(6) 1. SAN PAOLO, O.S.B., Giovanni di (?-1216)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon without a deaconry in the consistory of February 20, 1193 (2); subscribed papal bulls issued between March 23 and April 27, 1193. In May 1193, he was named cardinal priest of S. Prisca; subscribed papal bulls issued between May 28, 1193 and December 2, 1204. Attended the canonization of S. Giovanni Gualberto on October 1, 1193. Some sources indicate that Pope Celestine III, at the end of his life, tried to resign the papacy and designate Cardinal San Paolo his successor. Participated in the papal election of 1198, in which was elected Pope Innocent III. He was a friend and protector of Francesco d'Assisi, founder of the Order of the Friars Minor and future saint; he helped the founder obtain the papal approval of the Franciscan rule; he was named first protector of the order.

Episcopate. Promoted to the suburbicarian see of Sabina in 1204; subscribed papal bulls issued between January 9, 1205 and April 21, 1214. Consecrated (no information found).

Death. Before July 16, 1216, Rome. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Bihl, Michael. "De Iohanne de S. Paulo, Cardinali episcopo Sabinensi, primo S. Francisci in Curia Romana an. 1209 fautore." Archivum Franciscanum Historicum, XIX (1926), 2, 282-285; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 181-183; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romæ : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1161-1162; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 158-159; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 3, note 1, no. 13; Kartusch, Elfriede. Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181-1227 ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalates im Mittelalter. Dissertation: Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Wien, 1948, p. 254-260; Maleczek, Werner. Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardindle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III. Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984. (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. I. Abteilung, Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd.; Variation: Publikationen des Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom.; 1. Abteilung ; Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd), p.114-117; Tillmann, Helene. "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo. II/2. Identificazione dei cardinali del secolo XII di provenienza Romana." Rivista di Storia della Chiesa in Italia, XXIX (July-December, 1975), 401-402.

Link. Portrait of the approval of the rule of the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans) by Domenico Corvi, 18th century, Palazzo Barberini, Rome and his engraving, Bildarchiv der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek.

(1) According to Tillmann, "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo. II/2. Identificazione dei cardinali del secolo XII di provenienza Romana." Rivista di Storia della Chiesa in Italia, p. 401, this familial denomination is based on the history of Franciscanism by Mariano da Firenze (+ 1523) to which should be denied all proving value because it is a much later source and because he added the word "Columna" to "dominus lohannes de Sancto Paulo", which was mentioned in his source "Legenda trium sociorum".
(2) This is according to Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, p. 112; Tillmann, "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo", p. 401, says that he was created cardinal in March 1193.

(7) 2. FIDANZIO (?-1197)

Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Fidantiuz and as Fredericus.

Education. He obtained the title of magistro before December 6, 1176.

Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Civita Castellana

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Marcello in the consistory of February 20, 1193 (1). Subscribed papal bulls issued between March 5, 1193 and June 25, 1196. In 1193 the pope sent him to upper Italy, where he is to implement regulations concerning internal church affairs; he first went to Genova; and then to Tortona and Alessandria, where he delegated the decision over controversies to the local clergy; from there, he went to Novara; and at the end of the month of June, he was in Verona, where he remained and delivered his lectures; in the middle of August, he went eastward to the patriarchate of Aquileia and the diocese of Padua. In February 1194, Cardinal Fidanzio stayed again in Verona; in his presence the bishop of Verona consecrated March 20 a church before the gates of the city; the legate delivered an elegant oration. The cardinal was sent in a second legation in 1196 to northern Germany and Scandinavia; he left Rome after June 25; on November 24, he was in Magdeburg, where he confirmed the transmission of goods to the archbishop by the Markgrave of Brandenburg and his brother; the legate also entered in negotiations concerning the possible excommunicated King Sverre of Norway (2); and probably, he also inquired about the marriage affair of King Philippe II August of France and Queen Ingeborg of Denmark (3); he also dealt with the fate of Bishop Valdemar of Schleswig, who was his release from a Danish prison, where he had lingered for almost thirteen years since his first rebellion against the king; the bishop was, at the insistence of Pope Innocent III, taken to Rome in chains, but managed to escape a few months later and find his way to Bremen, where he later became archbishop, even though it was without papal approval; the abbott of Ebbelholt (now Æbelholt) complained to the archbishop of Lund over the money greed of the legate, whose expenses for the mission had to be covered by the local churches and monasteries.

Death. February 19, 1197, Lund. Buried in the cathedral of Lund.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous les temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 899; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 183; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romæ : Typis Vaticanis, 11677, I, col. 1162; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 159; Kartusch, Elfriede. Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181-1227 ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalates im Mittelalter. Dissertation: Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Wien, 1948, p. 133-137; Maleczek, Werner. Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardindle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III. Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984. (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. I. Abteilung, Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd.; Variation: Publikationen des Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom.; 1. Abteilung ; Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd), p.113-114 Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, XXIV, 239.

(1) This is according to Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, p. 112; Bertone, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 899, says that he was created cardinal in 1192; Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica, XXIV, 239, says that he was created in 1192 or 1193.
(2) King Sverre of Norway was excommunicated in 1198, because he insisted on maintaining the royal right to nominate bishops. The excommunication never had any political effect. The king kept his power and his popularity in Norway until his death in 1202. He did in fact advise his son, Haakon III, to make peace with Rome.
(3) The marriage affair between king Philip II August of France and his queen, Ingeborg of Denmark is still a mystery and probably will remain so forever. Ingeborg was hardly 18 years of age, when she in 1193 was married to Philip, ten years her senior and married once before. On the day after the wedding he renounced her and demanded that the marriage be annulled. The pope refused any annulment, but in spite of this King Philip remarried in 1196. Ingeborg was reinstalled as queen in 1213 for political reasons.

(8) 3. CAPUANO, maior, Pietro (?-ca. 1214)

Birth. (No date found), Amalfi. Of the signori di Capua. Third of the sons of Landolfo Capuano; the other three were Mauro, Giovanni and Mansone. Uncle of Cardinal Pietro Capuano, minor (1219). He is also listed as Pietro di Capua, Petrus Capuanus and Pietro Caputo.

Education. He studied theology and Scholastic philosophy in Paris in the 1180s; he frequented the school of Pierre de Poitiers nad became acquainted with Robert Curzon, Stephen Langton, future cardinals; and Lotario dei Conti di Segni, future Pope Innocent III. He was considered an eminent scholar in those disciplines. He returned as cleric to Amalfi.

Early life. Professor at the University of Paris.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata in the consistory of February 20, 1193. Subscribed papal bulls issued between March 5, 1193 and July 1, 1195; and March 13, 1198 and November 11, 1200. In 1197, he was sent to Poland and Bohemia to implement several reforms, among them, the introduction the ecclesiastical celibacy; and the celebration of marriages publicly in a church. Participated in the papal election of 1198, in which was elected Pope Innocent III. Legate in Sicily. Legate in France, together with Cardinal Soffredo Errico Gaetani, from 1198 until 1200; he attended the Council of Vienne in December 1199 and placed the kingdom under an interdict. In January 1199, he was able to establish a a five year armistice between Kings Richard I of England and Philippe II of France. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Marcello in 1200. Subscribed papal bulls issued between November 23, 1201 and April 21, 1214. He was legate in the Fourth Crusade in 1204; he went to Cyprus and Syria; French and Venetian crusaders sacked Constantinople; the French removed many relics (including the Holy Shroud), to western Europe; to protect the relics of S. Andrea the Apostle, the cardinal legate brought the body of the apostle to Amalfi, where it was solemnly received on May 8, 1208, and buried in an elaborate crypt in the cathedral of the city, dedicated to the saint (1). He founded a hospice for the poor in Amalfi. At the beginning of 1211, he was proposed as patriarch of Constantinople but the promotion was not accepted by the pope. He wrote a commentary about papal law. A "Rhymed Life" of the cardinal was written by Durando de Huesca.

Death. August 30, 1214 (2), Rome. Buried n the church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome (3).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 183-186; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romæ : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1162-1163; Eggs, Georgius Josephus. "Pietro Capuano." Purpura docta, seu, Vitae, legationes, res gestae, obitus, aliaque scitu, ac memoratu digna, &c. S.R.E. Cardinalium. Farnborough, Hants., England : Gregg International, 1970, 1714. 3 v. Note: Reprint. Originally published: Monachii : Sumptibus Joan. Jacobi Remy Bibliopolae, 1714. I, 110-112; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 159; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 3, note 1, no. 26; Kartusch, Elfriede. Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181-1227 ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalates im Mittelalter. Dissertation: Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Wien, 1948, p. 330-338; Maleczek, Werner. Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardinäle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III. Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984. (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. I. Abteilung, Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd.; Variation: Publikationen des Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom.; 1. Abteilung ; Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd), p. 117-124; Maleczek, Werner. Pietro Capuano : patrizio amalfitano, cardinale, legato alla quarta crociata, teologo (+ 1214). Ed. riv. ed aggiornata dall'autore. Amalfi (Salerno) : Centro di cultura e storia amalfitana, 1997. (Biblioteca amalfitana ; 2). Note: Rev. and updated Italian ed. of Petrus Capuanus, Wien, 1988. Traduzione a cura di Fulvio Delle Donne.

<STRONG>Links. Biography, in English; biography, in Italian; biography, in Latin, V, 238 in Jo. Alberti Fabricii bibliotheca latinamediae et infimæ ætatis. Uniform Title: Bibliotheca latina mediæ et infimae ætatis. Fabricius, Johann Albert, 1668-1736 ; Schöttgen, Christian, 1687-1751 : Mansi, Giovan Domenico, 1692-1769. (Graz : Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1962, 1858. 6 v. in 3. Note: "Cum supplemento Christiani Schoettgenii jam a p. Joanne Dominico Mansi"--Original t.p./ Reprint. Originally published: Florentiae : T. Baracchi, 1858-1859; Cathedral of Sant'Andrea, Amalfi.

(1) Over time portions of S. Andrea's relics have been given to other churches, including a portion of his skull returned to the Greek Orthodox Church in Patras by Pope Paul VI. Cardinal Walter Kasper, president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, was special papal envoy to celebrations, held on May 8, 2008, marking the eighth centenary of the translation of the relics of the Apostle Andrew to Amalfi, Italy. The mission accompanying the cardinal was made up of Msgr. Carlo Papa, vicar general of the archdiocese of Amalfi - Cava de' Tirreni, and Msgr. Riccardo Arpino, president of the cathedral chapter and chancellor of the Curia.
(2) This is according to Maleczek, Pietro Capuano : patrizio amalfitano, cardinale, legato alla quarta crociata, teologo, p. 253; Eggs, "Pietro Capuano", Purpura docta", I, 112, says that he died on May 11, 1209; his biography in :atin, linked above, says that he died in 1209.
(3) This is according to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, I, col. 1163; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928, p. 159; Maleczek, Pietro Capuano : patrizio amalfitano, cardinale, legato alla quarta crociata, teologo, p. 253, says that the place of his burial is unknown.

(9) 4. BOBONE (?-1199)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Teodoro of in the consistory of February 20, 1193 (1). Subscribed papal bulls issued between March 4, 1193 and June 19, 1199. Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Participated in the papal election of 1198, in which was elected Pope Innocent III.

Death. Shortly after June 19, 1199. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 186-187; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romæ : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1164; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 159; Kartusch, Elfriede. Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181-1227 ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalates im Mittelalter. Dissertation: Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Wien, 1948, p. 105-ff.; Maleczek, Werner. Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardindle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III. Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984. (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. I. Abteilung, Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd.; Variation: Publikationen des Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom.; 1. Abteilung ; Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd), p.111; Moroni, Gaetano. Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. 103 vols. in 53. Venezia : Tipografia Emiliana, 1840-1861, XLIX, 161; Tillmann, Helene. "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo. II/2. Identificazione dei cardinali del secolo XII di provenienza Romana." Rivista di Storia della Chiesa in Italia, XXIX (July-December, 1975), 391.

Link. His genealogy, A2 B1 C1.

(1) This is according to Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, p. 112; Tillmann, "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo", p. 391, says that he was created cardinal in December 1192; Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica, XLIX, 161, says that he was created cardinal in 1192 or 1193.

(10) 5. CENCIO (ca. 1150-1227)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Lucia in Orthea in the consistory of February 20, 1193 (4). After his promotion, he continued his administrative activities. He exercised the functions of vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1194 until 1198 without having the title. In 1197, he became the tutor of the future Emperor Friedrich II. Participated in the papal election of 1198, in which was elected Pope Innocent III. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in 1200. Participated in the conclave of 1216 and was elected pope; the cardinals had delegated Cardinals Ugolino dei conti di Segni, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, and Guido Papareschi, bishop of Palestrina, to make the choise of the new pontiff and then, they elected him unanimously.

Papacy. Elected pope on July 18, 1216 in Perugia. Took the name Honorius III. He was consecrated bishop in the cathedral of S. Pietro in Perugia on July 24, 1218. Crowned by Cardinal Guido Pierleone, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano. He took possession of the patriarchal Lateran basilica on September 4, 1216. On April 9, 1217, in the basilica of S. Lorenzi fuori le mura, he crowned Pierre II de Courtenay as first Latin emperor of Bizantium; he was the only Byzantine sovereign to be crowned by a pope in Rome (5). n 1225, he issued the bull Summi providentia principis, which established severe punishment for anyone offending a cardinal, making it equivalent to a crime of lesa maestà. He created nine cardinals in six consistories.

Death. March 18, 1227, in the Lateran palace, Rome. Buried in a concha porphyretic in front of the altar of the Nativity in the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome.

Bibliography. Boyle, L. E. "The Compilatio Quinta and the Registers of Honorius III." Bulletin of medieval canon law, VIII (1978), 9-19; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1792, I, pt. 2, 187; Carocci-Marco Vendittelli, Sandro. "Onorio III." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II, 350-362; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romæ : Typis Vaticanis, 1677, I, col. 1164; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 159; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen I (1198-1431). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 3, note 1, no. 22; Guglielmi, Felice. "Onorio III." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 744-746; Kartusch, Elfriede. Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181-1227 ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalates im Mittelalter. Dissertation: Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Wien, 1948, p. 109-112; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 188-189; Lefevre, R. "Un papa Savelli (Onorio III) che non fu Savelli?" Strenna dei Romanisti, LII, (1991) 283-290; Maleczek, Werner. Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardinäle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III. Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984. (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. I. Abteilung, Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd.; Variation: Publikationen des Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom.; 1. Abteilung ; Abhandlungen ; 6. Bd), p. 111-113; Montecchi Palazzi, Teresa. "Cencius camerarius et la formation du Liber censuum de 1192." Mélanges de l'école française de Rome, 96 (1984), 1, 49-93; Powell, James M. "Honorius III and the leadership of the Crusade." The Catholic Historical Review, LXIII, 1977, 521-536; Powell, James M. "Honorius III's Sermo in dedicatione ecclesie Lateranensis and the historical-liturgical traditions of the Lateran." Archivum Historiæ Pontificiæ, XXI (1983), 195-209; Powell, James M. "Pastor bonus : some evidence of Honorius III's use of the Sermons of Pope Innocent III." Speculum, LII (1977), No. 3, 522-537; Sayers, J. E. Papal government and England during the pontificate of Honorius III. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1984; Tillmann, Helene. "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo. II/2. Identificazione dei cardinali del secolo XII di provenienza Romana." Rivista di Storia della Chiesa in Italia, XXIX (July-December, 1975), 391-393.

Links. Biography, in English; biography, in English (Britannica); biography, in German; his image, arms and biography, in Italian; images and biography, in English; his portrait by Giuseppe Franchi, 1617, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan; his portrait, attributed to Giuseppe Franchi, 1617, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan; the pope approving the rule of the Dominican Order, fresco, church of S. Maria Novella, Florence; his engraving, Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna; and three engravings, Bildarchiv der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek.

(1) According to modern historiography (Carocci-Marco Vendittelli, "Onorio III." Enciclopedia dei papi, II, 350-351; Lefevre, "Un papa Savelli (Onorio III) che non fu Savelli?", Strenna dei Romanisti, LII, (1991) 283-290; Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, p.111-113; Montecchi Palazzi, "Cencius camerarius et la formation du Liber censuum de 1192, p. 71, note 84; Tillmann, "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo, 391-393) he was not a member of the Savelli family; the attribution to that family started in the second half of the 16th century by historians Onofrio Panvino, O.E.S.A., and Alfonso Ceccarelli; until then, none of the sources mention any relationship between Cardinal Cencio and the Savelli family; in 1553-1555, Panvinio received from Cardinal Giacomo Savelli the assignment of writing a history of the family; the historian then tried to give a solid erudite foundation to the tendency, episodically emerged in previous compilations, of attributing the famous Roman descendence not only to Honorius III, but also to the fourth of such name (1285-1287) (the Commentarii of Pope Pius II attributed Honorius III to the Savelli family, confusing him with the homonymous successor); to such aim, the Panvinio published some authentic documents, but interspersing expressions and references that tried to relate Honorius III to the family of Cardinal Giacomo.
(2) According to Onofrio Panvinio, Onvphrii Panvinii Romani Pontifices et Cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum Papam IIII. per quingentos posteriores a Christi natali annos creati. [Et De Episcopatibvs, titvlis, et diaconiis Cardinalivm, liber.]. Venetiis : Apud Michaelem Tramezinum, 1577, p. 133, he joined the Canons Regular Lateranense; none of the other sources consulted mention it.
(3) This work, in addition to the tax and interest register, arranged according to church provinces, registered diocese, and exempted cloister, it described privileges, contracts etc. The work is the most important source for the history of papal income and possessions in the Middle Age. With its assistance, the financial independence of the papal administration was greatly improved.
(4) This is according to Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, p. 112; Tillmann, "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardenalizio nel XII secolo", p. 391, says that he was created cardinal in December 1192.
(5) During the trip to Constantinople, the emperor was captured and died a prisoner of Albanese despot Todoro Angelo.

Note. Werner Maleczek in Pietro Capuano : patrizio amalfitano, cardinale, legato alla quarta crociata, teologo (+ 1214) (Ed. riv. ed aggiornata dall'autore. Amalfi : Centro di cultura e storia amalfitana, 1997), p. 53, indicates that this was the only creation of cardinals celebrated by Pope Celestine III.

©1998-2008 Salvador Miranda.