TABERA ARAOZ, C.M.F., Arturo (1903-1975)

Birth. October 29, 1903, Barco de Ávila, diocese of Ávila, Spain .

Education. Joined the Congregation of Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, May 1915, Don Benito, Badajoz; professed, August 15, 1920. Claretian Seminary, Jerez de los Caballeros; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome (doctorate in canon law).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 22, 1928, Jerez de los Caballeros. Further studies, 1929-1930. Successively, 1930-1946, faculty member of Theological School of Zafra, Badajoz; director of journal Ilustración del Clero, Madrid; staff member of journal Commemoratium pro religiosis, Rome; secretary of prefecture of studies of his congregotion; founder of journal Vida religiosa, Rome; vice-postulator of cause of beatification of Cardinal Marcelo Spínola Maestre, archbishop of Seville; secretary of general prefecture of studies of his congregation.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Lirbe and appointed apostolic administrator of Barbastro, Spain, February 16, 1946. Consecrated, May 5, 1946, church of San Francisco el Grande, Madrid, by Leopoldo Eijo y Garay, bishop of Madrid, patriarch of the West Indies, assisted by Enrique Delgado y Gómez, bishop of Almería, and by Santos Moro Briz, bishop of Ávila. Transferred to diocese of Barbastro, February 2, 1950. Transferred to diocese of Albacete, May 13, 1950. Attended II Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Promoted to metropolitan see of Pamplona, July 23, 1968.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the title of S. Pietro in Montorio, April 30, 1969. Prefect of S.C. for Divine Worship, February 20, 1971. Attended II Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-November 6, 1971. Papal legate to 8th centennial celebration of Saint Dominic's birth, Bologna, Italy, October 25, 1971. Resigned pastoral government of archdiocese, December 4, 1971. Special papal envoy to 8th National Eucharistic Congress, Valencia, Spain, May 22, 1972. Prefect of S.C. for Religious, September 8, 1973. Attended III Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27-October 26, 1974.

Death. June 13, 1975, clinica Pio XII, Rome. Buried, basilica of Sacred Heart of Mary, Piazza Euclide, Rome.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 107.

TACCI, Giovanni (1863-1928)

Birth. November 12, 1863, Mogliano, archdiocese of Fermo, Italy. Son of Professor Luigi Tacci and Maria Monti Guarnieri. Received the sacrament of confirmation, December 22, 1871. His last name is also listed as Tacci Porcelli.

Education. Seminary of Tolentino, Tolentino; Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (doctorates in theology and canon law); Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome, 1885.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 19, 1886, Fermo. Pastoral work in Fermo and Rome, 1886-1895. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Abbreviatore di parco maggiore. Dean of the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles. Member of the Commission of Pontifical Schools. Ecclesiasticus of several monasteries.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Città della Pieve, March 18, 1895. Consecrated, May 5, 1895, cathedral of Fermo, by Cardinal Amilcare Malagola, archbishop of Fermo, assisted by Luigi Bonetti, bishop of Montalto, and by Roberto Papiri, bishop of Macerata e Tolentino. Apostolic delegate in Constantinople, for Eastern-rite Catholics, and patriarch vicar for Latin-rite Catholics, December 19, 1904. Promoted to the titular archbishop of Nicea, retaining the administration of the diocese of Città della Pieve ad beneplacitum of His Holiness and the Apostolic See, March 10, 1905 (1). Nuncio in Belgium, December 31, 1907. Internuncio in Holland, March 18, 1911. Prefect of the Pontifical Domus, December 8, 1916. Prefect of the Sacred Apostolic Palace, October 30, 1918.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 13, 1921; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, June 16, 1921. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Secretary of the S.C. for the Oriental Church, August 8, 1922 to January 1927. Papal legate to the bicentennial celebration of the coronation of Our Lady of Mercy, Macerata, Italy, September 4, 1921; to the celebration in honor of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine Postel, Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, Coutances, France, July 22, 1925.

Death. June 30, 1928, Rome. Buried in the sepulchre of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 19, 24 and 270; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, p. 207.

Link. His episcopal lineage, in English.

(1) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 270; the same source, VIII, 207, indicates that he was promoted on December 17, 1904.

TAGUCHI, Paul Yashigoro (1902-1978)

Birth. July 20, 1902, Shittsu, archdiocese of Nagasaki, Japan.

Education. Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 22, 1928, Rome. Further studies, 1928-1931. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Tokyo and faculty member of its seminary, 1931-1936. Secretary to the apostolic delegate in Japan, 1936-1940. Apostolic administrator of diocese of the Osaka, November 30, 1940.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Osaka, November 25, 1941. Consecrated, December 14, 1941, cathedral of Tokyo, by Paolo Marella, titular archbishop of Doclea, apostolic delegate in Japan, assisted by Peter Tatsuo Doi, archbishop of Tokyo, and by John Peter Francis Ross, titular bishop of Tabala, apostolic vicar of Hiroshima. Apostolic administrator of the prefecture apostolic of Shikoku, 1941-1962. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Promoted to archbishop of Osaka when that see was elevated to the metropolitan rank, July 24, 1969. Attended the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. President of the Episcopal Conference of Japan, 1970-1978. Attended the First Asian Episcopal Conference, Manila, Philippines, 1971. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria in Via, March 5, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974.

Death. February 23, 1978, Osaka. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Osaka.

TAOFINU'U, S.M., Pio (1923-2006)

Birth. December 8 (1), 1923, Falealupo, apostolic vicariate of Archipelago of Navigators (2), Samoan Archipelago. Of indigenous parents. Son of Solomon Taofinu'u and Josefina Mau. He was the first Polynesian bishop and cardinal.

Education. Seminary of Apia, Apia; Seminary of Lano, Island of Wallis. Joined the Society of Mary, 1960; Marist Scholasticate, Greenmeadows, New Zealand; Marist Novitiate, New York.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 8, 1954, Apia, by John Baptist Dieter, S.M., titular bishop of Ierafi and vicar apostolic of Navigators' Archipelago. Pastoral work in the apostolic vicariate of Archipelago of Navigators, later Islands of Samoa and Tokelau, 1954-1964. Vicar general of the apostolic vicariate of the Islands of Samoa and Tokelau, 1964-1966; vicar general of the diocese of Apia, 1966-1967; vicar capitular, 1967-1968.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Apia, January 11, 1968. Consecrated, May 29, 1968, Apia, by George Hamilton Pearce, S.M., archbishop of Suva, assisted by John Hubert Macey Rodgers, S. M., bishop of Tonga, and by Brian Patrick Ashby, bisho of Christchurch.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of S. Onofrio, March 5, 1973. See changed name to Apia or Samoa and Tokelau, August 10, 1974; and to Samoa and Tokelau, December 3, 1975. Participated in the conclave of August 25-26, 1978. Participated in the conclave of October 14-18, 1978. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Samoa-Apia and Tokelau, when the see was elevated to that rank, and named apostolic administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of Samoa-Pago Pago and ecclesiastical superior of the mission sui iuris of Funafutina, Tuvalu, September 10, 1982. Resigned the post of superior, September 1985. Special papal envoy to the celebrations in honor of St. Peter Claver, patron saint of Oceania, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the evangelization in Wallis and Futuna archipelago, Wallis, Polynesia, June 12-18, 1988. The see was renamed Samoa-Apia, June 26, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Oceania, Vatican City, November 22 to December 12, 1998; president delegate. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, November 16, 2002. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, December 8, 2003. He was largely responsible for the inculturation of the celebration of the mass incorporating traditions such as the presentation of sua, the ifoga and presentation of ulas during eucharist celebrations. He was also very effective in talking to young men and women about taking up religious vocations.

Death. January 19, 2006, Apia. He had had heart trouble and a long history of diabetes and had been ill for several years. The cardinal's death was announced during a session of Parliament in Samoa, while in neighboring American Samoa a moment of silence was observed in the Senate of the U.S. territory. American Samoa Governor Togiola Tulafono said he was deeply saddened by the death. The funeral took place on January 28, 2006, in Apia; it was attended by local and regional representatives, including the president of the Pacific Bishops Conference of Churches, Bishop Anthony Apuron of Guam; Bishop John Quinn Weitzel, from the neighboring archdiocese of Pago Pago, led his people from American Samoa at the funeral service. He was buried at a side-wing in the metropolitan cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, in Mulivai village, Apia, making him the first Samoan Catholic leader to be buried there.

Bibliography. Code, Bernard. American Bishops 1964-1970. St. Louis : Wexford Press, 1970, p. 20.

(1) From 1969 until 1998, Annuario Pontificio (Vatican City : Libreria Editrice Vaticana), listed his date of birth as December 9, 1923.
(2) The apostolic vicariate of Arcipelago dei Navigatori, established on August 20, 1850, became the apostolic vicariate of the Islands of Samoa and Tokelau on January 4, 1957; the name was changed to Apia on June 21, 1966 when it became a diocese.

TAPPOUNI, Ignace-Gabriel I (1879-1968)

Birth. November 3, 1879, Mossul, Ottoman Empira (now Iraq). His baptismal name was Léon-Gabriel.

Education. Syro-Chaldean Dominican Seminary, Mossul (1892).

Priesthood. Ordained, November 3 (or 9), 1902, Mossul. Took the name Dominique. Faculty member of the Syro-Chaldean Dominican Seminary, 1902-1908. Secretary of the apostolic delegation in Mesopotamia, 1908-1912.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Danaba and appointed patriarchal vicar in Mardin, September 14, 1912. Consecrated, January 19, 1913, Beirut, Lebanon, by Ignace-Denis Rahmani, Syrian patriarch of Antioch. Took the name Théophile-Gabriel. Transferred to the titular see of Batne, January 19, 1913. Vicar in Aleppo, Syria, 1919. Promoted to the see of Aleppo of the Syrians, February 24, 1921. Apostolic administrator of the Syrian patriarchate of Antioch, May 1929. Elected patriarch of Antioch by the Syrian synod, June 24, 1929; received papal confirmation, July 15, 1929; took the name Ignace-Gabriel.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 16, 1935; received the red hat and the title of SS. XII Apostoli, December 19, 1935. Participated in the conclaves of 1939 and 1958. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965; member of its board of presidency, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Cardinal patriarch, without Roman title, February 11, 1965. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967.

Death. January 29, 1968, Beirut. Buried, Syrian patriarchal cathedral, Beirut.

TARDINI, Domenico (1888-1961)

Birth. February 29, 1888, Rome, Italy.

Education. Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1912, Rome. Faculty member of the Pontifical Roman Seminary, 1912-1929; of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," 1912-1921. Staff member of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, section of the Secretariat of State, 1921-1929. Ecclesiastical assistant of the Italian Catholic Youth Organization, 1923-1935. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, March 15, 1922. Undersecretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, June 8, 1929. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, August 21, 1929. Substitute of the Secretariat of State and secretary of ciphering, December 19, 1935. Secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, December 16, 1937. Apostolic protonotary, July 2, 1937. Pro-Secretary of State for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, November 29, 1952 until October 9, 1958. Declined the cardinalitial dignity, consistory of January 12, 1953. Regent of the Secretariat of State, October 9, 1958. Secretary of State, November 17, 1958 until his death; also, archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, prefect of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and of the S.C. of the Fabric of Saint Peter's basilica.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Laodiciea di Siria, December 14, 1958.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1958; received the red hat and the title of S. Apollinare, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, December 18, 1958. Consecrated, December 27, 1958, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Girolamo Bartolomeo Bortignon, O.F.M.Cap., bishop of Padua, and by Gioacchino Muccin, bishop of Feltre e Belluno. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Carlo Grano, titular archbishop of Tessalonica, nuncio in Italy; Angelo Dell'Acqua, titular archbishop of Chalcedonia and substitute of the Secretariat of State; Albino Luciani, bishop of Vittorio Veneto, future Pope John Paul I; Giuseppe Ferretto, titular archbishop of Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals; and Mario Casariego y Acevedo, C.R.S., titular bishop of Pudenziana, auxiliary of Guatemala.

Death. July 30, 1961, Rome. Buried, church of the Carmelite monastery, Vetralla, Viterbo.

Bibliography. Nicolini, Giulio. Il cardinale Domenico Tardini. Padova: EMP, 1980.

TAURAN, Jean-Louis (1943-

Birth. April 3, 1943, Bordeaux, France. He received sacrament of confirmation on June 5, 1955, from Paul-Marie-André Richaud, archbishop of Bordeaux, future cardinal.

Education. Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (licentiates in philosophy and theology; and doctorate in canon law, 1973); Catholic Institute, Toulouse; Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome. Besides his native French, he speaks Spanish, English and Italian.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 20, 1969, Bordeaux, by Marius Maziers, archbishop of Bordeaux. Parish pastor in the archdiocese of Bourdeaux. Entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1975. Secretary in the nunciature in the Dominican Republic, 1975-1978. Secretary in the nunciature in Lebanon, 1979-1983. Staff member in the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church from July 1983. Participated in special missions in Haiti, 1984; Beirut and Damascus, 1986. Member of the Holy See delegation to the meetings of the Conference on European Security and Cooperation; Conference on Disarmament, Stockholm, Sweden; Cultural Forum, Budapest, Hungary, and its successive meetings in Vienna.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Telepte and appointed secretary of the Secretariat of State for the Relations with the States, December 1, 1990. Consecrated, January 6, 1991, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Justin Francis Rigali, titular archbishop of Bolsena, secretary of the Congregation for Bishops. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Vinko Puljić, Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, of the Fathers of Schönstatt, and Julián Herranz Casado, Opus Dei.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine, October 21, 2003. Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church, November 24, 2003. Took part, as representative of the pope, in the inauguration of the new Holocaust History Museum at Yad Vashem Mausoleum, Jerusalem, on March 15, 2005. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Special papal envoy to the central celebrations of the Extraordinary Jubilee Year of the diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay, France, that took place on May 29, 2005 in the cathedral basilica of Notre Dame du Puy. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005; by papal appointment. Named president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialog on June 25, 2007; assumed the post on September 1, 2007.

Bibliography. Jore, Alexander. Épiscopologe Français de 1592 à 1973. Mis à jour et continué jusqu'en 2004. Complément de l'article "France" du Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques t. XVIII, colonnes 161 à 532. Pro-Manuscripto, 25 - III- 2004, no. 3319.

TECCHI, Scipione (1854-1915)

Birth. June 27 (1), 1854, Rome, Italy.

Education. Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (doctorates in theology and canon law).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1876, Rome. Pastoral work in diocese of Rome, 1877-1908. Substitute of the secretary of the Commision pro eligendis episcopis. Scriptor of the Apostolic penitentiary. Pro-synodal examiner of the dicoese of Porto e Santa Rufina. Chargé of ecclesiastical power of the church of S. Maria della Pace, Rome, January 6, 1880. Privy chamberlain supernumerary December 22, 1893. Dean of the beneficiaries of the basilica of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, Rome. Coadjutor, with future succession, of the substitute of the Uditore Santissimo and of the consistory. Secretary of the Uditore Santissimo. Beneficiary coadjutor of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1899. Canon coadjutor of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, March 9, 1900. Domestic prelate, May 6, 1901. Protonotary apostolic ad instar participantium, September 27, 1901. Canon of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, August 27, 1903. Abbreviatore di parco maggiore supernumerario, November 13, 1904. Counselor of the S.C. of Rites, September 12, 1906. Assessor of the S.C. Consistorial and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals, October 24, 1908.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 25, 1914; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria in Domnica, May 28, 1914. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Pro-prefect of the S.C. of Rites, November 8, 1914.

Death. January 22 (2), 1915, Rome. Buried, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1922, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1921, p. 63; Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 684; Pieta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 13 and 26.

(1) This is according to "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1922, p. 63; Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 684, indicates that he was born on June 26, 1854.
(2) This is according to Pieta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 13; Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1922, p. 63, says that he died on February 7, 1915.

TEDESCHINI, Federico (1873-1959)

Birth. October 12, 1873, Antrodoco, diocese of Rieti, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Rieti, Rieti; Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1896, Rieti. Faculty member of the Seminary of Rieti and canon theologian of the cathedral chapter, 1896-1901. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, November 6, 1903. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, March 18, 1908. Chancellor of the Secretariat of Briefs, October 20, 1908. Substitute of the Secretariat of State and secretary of ciphering, September 24, 1914. Nuncio in Spain, March 31, 1921.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Lepanto, April 30, 1921. Consecrated, May 5, 1921, Sistine chapel, at the Vatican, by Pope Benedict XV, assisted by Giovanni Battista Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano, titular archbishop of Tebe, privy almoner of His Holiness, and by Agostino Zampini, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfireone, sacristan of His Holiness.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest and reserved in pectore in the consistory of March 13, 1933; published in the consistory of December 16, 1935; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Vittoria, June 18, 1936. Papal datary, February 25, 1938 until his death. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 14, 1939. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, April 28, 1951. Papal legate to the celebrations in honor of Our Lady, Fátima, Portugal, September 24, 1951; to the 35th International Eucharistic Congress, Barcelona, Spain, May 10, 1952; to the National Eucharistic-Marian Congress, Lima, Perú, November 8, 1954. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII.

Death. November 2, 1959, Rome. Buried in the grotto of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.

Link. Biography, in Italian.

TERRAZAS SANDOVAL, C.SS.R., Julio (1936-

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Battista de' Rossi, February 21, 2001. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the X National Eucharistic Congress of Argentina that took place in Corrientes, September 2 to 5, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.

TESTA, Gustavo (1886-1969)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 14, 1959; received the red hat and the title of S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni, December 17, 1959. Papal legate to the 37th International Eucharistic Congress, Münich, Germany, June 27, 1960. Pro-president of the Cardinalitial Commission for the Special Administration of Holy See, October 4, 1961. Secretary of the S.C. of the Oriental Church, August 2, 1962; title changed to prefect of the S.C. for Oriental Churches, August 15, 1967. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Resigned prefecture, January 13, 1968. Resigned pro-presidency, May 7, 1968.

Death. February 28, 1969, Rome. Buried, Bergamo.

TETTAMANZI, Dionigi (1934-

Birth. March 14, 1934, Renate, archdiocese of Milan, Italy. Son of Egidio Tettamanzi and Giuditta Ciceri.

Education. Minor Seminary of Seveso, Milan; Seminary of Venegono Inferiore, (licentiateship in theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 28, 1957, Milan, by Giovanni Battista Montini, archbishop of Milan. Further studies in Rome, 1957-1960. Successively, in Milan: pastoral work; faculty member, Minor Seminary of Masnago and of Seveso San Pietro, 1960-1966. Faculty member, Seminary of Venegono, 1966-1986; faculty member, Lombard Pastoral Institute; member, Scientific Committee of International Center of Studies on the Family; judge of the Regional Ecclesiastical Tribunal of Lombardy; ecclesiastical assistant of the Catholic Physicians Association; ecclesiastical consultant of the National Federation of Catholic Family Counselors; chaplain in Turate for more than 15 years. Attended the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; expert. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; assistant to the special secretary. Rector of the Pontifical Lombardian Seminary, September 11,1987 until 1989. President of the Administrative Council of the Catholic newspaper Avvenire, April 28, 1989.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Ancona-Osimo, July 1, 1989. Consecrated, September 23, 1989, Milan, by Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini, archbishop of Milan, assisted by Carlo Maccari, archbishop of Ancona-Osimo, and by Bernardo Citterio, titular bishop of Floriana, auxiliary of Milan. Secretary general of the Italian Episcopal Conference, ad quinquenium, March 14, 1991. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, April 6, 1991. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Genoa, April 20, 1995. Vice-president of the Italian Episcopal Conference, May 25, 1995.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo, February 21, 1998. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; president of the commission for the message. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, March 6, 2000. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Milan, July 11, 2002. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.

Link. His picture and biography , in Italian.

THIANDOUM, Hyacinthe (1921-2004)

Birth. February 2, 1921, Poponguine, archdiocese of Dakar, Sénégal. Son of François Ndiémé, who was a catechist and a fisherman who cultivated the millet and groundnut during the winter, and Anna Ndiémé Sène. He was named in memory of Hyacinthe Gallabert, bishop of Sénégambie well before independence. He spent his early life in a milieu in which the Muslims were the majority; one of his brothers is a Muslim and some of his nephews are imams.

Education. Regional Seminary of Dakar, Dakar; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (licentiate in philosophy and sociology).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 18, 1949, Dakar, by Marcel François Lefèbvre, C.S.Sp., archbishop of Dakar . Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Dakar, 1949-1951. Further studies, Rome, 1951-1953. In the archdiocese of Dakar, responsible for the Catholic Action; pastoral work, 1953-1960; pastor of the cathedral; and vicar general, 1960-1962.

Episcopate. Elected metropolitan archbishop of Dakar, February 24, 1962. Consecrated, May 20, 1962, Dakar, by Jean-Marie Maury, titular archbishop of Laodicea di Frigia, internuncio in Sénégal and apostolic delegate in Western French Africa, assisted by Bernardin Gantin, archbishop of Cotonou, and by Prosper Dodds, bishop of Ziguinchor. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 29, 1969; II Ordinary Assembly the of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. President of the Episcopal Conference of Sénégal-Mauritania until 1987. Vice-president of the Episcopal Pan-African Symposium.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 24, 1976; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria del Popolo, May 24, 1976. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977; president-delegate; member of the general secretariat, 1977 to 1980. Participated in the conclave of August 25-26, 1978. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the II General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; its relator general; member of the general secretariat, 1987 to 1990; the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Africa, April 10 to May 8, 1994; its relator; member of the Council of the General Secretariat of the Special Assembly for Africa. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, June 2, 2000. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, February 2, 2001. His moral authority went beyond the Christian community; he had excellent relations with the Muslim community and especially with the marabout Thierno Saïdou Nourou Tall, whom he called mon père (my father). He was the first cardinal from Sénégal.

Death. May 18, 2004, at 6 p.m., at the geriatric hospital "Saint Thomas de Villeneuve" in Aix-en-Provence, France. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Dakar on May 27, 2004.

TIEN KEN-SIN, S.V.D., Thomas (1890-1967)

Birth. October 24, 1890, Chantsui, apostolic vicariate of Yangku, China. Son of Kilian Tien Ken-sin and Maria Yang. Baptized in 1901. His last name is also listed as Tien ken-Sin Tung-Lai.

Education. Seminary of Yenchowfu, Yenchowfu.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 9, 1918, Yenchowfu, by Augustine Hemminghaus, S.V.D, titular bishop of Ipepa, vicar apostolic of Yenchowfu. Joined the Society of Divine Word, March 8, 1929, Steye, Holland; first vows, February 2, 1931; final vows, March 7, 1935. Pastoral work in the Mission of Yangku, 1918-1939. Prefect apostolic of Yangku, February 2, 1934.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Ruspe and appointed apostolic vicar of Yangku, July 11, 1939. Consecrated, October 29, 1939, Rome, by Pope Pius XII, assisted by Celso Constantini, titular archbishop of Teodosiopoli di Arcadia, secretary of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith, and by Heinrich Steicher, M.Afr., titular archbishop of Brisi. Apostolic vicar of Tsin-tao, November 10, 1942.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Via, February 22, 1946. Promoted to metropolitan see of Peiping, April 11, 1946. Expelled from China by the Communist regime, 1951. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Apostolic administrator of Taipeh, Formosa, December 16, 1959 until 1966. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. He was the first Chinese cardinal.

Death. July 24, 1967, Taipeh. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Taipeh.

Bibliography. Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, p. 447.

TISSERANT, Eugène (1884-1972)

Birth. March 24, 1884, Nancy, France. Son of Hippolyte Tisserant and Ocatvée Connard. His baptismal name was Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent.

Education. Gymnasium-Lyceum Saint-Léopold-Saint Sigisbert, Nancy, for eight years (humanistic and scientific studies); Major Seminary of Nancy, Nancy, 1900-1904 (theology, Sacred Scripture, Hebrew, Syriac, Old Testament, Oriental Patrology); Dominican "Scuola S. Stefano", Jerusalem, 1904-1905 (directed by Fr. Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, O.P.); returned to France in June 1905 for the military service; Catholic Institute, Paris (diploma in five languages: Hebrew, Syriac, Arambic, Ethiopian and Assyrian); Pontifical Biblical Institute, Jerusalem. Fr. Fulcran Grégoire Vigouroux, manifested his wish of having Eugène in Rome, where the basis of the future "Istituto Biblico" were being prepared, and invited him, in the name of Pope Pius X, to accept a professorship of Assyrian language on March 19, 1907.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 4, 1907, Nancy, by Charles-François Turinaz, bishop of Nancy. Arrived in Rome on October 30, 1908. Faculty member of Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare" and curator at Vatican Library, 1908-1914. Officer in French Army during the First World War, 1914-1919. Assistant librarian in the Vatican Library, 1919-1930. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, May 12, 1921; reappointed, February 8, 1922. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, January 12, 1929. Pro-prefect of the Vatican Library, November 15, 1930. Protonotary apostolic, January 13, 1936.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 15, 1936; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia, June 18, 1936. Secretary of the S.C. for Oriental Church, June 19, 1936.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Iconio, June 25, 1937. Consecrated, July 25, 1937, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, secretary of State, assisted by Giuseppe Migone, titular archbishop of Nicomedia, privy almoner of His Holiness, and by Charles-Joseph-Eugène Ruch, bishop of Strasbourg. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated to title pro illa vice, December 13, 1937. President of the Biblical Commission, July 11, 1938. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Opted for the title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, December 11, 1939. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, February 18, 1946. Vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, February 21, 1948. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Nancy, June 6, 1949. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and, as such, suburbicarian bishop of the see of Ostia, proper of the dean, retaining the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, January 13, 1951. Prefect of the S.C. Ceremonial, March 10, 1951. Librarian and archivist of the Holy Roman Church, September 14, 1957. Papal legate to the International Mariological-Marian Congress, Lourdes, France, August 2, 1958. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Resigned the secretariat, November 11, 1959. Grand master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, August 19, 1960. Attended the II Vatican Council, 1962-1965; member of its board of presidency, 1962-1965. Elected member of the Académie Française, June 15, 1961; reception, June 23, 1962. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Cardinal bishop of the title (1) of the suburbicarian sees of Ostia and Porto e Santa Rufina, November 17, 1966. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Lost the right to participate in the conclave by being older than eighty years, January 1, 1971. Resigned as librarian and archivist and was named emeritus, March 27, 1971.

Death. February 21, 1972, Albano Laziale. Buried in the cathedral of Porto e Santa Rufina.

Bibliography. Bârlea, Octavian ; Tisserant, Eugène. L'activité du cardinal Eugène Tisserant dans les diocèses d'Ostie, de Porto et Santa Rufina. Louvain : Centre international de dialectologie générale, 1955. Cover title : "Extrait de Recueil cardinal Eugène Tisserant, t. II."; Biagio, Agostino di. "Card. Eugenio Tisserant." La Pontificia Università lateranense : profilo della sua storia, dei suoi maestri, e dei suoi discepoli. Roma : Libreria editrice della Pontificia Università lateranense, 1963, p. 142-144; Bibliographie de Son Éminence le Cardinal Eugène Tisserant, 1907-1964. Vaticano : Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1964. (Studi e testi (Biblioteca apostolica vaticana); 231). Note : Extrait de Mélanges Eugène Tisserant, vol. 1 (Studi e testi, 231); Cardinal Eugène Tisserant. 2 vols. Louvain : Centre International De Dialectologie Generale, n.d.; Le cardinal Eugène Tisserant : 1884-1972 : une grande figure de l'Eglise, une grande figure française : actes du colloque international, Toulouse, les 22 et : 23 novembre 2002. Toulouse : Groupe de recherche en histoire immédiate, 2003. (Sources et travaux d'histoire immédiate ; N 14. Organisé par l'Unité de recherche Histoire et théologie, Institut catholique et le Groupe de recherche en histoire immédiate ; Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 505-506; Lesourd, Paul ; Ramiz, Jean-Marie. Eugene Cardinal Tisserant.. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1964. (Men who make the Council. Critical Portraits, 5); Moubarac, Youakim. Anthologie de la littérature arabe selon une translittération nouvelle établié et présentée par son éminence le cardinal Eugène Tisserant. Paris : Gedalge, 1962; Pop, Sever, 1901-1961. ; Tisserant, Eugène. Cerémonie de la remise du Recueil Cardinal Eugène Tisserant, le lundi 28 novembre 1955. Louvain : Centre international de dialectologie générale, 1957. (Travaux / le Centre international de dialectologie générale, l'Université catholique de Louvain ; fasc. 3; Variation: Travaux (Centre international de dialectologie générale) ; fasc. 3); Tisserant, Eugène. The iron curtain pastoral of Eugene Cardinal Tisserant. Paterson, N.J. : St. Anthony's Guild, 1949; Tisserant, Eugène ; Pop, Sever. Recueil cardinal Eugène Tisserant : "Ab Oriente et Occidente." 2 vols. Louvain : Centre international de dialectologie générale, 1955.(Travaux publiés par le Centre international de dialectologie générale prhs l'Université catholique de Louvain, 1.-2. fasc.; Variation: Centre international de dialectologie générale.; Travaux, 1.-2. fasc.).

Link. His episcopal lineage, in English.

(1) The motu proprio Suburbicariis sedibus, issued by Pope John XXIII on April 11, 1962, established that the cardinal bishops would have no ordinary jurisdiction over their suburbicarian sees. These dioceses were to be ruled by bishops with complete and independent ordinary power; cardinal bishops would only retain the title of the see. The disposition applied only to the cardinal bishops appointed after its promulgation. The others, Cardinals Tisserant, Benedetto Aloisi Masella and Giuseppe Pizzardo, retained the denomination of bishops of their sees. On November 17, 1966, they were listed as bishops of the title of their suburbicarian sees in Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 1967.

TODEA, Alexandru (1912-2002)

Birth. June 5, 1912. Teleac, archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Julia, Romania. Of a peasant family. His parents were Gheorghe and Maria Todea. He was the thirteenth of sixteen children.

Education. Lyceum "Sfântul Vasile cel Mare", Blaj; Pontifical Urban Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide", Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 25, 1939. Further studies, 1939-1940, Rome. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Julia, 1940 until the Catholic Church of Byzantine-Romanian rite was suppressed in 1948. He was arrested several times between 1945-1948 and escaped.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Cesaropoli and appointed auxiliary of Făgăraş and Alba, July 4, 1950. Consecrated, November 19, 1950, secretly, not during a mass, sacristy of the cathedral of Sfântul Iosif, Bucarest, by Joseph Schubert, titular bishop of Ceramussa, apostolic administrator of Bucarest, with see in Blaj; without co-consecrators. On January 31st, 1951, he was captured by the political police of the Gheorghiu-Dej communist regime, Securitate. He was sentenced to hard labor for life, following a trial in 1952 when the prosecutor initially requested death penalty. In 1964, based on the amnesty given for political detainees, and after spending 14 years in the hardest communist prison, he was pardoned, released, and placed under house arrest. In 1986, the Greek-Catholic Episcopal Conference held a secret meeting and elected him as its head. The Greek-Catholic Church gained its freedom in 1989 and confirmed him in his post a year later. He had spent a total of 16 years in jail and 27 years under house arrest during the period of the communist regime. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Făgăraş and Alba Julia of the Romanians, March 14, 1990. President of the Episcopal Conference of Romania, March 16, 1990-1994. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; member of its general secretariat, 1990-1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 28, 1991; received the red biretta and the title of S. Atanasio a Via Tiburtina, June 28, 1991. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, June 5, 1992. Suffered a stroke that left him paralyzed and confined to a wheel chair, 1992. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, July 20, 1994. Honorary member of Academiei Române.

Death. May 22, 2002, Reghin. Buried in the crypt of the Most Holy Trinity metropolitan cathedral of Blaj (Fagaras si Alba Iulia).

Links. Photograph and biography, in Romanian; photograph and biographical information, in Romanian, no. 75; photographs and biography, in Italian.

TOMÁŠEK, František (1899-1992)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest and reserved in pectore, May 24, 1976; published, June 27, 1977; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Vitale, Gervasio e Protasio, June 27, 1977. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Prague, December 30, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, June 30, 1979. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, November 5 to 9, 1979, Vatican City. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, March 27, 1991.

Death. August 4, 1992, Prague. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Prague.

Bibliography. Drimal, Ludvik. Il cardinale Frantisek Tomásek: la ricostruzione della sua figura di catechista e di catecheta. Roma: s. n., 1997. (Università pontificia salesiana, Facoltà di teologia; Tesi di dottorato n. 391. - Estr. dalla tesi di dottorato).

Link. His bust and biographical data, in English; and list of the archbishops of Prague, in Czek.

TOMKO, Jozef (1924-

Birth. March 11, 1924, Udavské, diocese of Kosice, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia).

Education. Theological Faculty, Bratislava; Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in theology, canon law and social sciences).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 12, 1949, Rome, by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome. Pastoral work in the dioceses of Rome and Porto e Santa Rufina, 1950-1979. Vice-rector and rector, Pontifical Nepomucenus College and residence, Rome, 1950-1965. Faculty member, International University Pro Deo, Rome, 1955-1956. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, December 5, 1959; August 3, 1963. Entered the service of the Holy See, 1962 as adjunct, Book Censorship Section, S.C. for the Doctrine of the Faith; adjutant of study; capo ufficio of doctrinal section, 1966. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; special secretary. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, June 17, 1970. Faculty member, Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1970-1978. Undersecretary of the S.C. for Bishops, 1974. Co-founder of the religious journal of the Institute of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Rome.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Doclea and appointed secretary general of the World Synod of Bishops, July 12, 1979. Consecrated, September 15, 1979, Sistine Chapel, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagaste, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Andrew Gregory Grutka, bishop of Gary, United States. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; secretary general. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; secretary general. Pro-prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, April 24, 1985.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola, May 25, 1985. Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and grand chancellor of Pontifical Urbanian University, May 27, 1985 until April 9, 2001. Attended II Extraordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24-December 8, 1985. Special papal envoy to celebration honoring martyrs of Uganda, Kampala, June 3, 1986. Special papal envoy to III Latin American Missionary Congress, Bogotá, Colombia, July 5-8, 1987. Attended VII Ordinary Assembly of World synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1-30, 1987. Special papal envoy to centennial celebration of evangelization of Mali, Bamaco, November 15-20, 1988; to centennial of pilgrimage to National Marian Shrine of Notre-Dame de la Deliverance de Poponguine, Dakar, Sénégal, December 8, 1989. Attended VIII Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-October 28, 1990. Special papal envoy to IV Latin American Missionary Congress, Lima, Perú, February 3-8, 1991. Attended Special Assembly of World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28-December 14, 1991. Special papal envoy to centennial celebration of establishment of Catholic Church in Cameroun, December 1-8, 1991. Attended IV General Conference of Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12-28, 1992. Special papal envoy to celebration of 150th anniversary of evangelization of kingdom of Tonga, South Pacific, November 1992; to centennial celebration of evangelization of archdiocese of Accra, Ghana, August 22, 1993. Attended Special Assembly of World Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10-May 8, 1994. Special papal envoy to celebrations of 150th anniversary of evangelization, Fiji Islands, Polynesia, August 15, 1994. Attended IX Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2-29, 1994. Member of Presynodal Council for Special Synod of Asian Bishops, September 1995. Opted for order of priests and title of S. Sabina, January 29, 1996. Special papal envoy for closing ceremonies of First of Centennial of Evangelization of Namibia, Windhoek, December 8, 1996; to ceremonies for 150th anniversary of erection of diocese of Port-Louis, Mauritius, October 26, 1997. Attended Special Assembly for America of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16-December 12, 1997; Special Assembly for Asia of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 19-May 18, 1998; president delegate; member of post-synodal council, May 8, 1998. Attended Special Assembly for Oceania of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 22-December 12, 1998. Special papal envoy to VI Latin American Missionary Congress and I American Missionary Congress, Paraná, Argentina, September 28-October 3, 1999. Attended II Special Assembly for Europe of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1-23, 1999. Named president of the Pontifical Committee for the International Eucharistic Congresses, October 23, 2001. Special papal envoy to the solemn promulgation of the Acts of the First Plenary Council of the Church in Slovenia, Ljubljana, May 18, 2002. Special papal envoy to the ceremony of the translation of the relics of Blessed Bishop Teodor Romzha, Uzhorod, Ukraine, June 28, 2003. Presided the delegation of the Holy See to the Inter-religious Congress, Astana, Kazakhstan, September 23-24, 2003. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, March 11, 2004. Papal legate to the celebrations of the 48th International Eucharistic Congress that took place in Guadalajara, México, October 10 to 17, 2004. Reappointed as president of the Pontifical Committee for the International Eucharistic Congresses, April 21, 2005. Special papal envoy to the conclusive celebrations of the Slovakian National Eucharistic Congress that took place in Bratislava-Petržalka on September 18, 2005. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the First Universitarian International Eucharistic Congress that took place in Murcia, Spain, on November 9 to 13, 2005. Retired as president of the Pontifical Committee for the International Eucharistic Congresses on October 1, 2007. Will be papal legate to the celebrations of the 49th International Eucharistic Congress that will take place in Québec, Canada, from June 15 to 22, 2008.

Link. Photograph, arms and biography, in Slovakian.

TONINI, Ersilio (1914-

Birth. July 20, 1914, Centovera di San Giorgio Piacentino, diocese of Piacenza, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Piacenza, Piacenza; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (degrees in civil and canon law).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 18, 1937. Vice-rector of the Seminary of Piacenza, 1937-1939. Further studies, Rome, 1939-1943. From 1943 to 1969, in the diocese of Piacenza, pastoral work; ecclesiastical assistant of FUCI (Federation of Catholic Italian University Students); director of the weekly Il nuovo giornale; faculty member and rector of its seminary. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, November 6, 1959; May 11, 1963.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Macerata e Tolentino and appointed apostolic administrator sede vacante of Cingoli, Recanati and Treia, April 28, 1969. Consecrated, June 2, 1969, by Umberto Malchiodi, archbishop-bishop of Piacenza, assisted by Agostino Casaroli, titular archbishop of Cartago, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Carlo Colombo, titular bishop of Victoriana, auxiliary of Milan. Promoted to metropolitan see of Ravenna and also named bishop of Cervia, November 22, 1975. Both circumscriptions were united on September 20, 1986. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Apostolic administrator of Rimini, 1988-1989. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, October 27, 1990. Preached Vatican Lent spiritual exercises, February 1991 with the theme "La Chiesa della speranza per questo nostro tempo". Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of SS. Redentore a Via Melania, November 26, 1994. He was older than 80 years when created a cardinal and, therefore, never had the right to participate in the conclave.

Bibliography. Ersilio Tonini, arcivescovo emerito di Ravenna, cardinale: comunicare col cuore : ritratto, intervista, testimonianze. [A cura di] Giuseppe Zois. Clusone (BG): Ferrari, 1994; Severini, Paola. Ersilio Tonini : comunicatore di Dio. Cinisello Balsamo (Milano) : San Paolo, 1999.

TONTI, Giulio (1844-1918)

Birth. December 9, 1844, Rome, Italy. Received the sacrament of confirmation, August 17, 1856.

Education. Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (doctorates in philosophy, theology and utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1867, Rome. Professor of theology and vice-rector of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," 1868-1879. Attached to the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Auditor of the nunciature in France, 1879-1882; in Portugal, 1882-1892. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Samos, July 11, 1892. Consecrated, July 25, 1892, church of the Dame del Sacro Cuore a Villa Lante, Rome, by Cardinal Vincenzo Vannutelli, assisted by Michele dei Baroni Zezza Zaponetta, titular bishop of Calcedonia, auxiliary of Naples, and by Augusto Berlucca, titular bishop of Elenopoli. Named apostolic delegate in Santo Domingo, Haiti, and Venezuela, August 10, 1892. Apostolic administrator, ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis, of the archdiocese of Port-au-Prince and diocese of Les Gonaïves, Haiti, February 24 (1), 1893. Promoted to the titular see of Sardes, July 15, 1893. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Port-au-Prince, retaining the administration of the diocese of Les Gonaïves, ad nutum et beneplacitum Sanctæ Sedis, October 1 (2), 1894. Attended the First Plenary Council of Latin America, Rome, 1898. Transferred to the titular see of Ancira, August 23, 1902. Nuncio (3) in Brazil, August 27 (3), 1902. Nuncio in Portugal, October 4, 1906. Returned to Rome because of the Portuguese revolution, October 25, 1910.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 6, 1915; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, December 9, 1915. Prefect of the S.C. of Religious, February 13, 1917. Member of the Council for the Administration of the Wealth of the Apostolic See, May 21, 1917.

Death. December 11, 1918, Rome. Buried in the tomb of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica in Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1922, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1921, p. 66; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, pp. 79, 140, 216, 222 and 262; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 16 and 25; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 100, 467, 496 and 501.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 501; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 140, says that he was named on February 8, 1893.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 467; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 140, says that he was named on February 21, 1894.
(3) De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, pp. 222 and 262, indicates that he was internuncio in Brazil although on p. 79, he says that the internunciature was elevated to nunciature on February 14, 1901.
(4) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 100; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 79, says that he was named on July 21, 1902; the latter source, p. 140, says that he was named on June 21, 1902.

TOPPO, Telesphore Placidus (1939-

Birth. October 15, 1939, Chainpur, diocese of Gumla, India. He was the eighth of the ten children of Ambrose Toppo and Sofia Xalxo.

Education. St.Xavier's College, Ranchi (English honours, 1965); Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome (licentiate in theology); University of Ranchi, Ranci (master's in history). Besides his native tongue, Oraon, he knows he speaks: English, German, Hindi, Italian, Kurukh, Latin, Sadri, and Santhali.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 3, 1969, by Franciskus Von Streng, former bishop of Basel, Switzerland. Professor and assistant to the director of St. Joseph's High School, Torpa. Rector of the Minor Seminary of Ranchi from 1976. Founder of an apostolic school for the candidates to the priesthood from the Munda Tribe.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Dumka, June 8, 1978. Consecrated, October 7, 1978, Dudhani, by Pius Kerketta, S.J., archbishop of Ranchi, assisted by Leo Tigga, S.J., bishop of Raiganj, and by Joseph Robert Rodericks, S.J., bishop of Jamshedpur. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor of Ranchi, November 8, 1984. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Ranchi, August 7, 1985. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 29 to May 14, 1998. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; by papal appointment. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the title of Sacro Cuore di Gesù agonizzante a Vitinia, October 21, 2003. As an Oraon, of the Kurukh tribe, he is the first adivasi, or tribal cardinal of India. Elected president of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India (1), January 12, 2004; for a period of two years. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. President-delegate of the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 2005. Re-elected president of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India for another two-year term, February 13, 2006.

Link. Biographical data, in English.

(1) The bishops' conference is the organization that represents the three ritual traditions of the Catholic Church in India. It has 205 members of the Syro-Malabar, Syro-Malankaran and Latin rites.

TOSI, O.Ss.C.A., Eugenio (1864-1929)

Birth. May 6, 1864, Busto Arsizio, archdiocese of Milan, Italy .

Education. Seminary of Monza, Milan; Seminary of Milan, Milan.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 4, 1887, Milan. Vicar in Busto, Milan, 1887-1889. Joined the Oblates of Ss. Carlo e Ambrogio, Rho, October 24, 1889, Milan. Faculty member of the Missionary House of the Oblates, Rho, 1889-1909. Vicar general of Rimini, 1909-1911.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Squillace, April 5, 1911. Consecrated, May 16, 1911, Milan, by Cardinal Andrea Carlo Ferrari, archbishop of Milan. Transferred to the diocese of Andria, March 22, 1917. Apostolic administrator of Squillace, August 10, 1917 to February 1918. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Milan, March 7, 1922.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 11, 1922; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, December 14, 1922.

Death. January 7, 1929, Milan. Buried, in front of the altar of Virgo potens, metropolitan cathedral, Milan.

Bibliography. Cazzani, Eugenio. Vescovi e arcivescovi di Milano. Milan: Massimo, 1955.

TOUCHET, Stanislas-Arthur-Xavier (1842-1926)

Birth. November 13, 1842, Soliers, diocese of Bayeux, France.

Education. Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, Paris.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 13, 1872. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Besançon, 1872-1894.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Orléans, May 18, 1894. Consecrated, July 15, 1894, metropolitan cathedral of Besançon, by Flavian-Abel-Antoine Hugonin, bishop of Bayeux, assisted by Abel-Anastase Germain, bishop of Coutances, and by Charles Theuret, bishop of Monaco. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, June 19, 1922.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 11, 1922; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, December 14, 1922.

Death. September 23, 1926, Orléans. Buried in the cathedral of Orléans.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 505-506.

TRAGLIA, Luigi (1895-1977)

Birth. April 3, 1895, Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy.

Education. Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 10, 1917, Rome, by Cardinal Basilio Pompilj, vicar of Rome. Further studies, 1917-1919. Faculty member of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propogonda Fide," 1919-1936. Staff member of the S.C. of Seminaries and Universities and minutant in the S.C. for Propagation of Faith, 1927-1930. Assessor and subpromoter general of the faith in the S.C. for the Propagation of Faith, August 18, 1930. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, February 22, 1932. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, September 17, 1936.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina and appointed vice-gerent of Rome, December 21, 1936; occupied the post until March 28, 1960. Consecrated, January 6, 1937, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, vicar general of Rome, assisted by Angelo Calabretta, bishop of Noto, and by Domenico Spolverini, titular archbishop of Larissa di Tessalia. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, January 19, 1951. President of the Special Committee for the Marian Holy Year, October 7, 1953. President of the Commission for the First Roman Synod, 1959.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 28, 1960; received the red hat and the title of S. Andrea della Valle, March 31, 1960. Pro-vicar general of Rome and its district, March 28, 1960. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Vicar general of Rome and its district, March 30, 1965. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Resigned vicariate, January 9, 1968. Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, January 13, 1968; resigned the post on February 7, 1973; the office was abolished on February 27, 1973. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, assigned to the chancellorship, April 28, 1969. Attended the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. Cardinal bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Albano, March 15, 1972. Elected vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and confirmed by pope, March 24, 1972. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and bishop of the title of suburbicarian see of Ostia, retaining the title of the suburbicarian see of Albano, January 7, 1974. Papal legate to the opening of Holy Door at the basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura, December 24, 1974. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, April 3, 1975.

Death. November 22, 1977, Rome. Buried, temporarily, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome. His remains were transferred to the basilica of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, Rome, in August 1982.

TRINH-NHU-KHUÊ, Joseph-Marie (1898-1978)

Birth. December 11, 1898, Trang-Duê, apostolic vicariate of Hà Nôi, Viêt Nam.

Education. (No information found).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 1, 1933.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Sinao and appointed apostolic vicar of Hà Nôi, April 18, 1950. Consecrated, August 15, 1950, cathedral of Hà Nôi, by Thaddeus Le Huu Tu, O. Cist., titular bishop of Dafnusia, apostolic vicar of Phat Diem, assisted by Francisco Gómez de Santiago, titular bishop of Dausara, apostolic vicar of Haiphong, and by Pierre-Marie Pham-ngoc-Chi, titular bishop of Sozopoli di Ermimonto, apostolic vicar of Buichu. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Hanoi, November 24, 1960. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Reserved in pectore when the consistory was announced on April 28, 1976.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 24, 1976; received the red biretta and the title of S. Francesco di Paola ai Monti, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, May 24, 1976. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. He was the first Vietnamese cardinal.

Death. November 27, 1978, Hà Nôi. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Hà Nôi.

TRINH VAN-CAN, Joseph-Marie (1921-1990)

Birth. March 19, 1921, Trac But, apostolic vicariate of Viêt Nam.

Education. Seminary of Hà Nôi, Hà Nôi.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 8, 1949, Hanoi. Successively, 1949-1963, in the archdiocese of Hà Nôi, pastoral work; vicar foraneous; vicar delegate; official of the ecclesiastical tribunal.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Ela and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Hanoi, February 5, 1963. Consecrated, June 2, 1963, metropolitan cathedral of Hà Nôi, by Joseph-Marie Trin-nhu-Khuê, archbishop of Hà Nôi, assisted by Father J. Bich and Father Cung. Participated in the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Hà Nôi, November 27, 1978.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 30, 1979; recived the red biretta and the title of S. Maria in Via, June 30, 1979. Attended the the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; one of its three presidents delegate.

Death. May 18, 1990, Hà Nôi. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Hà Nôi.

TROCHTA, S.D.B., Stepán (1905-1974)

Birth. March 26, 1905, Francova Lhota, archdiocese of Olomouc, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (later Czechoslovakia; now Czech Republic).

Education. Seminary of Kromeriz, Olomouc. Joined the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco), 1923. Salesian Philosophical Institute, Turin, Italy; Salesian Athenaeum, Turin.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1932, Turin. Pastoral work in several Salesian houses in Czechoslovakia; founder of the Salesian Institute, Prague, and Ostrova, 1933-1939. Prisoner in the concentration camps of Terezín, Mathausen and Dachau during the Second World War.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Litomerice, September 27, 1947. Consecrated, November 16, 1947, Prague, by Xavier Ritter, titular archbishop of Aegina, nuncio in Czechoslovakia, assisted by Josef Beran, archbishop of Prague, and by Maurizio Picha, bishop of Hradec Králové. Impeded from exercising his pastoral ministry by the Communist regime, 1949-1968; resumed episcopal functions, September 1, 1968.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest and reserved in pectore in the consistory of April 28, 1969; published in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Bosco in via Tuscolana, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, April 12, 1973. Attended the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11-28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971.

Death. April 6, 1974, Litomerice. Buried, bishops' tomb, city cemetery.

Bibliography. Trochta, Stepán. Kardinál Trochta mucedník Terezín, Mauthausen, Dachau. 2. vyd. Nove Mesto: Signum unitatis ve Vrchovinach, 1992.

TUCCI, S.J., Roberto (1921-

Birth. April 19, 1921, Naples, Italy.

Education. Entered the Society of Jesus in Italy, October 1, 1936. Jesuit Novitiate, Vico Equense, Naples (classics); Jesuit houses of study in Gallarate (licentiate in philosophy) and Naples (doctorate in philosophy); University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium (licentiate in theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, August 24, 1950. Further studies, Rome. Faculty member, Theological Faculty "San Luigi", Naples; founder and director of journal Digest religioso, later titled Rassegna di Teologia. Named member of board of writers of the journal La Civiltà Cattolica, 1956; director, 1959. Member of the preparatory commission on lay apostolate of the II Vatican Council. Attended II Vatican Council, 1962-1965 as a expert. Conducted a daily press conference during the last three sessions of the Council for the journalists accredited at the Vatican Press Office. Member of Postconciliar commission for the Apostolate of the Laity until the institution of the Consilium de Laicis. Consultor of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, 1965-1989 and as such, member of the editorial committee of the pastoral instruction on social communications "Communio et progressio" in its final phase, 1970-1971. Participated in the XXI General Congregation of his order, 1965-1966. Awarded honorary degree in law by the University of Notre Dame in the occasion of the international congress on the II Vatican Council. Secretary General of the Italian province of the Society of Jesus, 1967-1969. Guest and relator of the IV Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Uppsala, Sweden, July 1968. Member for several year of the editorial board of the international theological journal Concilium. Awarded journalistic prize of the American Catholic Press Association for the 1968 article that contributed the most to the promotion of ecumenism, 1969. Attended I Extraordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11-28, 1969 and II Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-November 6, 1971, as member of the official Press Center. Vice-president of the Italian Catholic Press Union (UCSI), 1961-1982. Official counselor for ecumenism to the superior general of the Society of Jesus, Fr. Pedro Arrupe, 1970-1975. Joined Vatican Radio in 1973; director general until 1985. Consultor of the Secretariat for Christian Unity, 1973-1989. Participated in the XXII General Congregation of his order, 1974-1975 as an elected member. Guest at the V Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Nairobi, Kenya, November-December 1975. Awarded the "Legion d'Honor" by France, 1976. Member of the board of directors of Georgetown University, Washington, United States, 1977-1983. Participated in the XXXIII General Congregation of his order, 1983, in which was elected superior general Peter-Hans Kolvenbach. With the exception of the trips to France in 1980 and Austria in 1983, accompanied Pope John Paul II in all his international pilgrimages as organizer of the papal visits outside Italy. President of the Management Committee of Vatican Radio, January 1, 1986.

Episcopate. Requested to be dispensed from the requirement of episcopal ordination and the dispensation was granted by Pope John Paul II.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio, February 21, 2001. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, April 19, 2001.

TUMI, Christian Wiyghan (1930-

Birth. October 15, 1930, Kikaikelaki, diocese of Kumbo, Cameroun.

Education. Seminary of Kumbo, Kumbo; Seminary of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Seminary of Bodija, Bodija, Nigeria; Seminary of Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria; Theological Faculty, Lyon, France; Catholic University of Fribourg, Switzerland (doctorate in philosophy).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 17, 1966, Regina Pacis cathedral grounds, Small Soppo Buea, by Julius Joseph Willem Peeters, M.H.M., bishop of Buea. Pastoral work in the diocese of Kumbo, 1966-1967. Faculty member, Minor Seminary Bishop Rogan College, Soppo-Bouea, 1967-1969. Further studies in France and Switzerland. Pastoral work in the diocese of Kumbo; rector of the Major Regional Seminary of Bambui, archdiocese of Bamenda, 1973-1979; president of the presbyterial council; pastoral work in Bamenda, 1973-1979.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Yagoua, December 6, 1979. Consecrated, January 6, 1980, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Ferdinando Maggioni, titular bishop of Subaugusta, auxiliary of Milan. In the same ceremony was consecrated Carlo Maria Martini, S.J., archbishop of Milan, future cardinal. Promoted to coadjutor archbishop, with right of succession, of Garoua, November 19, 1982. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Garoua, March 17, 1984. President of the Episcopal Conference of Cameroun. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Apostolic visitor to the major seminaries in Malawi and Zambia.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 28, 1988; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno, June 28, 1988. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; one of its three president delegates; member of its general secretariat, 1990-1994. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Douala, August 31, 1991. Attended the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992; the Special Assembly for Africa of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; one of its three president delegates; member of the Council of the General Secretariat of the Special Assembly for Africa. Special papal envoy to the Ghana National Eucharistic Congress, Tamale, January 4-12, 1998. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. He is the first cardinal from Cameroun.

Bibliography. Lingo, Célestin. Christian Cardinal Wiyghan Tumi : premier Cardinal Camerounais. [s.l. : s.n]., 1995.

TURCOTTE, Jean-Claude (1936-

Birth. June 26, 1936, Montréal, Canada. One of the seven children of an employee of a small hardware shop.

Education. Initial studies in the parish of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul de Laval; Collège André-Grasset, 1947-1955 (classics); Major Seminary, Montréal, 1954-1959 (licentiate in theology, 1959); Catholic Faculty, Lille, France (diploma in social pastoral, 1965).

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Suas and appointed auxiliary of Montréal, April 14, 1982. Consecrated, June 29, 1982, metropolitan cathedral of Montréal, by Paul Grégoire, archbishop of Montréal, assisted by Andrea Maria Cimichella, titular bishop of Quiza, auxiliary of Montréal, and by Leonard James Crowley, titular bishop of Mons in Numida, auxiliary of Montréal. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Montréal, March 17, 1990. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora del SS. Sacramento e Santi Martiri Canadesi, November 26, 1994. Member of Council of Cardinals for Study of Organizational and Economic Problems of Holy See, November 6, 1995. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.

Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2202. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 846-847.

Links. Photgraph and biography, in French.

TURKSON, Peter Kodwo Appiah (1948-

Birth. October 11, 1948, Wassaw Nsuta, diocese of Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana.

Education. St. Teresa's Minor Seminary, Amisano; St. Peter's Regional Seminary, Pedu (philosophy); Seminary of St. Anthony-on-Hudson, Rensselaer, New York (bachelor in theology); Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome, 1976 to 1980 (licentiate in Sacred Scripture); 1987 to 1992 (doctorate in Sacred Scripture). Besides English and his native Fante, he also speaks French, Italian, German and Hebrew fluently, and has written knowledge of Latin and Greek.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 20, 1975, by John Kodwo Amissah, archbishop of Cape Coast. Professor in St. Teresa's Minor Seminary, 1975-1976. Further studies in Rome 1976-1980. Professor in St. Teresa's Minor Seminary again; professor of Sacred Scripture and vice-rector in St. Peter's Major Seminary, Pedu; pastoral work in a parish annexed to the seminary. Further studies in Rome, 1987-1992. Promoted to the episcopate while studying in Rome.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Cape Coast, October 6, 1992. Consecrated, March 27, 1993, cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales, Cape Coast, by Dominic Kodwo Andoh, archbishop of Accra, assisted by Peter Poreku Dery, archbishop of Tamale, and by Peter Kwasi Sarpong, bishop of Kumasi. Attended the Special Assembly for Africa of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Treasurer of the Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM). Chancellor of the Catholic University College of Ghana. Member of the University Council of the University of Ghana, Legon; the National Sustainable Development Council of the Ministry of Environment; the board of directors of the Central Regional Development Committee; and the board of trustees of the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem Educational Fund.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the title of S. Liborio, October 21, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. He is the first cardinal from Ghana.

TZADUA, Paulos (1921-2003)

Birth. August 25, 1921, Addifini, eparchy of Asmara of Ethiopians, Ethiopia.

Education. Seminary of Cheren, Asmara; Italian Lyceum "Ferdinando Martini", Asmara; Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (doctorate in law).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 12, 1944. Pastoral work in Asmara, 1944-1946; in the mission of Guarghe, south of Addis Abeba, 1946-1949. In Eritrea, faculty member, Minor Seminary, 1949-1953; further studies, Asmara, 1949-1953; in Milan, Italy, 1953-1958. Secretary to the bishop of Asmara and to the archbishop of Addis Abeba, 1960-1961. Secretary general of the Episcopal Conference of Ethiopia. In Addis Abeba, pastoral work with university students and service as archdiocesan curia official; faculty member, University of Addis Abeba, 1961-1973.

Episcopate.Elected titular bishop of Abila di Palestina and appointed auxiliary of Addis Abeba, March 1, 1973. Consecrated, May 20, 1973, by Asrate Mariam Yemmeru, archbishop of Addis Abeba, assisted by Frangois Abraha, bishop of Asmara, and by Sebhat-Leab Worku, S.D.B., bishop of Adigrat. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Ethiopia, 1974. Promoted to the metropolitan archeparchy of Addis Abeba, February 24, 1977. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; member of its general secretariat, 1980-1983. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly the of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the title of SS. Nome di Maria a Via Latina, May 25, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Member of the Commission of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, 1989. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; one of the three president delegates. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; member of its general secretariat, 1994-1998. Resigned the pastoral government of the metropolitan archeparchy, September 11, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, August 25, 2001. He was the first Ethiopian cardinal.

Death. December 11, 2003, in the morning, Rome. Buried, St. Peter and Paul Catholic Cemetery, Addis Abeba, on Sunday, December 21, 2003.

©1998-2008 Salvador Miranda.