(30) 1. LE VENEUR, JEAN (?-1543)

Birth. (No date found) (1), Normandy, France. Son of Philippe Le Veneur, baron of Tillières, Homme and Valquier, and Marie Blosset; they married in 1450. Nephew of Bishop Étienne Blosset, his predecessor in the see of Lisieux; brother of Ambroise Le Veneur, bishop of Evreux; and uncle of Gabriel Le Veneur, also bishop of Evreux. Cousin, on his mother's side, of Cardinal Jacques d'Annebaut (1544), his successor as bishop of Lisieux.

Education. (No information found).

Sacred orders. (No information found). Archdeacon of Lisieux. Canon of the chpater of the cathdral of Paris. Abbot commendatario of Saint-Grestain.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Lisieux, October 2, 1505; occupied the see until August 18, 1539. Consecrated, 1505 (no further information found). Dean of Evreux, 1511-1535. Member of the Royal Council from 1516. Lieutenant general of Normandy, March 4, 1525. He received the title of count of Tillières. King François I of France named him grand almoner in 1526. He facilitated the expedition of Jacques Cartier to Canada. Abbot commendataire of Mont-Saint-Michel from 1524; and of Bec-Hellouin from 1533.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 7, 1533; received the red hat and the title of S. Bartolomeo all'Isola (2), November 10, 1533. Participated in the conclave of 1534, which elected Pope Paul III. He gave a better organization to the statutes of the see of Paris and reformed Collège Mignon; decidedly and firmly defended the cause of François Picart, famous doctor, exiled to Reims because of calumnies invented against him by the heretics; and obtained his triumphant return to Paris, where the people were persuaded of his innocence. He was a trusted advisor of King François I.

Death. August 7, 1543, Marle, Picardy (3). Buried church of Sanit-Andre d'Appeville.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols. 1605-1606; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 132; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1480; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 22, 61 and 224.

Links. Brief biographical data, in French; and his portrait, grand hall of the castle of Carrouges.

(1) His biographical data in French, linked above, says that he was born in 1505 but that was the year in which he was elected and consecrated a bishop.
(2) This is according to all the sources consulted except Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 1606, which says that he received the title of S. Susanna.
(3) This is according to Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 132; , II, col. 1480, says that he died in Rome and was buried there.

(31) 2. LONGWY DE GIVRY, Claude de (1481-1561)

Birth. 1481, Franche-Conté, France. Son of Philippe de Longwy, seigneur of Pagny and of Givry, and Jeanne de Bauffremont, dame de Mirebeau. His last name is also listed as Longuy. He was called Cardinal de Givry. Nephew of Étienne de Longwy, bishop of Macon, who resigned the see in his favor. Relative of Cardinal Anne d'Escars de Givry, O.S.B., (1596).

Education. Obtained a bachelor in decrees (no further information found).

Sacred orders. Cleric of Langres. Received the diaconate. Treasurer of Saint-Martin de Tours. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Macon; later, its archdeacon.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Mâcon, April 24, 1510; resigned the government of the see, November 10, 1529. Consecrated (no information found). Administrator of the see of Langres, 1528 until his death. Abbot commendatario of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon; and of the abbey of Potiers. Abbot commendatario of the Augustinian monastery of Saint-Étienne Aedunensis, diocese of Rieux.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 7, 1533; received the red hat and the title of S. Agnese in Agone, November 10, 1533. Administrator of the see of Poitiers, April 29, 1534 until January 30, 1551. Participated in the conclave of 1534, which elected Pope Paul III. Administrator of the see of Périgueux, August 27, 1540; resigned the administration, August 27, 1541. Administrator of the see of Amiens, September 24. 1540; resigned the administration before February 12, 1546. Did not participate in the conclave of 1549-1550, which elected Pope Julius III. Did not participate in the first conclave of 1555, which elected Pope Marcellus II. Did not participate in the second conclave of 1555, which elected Pope Paul IV. Did not participate in the conclave of 1559, which elected Pope Pius IV. Had an elegant version of the Breviary published in 1560.

Death. August 9, 1561, castle of Mussy. Buried in the cathedral of Langres.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 1144; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 132-134; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1480; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 22, 59, 106, 226, 238, 272 and 274.

Links. His genealogy; brief biographical data, in French; catalog of the bishops of Amiens; and his portrait.

(32) 3. COLIGNY DE CHÂTILLON, Odet de (1517-1571)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 7, 1533; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Sergio e Bacco, November 10, 1533. Participated in the conclave of 1534, which elected Pope Paul III. Abbot commendatario of Saint Bénigne de Dijon, of Fleury, of Ferrière and of Vaux de Cernay.

Episcopate. Administrator of the metropolitan see of Toulouse, April, 29, 1534; at that time he had not received the priestly ordination; resigned the administration, October 20, 1550. Consecrated (no information found). Administrator of the see of Beauvais (2), October 20, 1535; occupied the administration until he was deprived of his episcopal benefices on March 31, 1563. Abbot commendatario of Saint-Lucien de Beauvais from 1537. Opted for the deaconry of S. Adriano, February 25, 1549. Participated in the conclave of 1549-1550, which elected Pope Julius III. He was placed in charge of the library of the Royal Privy Council; he protected Ronsard, and then Rabelais, for whom he obtained, in 1550, a privilege of ten years to print books and who dedicated to him his Quart Livre. Participated in the first conclave of 1555, which elected Pope Marcellus II. Participated in the second conclave of 1555, which elected Pope Paul IV. Abbot commendatario of Ferrières from 1556. Did not participate in the conclave of 1559, which elected Pope Pius IV. In 1560, Pope Pius IV named him grand inquisitor of France; the opposition to the inquisition by the Parlement of Paris impeded him from occupying the position. Abbot commendatario of Grandchamps. Abbot commendatario of Quincy and of Vézelay from 1560. Influenced by his parents and his brothers, he publicly became a Calvinist in April 1561 and greatly helped those of the Huguenot party; he participated with his brother in the religious wars and was a mediator between the Protestants and Queen Catarina de' Medici. In 1562 the Inquisition declared him a heretic. He escaped to Lyon, relinquished his title of cardinal and called himself the count of Beauvais. In the secret consistory of March 31, 1563, Pope Pius IV declared him heretic for having become a Calvinist and deprived him of all his episcopal and cardinalitial benefices. In December 1564, he married Isabeau de Hauteville (3) wearing, at the request of the Huguenots, his cardinal's robes. His position as a leader of the Protestants forced him to leave for England in 1568, to flee persecution from Queen Caterina de' Medici. In London, Queen Elizabeth I favored him and his wife, who was called Mme. la Cardinale. He was preparing to go to La Rochelle to join his brother when he was poisoned.

Death. April 13, 1571 (4), Master Homor's, the guest-house for pilgrims, Canterbury (5), poisoned by his valet de chambre; it was rumored that at the instigation of Queen Caterina de' Medici. Buried in Trinity Chapel, Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, England. His widow claimed her dowry in 1602 but the Parlement of Paris denied her petition.

Bibliography. Atkinson, Ernest G. The Cardinal of Châtillon in England, 1568-1571 : a paper read on November 13, 1889, before the Huguenot society of London. London : printed by Spottiswoode & co., 1890; Becquerel, Antoine César. Souvenirs historiques sur l'amiral Coligny : sa famille et sa seigneurie de Châtillon-Sur-Loing. 2d ed. Paris : Firmin-Didot, 1876; Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols 692-693; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 134-135; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, cols. 1480-1481; Coligny, Odet de, cardinal de Chbtillon, 1515-1571. Correspondance d'Odet de Coligny, cardinal de Chatillon (1537-1568). Recueillie et publiée par M. Léon Marlet. Paris, A. Picard, 1885. (Documents publ. par la Sociité historique & archéologique du Gatinais; I); Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 22, 72, 76, 131 and 315; Marlet, Léon. Le Cardinal de Châtillon : 1517-1571. Paris : H. Menu, 1883.

Links. Biography, in English; brief biography, in French; his portrait, ca.1535, École française, châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon, Versailles, France; his portrait, ca. 1550, atelier of François Clouet, musée Condé, Chantilly, France; portrait of Isabeau de Hauteville by François Clouet, musée Condé, Chantilly, France; his portrait, attributed to François Clouet, musée Condé, Chantilly, France; his drawing, atelier of François Clouet, musée Condé, Chantilly, France; another version of the same drawing, atelier of François Clouet, musée Condé, Chantilly, France; stained-glass window of his presentation to the Risen Christ by Saint-Odet, church of Saint-Acceul, Ecouen, France; medallion with his bust by Adolphe Disiré Crauk, called Gustave, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Valenciennes, France; Les trois Coligny, Odet, cardinal, à gauche, Gaspard au milieu, François à droite by an anonymous artist, musée Condé, Chantilly, France; his engraving; and another engraving, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nürnberg, Germany; his painting as Neptune and biographical data, in French, at the middle of the page; his tomb, Trinity Chapel, Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, England.

(1) Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 692: "He was educated with great care and was remarkable for his spirit and his liking of the humanities".
(2) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 22 and 131; and Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 134; his biography in English, linked above, says that he was named bishop and count of Cambrai; neither Eubel nor Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957), listed him among the occupants of that see.
(3) She is also listed as Elizabeth de Kanteville.
(4) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 22; Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 693, says that he died on February 14, 1571; and his biography in English, linked above, says that he died on March 22, 1571.
(5) This is according to William Danks and E. W. Haslehust, E. W. Canterbury. (London : Blackie, 1910); and his biography in English, linked above; his brief biography in French; and the page of the medallion with his bust, both linked above, indicate that he died in Hampton Court, London.

(33) 4. LA CHAMBRE, O.S.B., Philippe de (ca.1490-1550)

Sacred orders. Ordained (no information found). Elected by the pope abbot in commendam of the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-Corbie, 1523; a legal battle followed because the king of France had named Cardinal Louis de Bourbon to the same abbey; he could not take possession until a sentence of the parliament in October 1528 recognized his rightful appointment by the pope; as soon as he was invested as abbot, he left Corbie for Paris and never returned, except to collect the rents and to pay the allowances due to the Cardinal of Bourbon.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 7, 1533; received the red hat and the title of S. Martino ai Monti, November 10, 1533. Participated in the conclave of 1534, which elected Pope Paul III.

Episcopate. Administrator of the see of Belley (2), January 8, 1535 until May 24, 1538. Opted for the title of S. Prassede, March 23, 1541. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, February 15, 1542. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, September 24, 1543. Administrator of the see of Quimper, July 19, 1546 until his death. Participated in the conclave of 1549-1550, which elected Pope Julius III.

Death. February 21, 1550, Rome. Buried in the church of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio, Rome.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols. 650-651 ; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 136; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1480; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 22, and 130-131.

Links. Biography, in Italian; his genealogy, suite, no. 2; another genealogy.

(1) This is according to Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 650; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 136; and his biography in Italian, linked above; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 22, 130-131, does not mention that he was a Benedictine. He certainly behaved like a commendatario and not like a Benedictine abbot after the parliament recognized his appointment.
(2) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 136; and his biography in Italian, linked above, say that he was named bishop of Boulogne, also known as Terovanne or Terouane; and the site of the Abbey of Saint-Pierre-de-Corbie, linked above, says that he was bishop of Tournai; neither Eubel nor Pius Bonifatius Gams (Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957) list him among the occupants of those sees.

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