4), Regensburg. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Regensburg.
Bibliography. Schwaiger, Georg. Kardinal Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg als Bischof von Regensburg (1649-1661). München ; K. Zink, 1954. (Münchener theologische Studien. I. Historische Abteilung; Bd. 6); Wartenberg, Franz Wilhelm von. Diarium Wartenberg. Edited by Joachim Foerster. Münster, Westfalen : Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1987-1988. 2 vols. (Acta Pacis Westphalicae.; Serie III; Abt. C; Diarien; Bd. 3). Vol. 1. 1644-1646 -- Vol. 2. 1647-1648; Wartenberg, Franz Wilhelm von. Politische correspondenz des Grafen Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg, Bischofs von Osnabr|ck, aus den Jahren 1621-1631. Edited by Hermann Forst. Leipzig : S. Hirzel, 1897.
Links. Biography, in English; and portrait and another biography, in German.
(1) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IV, 267. The Catholic Encyclopedia, linked above, indicates that he received papal approval on April 25, 1626.
(2) The see of Minden was suppressed in 1648 in the Peace of Westphalia and became part of the territory of the prince of Brandenburg.
(3) One of the provisions of the peace treaty was that for the diocese of Osnabrück a Catholic bishop and a Protestant bishop, from the house Braunschweig Lueneburg, would alternate in its government.
(4) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IV, 33. Dictionnaire des Cardinaux, col. 1640, indicates that he died on November 21, 1661.
(15) 2. VIDONI, seniore, Pietro (1610-1681)
Birth. November 8, 1610, Cremona. Of a patrician family. Nephew of Cardinal Girolamo Vidoni (1626). Relative of Cardinal Pietro Vidoni, iuniore (1816).
Education. Studied in several Italian universities and obtained a doctorate.
Early life. Went to Rome at a young age. In the pontificate of Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644), was named governor of the cities of Rimini, Tivoli, Sabina, Orvieto, and Spoleto; vice-legate of Romagna or Ferrara?, 1640; vice-prefect of Fermo; and president della Marca.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Lodi, July 13, 1644. Consecrated, October 9, 1644, church of S. Andrea della Valle, Rome, by Cardinal Giambattista Maria Pallotta, assisted by Ranuzio Scotti, bishop of Borgo San Donnino, and by Patrizio Donati, bishop of Minori. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, May 28, 1652. Nuncio in Poland, May 28, 1652 until April 5, 1660.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 5, 1660; received the red hat and the title of S. Callisto, July 4, 1661. Legate in Bologna, April 17, 1662. Participated in the conclave of 1667, which elected Pope Clement IX. Resigned government of the diocese, June 16, 1669. Participated in the conclave of 1669-1670, which elected Pope Clement X; Spain presented the veto against his election (1). Opted for the title of S. Pancrazio, March 13, 1673. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 28, 1675 to February 24, 1676. Participated in the conclave of 1676, which elected Pope Innocent XI.
Death. January 5, 1681 (2), Rome. Exposed and buried in the Carmelite church of S. Maria della Vittoria, next to his uncle's tomb.
Link. His episcopal lineage, in English.
(1) This is according to Giancarlo Zizola, Il conclave. Storia e segreti. L'elezione papale da San Pietro a Giovanni Paolo II, (Rome : Newton, 1993), p. 124; Frederic Baumgartner, Behind locked doors. A history of the papal elections (New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), p. 160, says that Spain declared that it was not going to exclude anybody.
(2) This according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IV, 34. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinal della Santa Romana Chiesa, VII, 150, indicates that he died in 1681 and that he was 71 years old. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 1614, indicates that he died on January 5, 1680 at 71 years of age, and that he had been born on November 8, 1610. This source also says, erroneously, that he was named archbishop of Monreale in 1670.
(16) 3. BARBARIGO, Gregorio (1625-1697)
Birth. September 16, 1625, Venice. Of the noble family of the doges of Venice Marcantonio Barbarigo (1485-1486) and Agostino Barbarigo (1486-1502). Son of Venetian Senator Giovanni Francesco Barbarigo and Lucrezia Lion. His baptismal name was Gregorio Giovanni Gasparo. His last name is also listed as Barbadico and Barbadigo. Uncle of Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Barbarigo (1719). Relative of Cardinal Marcantonio Barbarigo (1686). Another cardinal of the family was Angelo Barbarigo (1408).
Education. University of Padua, Padua (Greek, mathematics, history, philosophy, and doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, Septemberl 25, 1655).
Early life. In 1643, accompanied Venetian ambassador Aloise Contarini to Münster for the negotiations to prepare the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War and which was signed on October 24, 1648. There he became acquainted with Archbishop Fabio Chigi, nuncio in Cologne, future Pope Alexander VII, and also a participant in the negotiations. After three years, in 1646, he returned to Venice and continued his studies in Padua.
Priesthood. After a long period of reflection, decided to become a priest and was ordained on December 21, 1655. Went to Rome in 1656, called by Pope Alexander VII. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bergamo, July 9, 1657. Consecrated, July 29, 1657, church of S. Marco, Rome, by Cardinal Marcantonio Bragadin. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, September 14, 1657.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 5, 1660; received the red hat and the title of S. Tommaso in Parione, June 21, 1660. Transferred to the see of Padua, March 24, 1664. Participated in the conclave of 1667, which elected Pope Clement IX. Did not participate in the conclave of 1669-1670, which elected Pope Clement X. Participated in the conclave of 1676, whcih elected Pope Innocent XI. The pope kept him in Rome for three years as a counselor in difficult questions and entrusted to him the supervision of the Catholic teachings in the city. He also worked for the reunification with the Oriental Churches. Opted for the title of S. Marco, September 13, 1677. Participated in the conclave of 1689, which elected Pope Alexander VIII. Participated in the conclave of 1691, which elected Pope Innocent XII.
Death. June 18, 1697, Padua. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Padua.
Sainthood. Beatified by Pope Clement XIV on July 6, 1771. Canonized by Pope Bl. John XXIII on May 26, 1960.
Bibliography. Gauchat, Patritium. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IV (1592-1667). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1967, pp. 34, 50, 113, and 276; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen V (1667-1730). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1952, p. 47; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), I, 98; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 463-464.
Links. Biography, in German; portrait and biography, in Italian; images and biography, in Spanish; portrait and biography, in Spanish; portrait and biography, in Spanish; his engraving by Giovanni Maria Morandi; mural of his beatification by Domenico Corvi, 18th century, church of S. Marco, Rome; his portrait and engraving; and his portrait by Carlo Ceresa, San Giovanni Bianco, province of Bergamo, Italy.
(17) 4. ARAGÓN- CÓRDOBA-CARDONA Y FERNÁNDEZ DE CÓRDOBA, Pascual de (1626-1677)
Birth. 1626, in the Palau de la Riera, Mataró, diocese of Barcelona, Spain. He was baptized on April 11, 1626 and received the names Pacual Agustín Alejandro Luis Ramón Antonio Enrique Vicente Nicolás Francisco Pedro Tomás. His last name is also listed as de Aragonia and d'Aragona. Of an illustrious house related to the royal family. Son of Enrique de Aragón-Córdoba-Cardona y Enríquez de Cabrera, 6th duke of Cardona and 5th of Segorbe, viceroy of Navarra and Catalonia, and his second wife, Catalina Fernández de Córdoba y Figueroa. Brother of Cardinal Antonio de Aragón-Córdoba-Cardona y Fernández de Córdoba (1647).
Education. Educated at home by Dr. Don Francisco Dou, later bishop of Gerona, (reading, writing, Christian doctrine, grammar, rhetroic and basic philosophy). University of Salamanca, Salamnaca (canon and civil law); rector (1), November 5, 1638 until May 27, 1639; obtained a licentiature in canons, May 1639. Entered Colegio San Bartolomé, University of Salamanca, December 13, 1642. Bachiller in law, March 11, 1649; licentiate in law, March 30, 1649.
Early life. Public professor at the University of Toledo. Knight of the Order of Alcántara, 1646. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Toledo, 1647; archdeacon of Talavera, 1648; resigned canonship, 1648. Major chaplain of Toledo, 1649. Archdeacon of Castro, Córdoba; resigned archdiaconate, 1651. Professor of Instituta at Colegio de Santa Catalina de Toledo, 1649. Promotor fiscal of the Inquisition, 1651. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Toledo again, February 1652. From January 25, 1653, regent of Catalonia in the Supreme and Royal Council of Aragón. Chaplain major of the Royal Chapel de Reyes Nuevos, cathedral of Toledo, May 1554.
Priesthood. Ordained, 1655, by Cardinal Baltasar Moscoso y Sandoval, archbishop of Toledo. Protector and benefactor of the Capuchin nuns of Toledo.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 5, 1660; received the red hat and the title of S. Balbina, November 21, 1661. Viceroy of Naples, 1664. Supreme inquisitor of all the Spanish kingdom, September 1665; did not occupy the post because he was still in Italy when promoted to the archdiocese of Toledo; resigned the post, 1666. Ambassador plenipontentiary of Spain before the Holy See to negotiate the peace among the Christian princes and advance the war against the Turks.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Toledo, February 1, 1666. Consecrated, February 28, 1666, parish of S. Vitale, Pozzuoli, by Gabriel Adarzo Santander y Martínez de Viaín, O. de M., archbishop of Otranto, assisted by Benedicto Sánchez Herrera, bishop of Pozzuoli, and by José Caballero, bishop of Monopoli. Did not participate in the conclave of 1667, which elected Pope Clement IX. Did not participate in the conclave of 1669-1670, which elected Pope Clement X. As archbishop of Toledo, member of the Council of Regency instituted while King Carlos II was a minor; in 1675, resigned the council and returned to Toledo; recalled in January 1677 to mediate between Minister Valenzuela and Juan José de Austria who aspired to govern. Did not participate in the conclave of 1676, which elected Pope Innocent XI.
Death. September 28, 1677 (2), at 4 p.m., Madrid. Buried in the church of the convent of the Capuchins nuns, Toledo. In June 1680, a large marble gravestone with an inscription in Spanish was placed above his tomb. On February 10, 1910, his bones were placed in an urn of Novelda stone and placed again under the marble gravestone.
Bibliography. Estenaga y Echevarría, Narciso de. El Cardenal Aragón (1626-1677), estudio histórico. 2 vols. Paris : Imprentas E. Desfossés, 1930-1932; Finestres y Monsalvo, Jaime; Guitert y Fontseri, Joaquin. Historia del Real Monasterio de Poblet, llustrada con disertaciones curiosas sobre la antiguedad de su fundacisn : catálogo de abades y memorias cronológicas de sus gobiernos, con las de papas, reyes y abades generales de Císter tocantes a Poblet. Barcelona : Editorial Orbis, 1947-1955. 6 vols; Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1500-1699). Españoles obispos en españa, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 34), p. 201.
Link.His engraving by Aubertus Cluet.
(1) The university had the custom of naming rector one of its students from the most illustrious families of the kingdom.
(2) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IV, 34. The same source, IV, 339, says that he died in November 1677.
(18) 5. MANCINI, Francesco Maria (1606-1672)
Birth. 1606, Rome. His brother Michele was married to the sister of Cardinal Jules Raymond Mazarin (1641).
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Papal prelate, 1633. Governor of the cities of Terni, Sabina, Norcia, and Todi. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. In charge of the abbeys of Saint-Martin, diocese of Laon, Maison-de-Dieu, diocese of Clermont, Saint-Lucien, diocese of Beauvais, and Saint-Pierre-du-Mont, diocese of Chalons, of which Cardinal Jules Mazarin was the abbot. Secretary of the S.C. of Good Government, 1657.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of April 5, 1660; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Vito e Modesto, April 19, 1660. Participated in the conclave of 1667, which elected Pope Clement IX. Participated in the conclave of 1669-1670, which elected Pope Clement X. Opted for the order of priests and the title of S. Matteo in Via Merulana, May 14, 1670.
Death. June 29, 1672, near 4 a.m., in Marino, fief of the house of Colonna, diocese of Albano. Buried in the parish church of S. Barnaba, Marino.
Link. His tomb and cenotaph, church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome.
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