Birth. March 2, 1876, Rome, Italy. Son of Filippo Pacelli and Virginia Graziosi. He was baptized by his uncle, Fr. Giuseppe Pacelli, on March 4, 1876, in the parish church of Ss. Celso e Giuliano, Rome; his baptismal name was Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni.
Education. Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome.
Priesthood. Ordained, April 2, 1899, Rome. Further studies, 1899-1901. Staff member of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, 1901-1911. Undersecretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, March 7, 1911; pro-secretary, June 20, 1912; secretary, February 1, 1914.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Sardes and appointed nuncio in Bavaria, April 20, 1917. Consecrated, May 13, 1917, Sistine Chapel, Rome, by Pope Benedict XV, assisted by Giovanni Battista Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano, titular archbishop of Tebe di Grecia, papal almoner, and by Agostino Zampini, O.S.A., titular bishop of Porfireone, sacristan of His Holiness. Nuncio in Germany, June 22, 1920.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, December 16, 1929; received red hat and title of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, December 19, 1929. Secretary of State, February 9, 1930 until February 10, 1939. Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 25, 1930. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Institute of Christian Archeology, March 10, 1932. Papal legate to the 32nd International Eucharistic Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 16, 1934. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, April 1, 1935. Papal legate to the jubilar celebration of the Redemption, Lourdes, France, April 12, 1935. Apostolic visitor to the twelve ecclesiastical provinces in the United States of America, October 1936. Papal legate for the blessing of St. Thérèse de Lisieux basilica, Lisieux, June 29, 1937. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, December 13, 1937 until his election to the papacy. Papal legate to the 34th International Eucharistic Congress, Budapest, Hungary, May 12, 1938. Participated in the conclave of 1939 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected, March 2, 1939. Took name Pius XII. Crowned, March 12, 1939, by Cardinal Camillo Caccia Dominioni, protodeacon of S. Maria in Domnica. He proclaimed the dogma of the Assumption in body and soul to heaven of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Created fifty six cardinals in two consistories.
Death. October 9, 1958, Castelgandolfo. Buried on October 13, 1958 in the grotto of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.
Beatification. The process of beatification was started by Pope Paul VI on November 18, 1965, during the last session of the Second Vatican Council together with the cause of Pope John XXIII.
Bibliography. Bargellini, Piero. Pius XII. The angelic shepherd. New York : Good Shepherd, 1950; Halecki, Oscar. Eugenio Pacelli : pope of peace. New York: Creative Age Press, Inc., 1951. Hatch, Alden and Seamus Walshe. Crown of glory : The life of Pope Pius XII. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1957; Marchione, Margherita. Crusade of charity : Pius XII and POWs (1939-1945). Mahwah, N.J. : Paulist Press, 2006; Marchione, Margherita. Pope Pius XII, architect for peace. Mahwah, N.J. : Paulist Press, 2000; Pfister, Pierre. Pius XII. The life and work of a great pope. New York : Studio, 1955; Smit, Jan Olav. Angelic Shepherd. The life of Pope Pius XII. Adapted into English by Reverend James H. Vanderveldt, O.F.M. New York : Dodd, Mead & Company, 1950; Tardini, Domenico Cardinal. Memories of Pius XII. Translated by Rosemary Goldie. Westminster : Newman, 1961; Traniello, Francesco. "Pio XII." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, III, 632-645.
Link. Portrait, arms and documents, in several languages; portrait, arms and biographical information, in English; his genealogy, A3; and his episcopal lineage, in English.
Birth. February 10, 1888, Campannori, archdiocese of Lucca, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Lucca, Lucca.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1913, Lucca. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Lucca and faculty member of its seminary, 1913-1915; 1918-1924. Military chaplain during the First World War, 1915-1918. Honorary chamberlain of His Holiness, October 8, 1924. Secretary of the nunciature in Yugoslavia, 1924-1928; auditor, 1928-1933. Auditor of the nunciature in Poland, 1935-1944. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, September 3, 1935. Counselor of the nunciature in France, 1944-1946. Appointed nuncio in Haiti and Santo Domingo, April 23, 1946.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Germia, April 28, 1946. Consecrated, June 11, 1946, Paris, by Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, titular archbishop of Mesembria, nuncio in France, assisted by Louis Le Hunsec, C.S.Sp., titular archbishop of Marcianopoli, and by Stanislas Courbe, titular bishop of Castoria, auxiliary of Paris. Nuncio in Uruguay, April 23, 1949. Nuncio in Switzerland, February 4, 1960. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, June 26, 1967; received red biretta and title of Ss. Angeli Custodi a Città Giardino, June 29, 1967.
Death. December 23, 1967, Rome. Buried in the tomb of his family in Campannori.
Links. Biography, in German; his chronography, in English.
Birth. February 11, 1921, Manimala, archdiocese of Changanacherry, India.
Education. St. Peter's Regional Seminary, Bangalore. Joined the Latin rite (from Syro-Malabar) and incardinated in diocese of Coimbatore.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1945. Pastoral work in the diocese of Coimbatore, 1946-1952; rector of the minor diocesan seminary; and successively, faculty member of St. Peter's Regional Seminary, Bangalore, 1952-1955.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Ootacamund, July 3, 1955. Consecrated, October 16, 1955, Ootacamund, by René Feuga, bishop of Mysore, assisted by Francis Xavier Muthappa, bishop of Coimbatore, and by Matthew Kavukatt, archbishop of Changanacherry of the Syro-Malabars. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Changanacherry of the Syro-Malabars, June 14, 1970, returning to his native Syro-Malabar rite. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Ernakulam of the Syro-Malabars, April 23, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Vice-president of the Episcopal Conference of India and of the Syro-Malabars. Apostolic visitor for the Syro-Malabars faithfuls residing in Kerala. President of the Syro-Malabar Episcopal Conference.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, June 28, 1988; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria "Regina Pacis" a Monte Verde, June 28, 1988. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Promoted to archbishop major of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars, December 16, 1992, when the see was elevated to that rank. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese major, November 11, 1996. Awarded the Padmashree in 1998.
Death. March 23, 2000, at the Yoga and Nature Cure Centre he had founded near Kochin. Buried in St Mary's Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam, Kerala.
Bibliography. Eranakulam atirupata caritravalokam : satabdi smaranika, 1896-1996 = Souvenir of the centenary of the Archdiocese of Ernakulam, and the sacerdotal golden jubilee of His Eminence Mar Antony Cardinal Padiyara. Ernakulam : Archdiocesan Curia, 1996. Abstract: History of Archdiocese of Ernakulam, educational institutes under it, Catholic churches, and convents of Kerala, India; published on the occasion of the centenary of Archdiocese and golden jubilee of Antony Padiyara.
PALAZZINI, Pietro (1912-2000)
Birth. May 19, 1912, Piobbico, diocese of Cagli, Italy. Son of Giovanni Palazzini and Luigia Conti.
Education. Pontifical Regional Seminary "Pio XI," Fano; Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome; Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 6, 1934, Rome. Further studies, 1934-1941. Vice-rector of the diocesan seminary of Cagli, 1941-1942; canon of the cathedral chapter, 1941-1942. Vice-rector of the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome, 1942-1945. Vice-rector and bursar of the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", 1945-1949. Faculty member of the Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, 1945-1950. Faculty member of the Pontifical Institute "Utriusque Iuris," Rome, 1950-1954. Undersecretary of the S.C. of Religious, December 22, 1956. Secretary of the S.C. of the Council, December 18, 1958.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarea di Cappodocia, August 28, 1962. Consecrated, September 21, 1962, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Francesco Carpino, titular archbishop of Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial, and by Pietro Parente, titular archbishop of Teolemaide di Tebaide, assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Cesare Zerba, Enrico Dante, and Paul-Pierre Philippe, O.P. Secretary of the Commission of Cardinals for the Pontifical Shrines of Pompei and Loreto, June 13, 1969.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Pier Damiani ai Monti di S. Paolo, March 5, 1973. Opted for the deaconry of S. Girolamo della Carità, December 12, 1974. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Prefect of the S.C. for the Causes of the Saints, June 27, 1980. Attended the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, February 2, 1983. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. In 1985, for his efforts to save Jews during the Holocaust, was recognized by Yad Vashem as "a righteous among the nations,'' with a medal; and a tree was planted in his name at Yad Vashem. The honor is bestowed on gentiles who risked their lives to save Jews during the war. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to -30, 1987. Resigned the prefecture, July 1, 1988. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, May 19, 1992.
Death. October 11, 2000, Rome. Buried, temporarily, Chapel of the Vatican Canons, Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome; his remains will be transferred to his titular church of San Girolamo della Carità at a later time.
PANAFIEU, Bernard (1931-
Birth. January 26, 1931, Châtellerault, diocese of Poitiers, France. Son of André Panafieu, director of a bank, and Madeleine Doussière. His baptismal name is Bernard-Louis-Auguste-Paul.
Education. Grand Seminary of Albi, Albi; Seminary of Issy-les-Moulineaux.
Priesthood. Ordained, April 22, 1956, for the archdiocese of Albi. Vicar of Saint-Sauveur-de-Mazamet and chaplain of the lyceum La Pérouse, Albi, 1962; chaplain of the university parish and responsible of the chaplaincy of public education; chaplain of students in Toulouse, 1967-1970; curé-doyen of Brassac, 1971-1974; secretary general of the presbyteral council of 1973-1974.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tibili and appointed auxiliary of Annecy, April 18, 1974. Consecrated, June 9, 1974, metropolitan cathedral of Saint-Cécile, Albi, by Claude Marie Josep Dupuy, archbishop of Albi, assisted by Jean Baptiste Étienne Sauvage, bishop of Annecy, and by Henri Clément Victor Donze, bishop of Tarbes et Lourdes. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Aix, November 30, 1978. Named coadjutor with right of succession of Marseille, August 24, 1994. Succeeded to the archbishopric of Marseille, see immediatamente soggeta to the Holy See, April 22, 1995. Metropolitan archbishop when Marseille was elevated to that rank, December 16, 2002.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the title of S. Gregorio Barbarigo alle Tre Fontane, October 21, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. His resignation to the pastoral government of the archdiocese was accepted on May 12, 2006, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law.
Bibliography. Jore, Alexander. Épiscopologe Français de 1592 à 1973. Mis à jour et continué jusqu'en 2004. Complément de l'article "France" du Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiastiques t. XVIII, colonnes 161 à 532. Pro-Manuscripto, 25 - III- 2004, no. 3210.
Link. Photograph and biographical data, in French.
Birth. January 18, 1841 (1), Ameseno, diocese of Ferentino. Brother of quasi Cardinal Agapito Panici.
Education. Obtained a doctorate in theology and in utroque iure, both canon and civil law (no further eductional information found).
Early life. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Protonotary apostolic de numero participantium. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, March 5, 1880. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, April 19, 1887. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, October 2, 1896. Canon of the patriarchal Lateran basilica.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Laodicea di Frigia. Consecrated, May 1, 1900, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Satolli, prefect of the S.C. of Studies, assisted by Edmund Stonor, titular archbishop of Trebisonda, and by Amilcare Tonietti, titular archbishop of Tiana, former bishop of Montalcino. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 22, 1902.
Cardinalate. According to Christoph Weber, Quellen und Studien zur Kurie und zur vatikanischen Politik unter Leo XIII; mit Berücksichtigung der Beziehungen des Hl. Stuhles zu den Dreibundmächten, Pope Pius X planned to create him cardinal but he died before the promotion took place (2).
Death. August 6, 1909, Rome. Buried (no information found).
Bibliography. "Archêques et évéques titulaires." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1907. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1907, p. 318; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, p. 332: Weber, Christoph. Quellen und Studien zur Kurie und zur vatikanischen Politik unter Leo XIII; mit Berücksichtigung der Beziehungen des Hl. Stuhles zu den Dreibundmächten. Tübingen, M. Niemeyer, 1973. (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Intituts in Rom, Bd.45), p. 244, note 206.
Links. Biographical chronology, in English; another biographical chronology, in English.
(1) Archêques et évéques titulaires." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1907, p. 318; and the biographical chronologies linked above; Riztler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 332, says that he was born on February 18, 1841.
(2) This is according to Weber, Quellen und Studien zur Kurie und zur vatikanischen Politik unter Leo XIII, p. 244, note 4, says that Msgr. Agapito was on the way to the cardinalate but that before naming him, Pope Leo XIII asked his brother Diomede to renounce the red hat; when Agapito died in 1902, before the pope could create him a cardinal, the pope told Diomede that he would ignore the document he had signed renouncing the cardinalate.
Birth. April 12, 1895, Tricase, diocese of Ugento, Italy. Of a family of farmers. Sixth of the eleven children of Carmine Panico and Marina Zocco. His baptismal name was Santo Giovanni.
Education. Received the elementary education in his native city; first three years of studies ginnasiali with a private tutor; Seminary of Ugento, Ugento; Collegio Leonino, Rome, 1910-1915; Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome, 1915-1919; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, 1919-1922 (doctorate in theology, 1919; doctorate in both canon and civil law, July 1922).
Priesthood. Ordained, March 14, 1919, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Basilio Pompilj, vicar of Rome. Further studies in Rome, 1919-1922. Pastoral ministry in Tricase, 1922-1923. Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, secretary of State, invited him to be attaché of the nunciature in Colombia, February 1923-1926. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, August 25, 1923. Auditor of the nunciature in Argentina, and accredited also in Paraguay and Uruguay, 1926-1931; in Czechoslovakia, 1931-1932; chargé d'affaires in Bavaria, 1932-1933; in Czechoslovakia, 1933-1935; observer of the Holy See in the plebiscite in Sarre, August 1934-January 1935; returned to Prague in 1935 and contributed to the foundation of the University of Bratislava. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, August 20, 1934. Decorated with the Legion d'honnore of France.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Giustiniana Prima and appointed apostolic delegate in Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, Polyneisa and Dutch Indies), with residence in Sydney, October 17, 1935. Consecrated, December 8, 1935, chapel of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Fumasoni Biondi, prefect of S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith, assisted by Bartolomeo Cattaneo, titular archbishop of Palmira, general treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber, and by Domenico Spolvorini, titular archbishop of Larissa di Tessalia, consultor of the S.C. Consistorial. Papal legate to the 4th Plenary Council of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, April 25, 1937. Papal legate to the Eucharistic Congress, Wellington, New Zealand, November 20, 1939. Visited Indonesia and presided over the Eucharistic Congress of Java. During the Second World War he realized an extraordinary charitable activity in favor of the Italian, German and Japanese war prisoners in Australia as well as the Australian and New Zealandese war prisoners in Italy; he established the "War Prisoners Bureau" in the apostolic delegation in Sydney. Nuncio in Perú, September 28, 1948. Apostolic delegate in Canada, November 14, 1953. Nuncio in Portugal, January 25, 1959.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, March 19, 1962; received red hat and title of S. Teresa al Corso d'Italia, May 24, 1962. Founded the Hospital Cardinale Giovanni Panico in Tricase.
Death. July 7, 1962, Tricase. The solemn funeral mass was celebrated by Gaetano Pollio, P.I.M.E., archbishop of Otranto, on July 11, 1962, in the mother church of Tricase; twelve archbishops and bishops were present. Buried in the tomb of his family in the small cemetery of Tricase; and later, transferred to the crypt of the church della Nativitá e della Beata Maria Vergine, Tricase.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1963, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1963, p. 88*; "Il Cardinale Giovanni Panico". L'Osservatore Romano [electronic resource]. Città del Vaticano : L'Osservatore Romano, CII, n. 65 (March 20-21, 1962), p. 5; Fracasso, Rodolfo; Ricchiuto, Gerardo. Il cardinale Panico e la sua terra. A cura di Donato Valli. Galatina (Lecce): Congedo, 1995; "I funerali di Cardinale Panico." L'Osservatore Romano [electronic resource]. Città del Vaticano : L'Osservatore Romano, CII, n. 157 (July 12, 1962), p. 2; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2002. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 262-263.
Links. Biographical entry, in German; chronogram, in English; photograph and biographical entry, in Italian, sixth on the page; and Piazza "Cardinale G. Panico".
PAPPALARDO, Salvatore (1918-2006)
Birth. September 23, 1918, Villafranca Sicula, diocese of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy.
Education. Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome (diplomacy; obtained the diploma); Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome (doctorates in theology; dissertation: La sentenza "de certitudine inhærentis gratiæ" in Ambrogio Catarino; and utroque iure, both canon and civil law; dissertation: La controversia per la giurisdizione ecclesiastica in Sicilia al tempo di Clemente XI).
Priesthood. Ordained, April 12, 1941, Rome, by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome; in the same ceremony was ordained Giovanni Canestri, future cardinal. Further studies, 1942-1947. Staff member of the Secretariat of State, section of Extraordinary Affairs, with the rank of counselor of nunciature, 1947-1965. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, June 21, 1951; reappointed, October 28, 1958. Pastoral work in the diocese of Rome, 1949-1965. Professor at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy; and professor of ecclesiastical diplomacy at the Pontifical Lateran University, 1959-1965. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 19, 1961.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Mileto and appointed pro-nuncio in Indonesia, December 7, 1965. Consecrated, January 16, 1966, chapel of the Major Roman Seminary, by Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, secretary of State, assisted by Guido Luigi Bentivoglio, S.O.C., archbishop of Catania, and by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Trinovo, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. President of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy May 7, 1969. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Palermo, October 17, 1970.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria d'Itria al Tritone, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, March 5, 1973; the name of the title was later changed to S. Maria Odigitria dei Siciliani. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Special papal envoy to the 16th International Marian Congress, Malta, September 15 to 18, 1983. Special papal envoy to the 22nd National Eucharistic Congress, Reggio Calabria, Italy, June 5 to 12, 1988. The slayings of two prominent anti-Mafia prosecutors in 1992 prompted the cardinal to publicly denounce the Mafia. Decorated with title of Knight of the Grand Cross of the Italian Republic by President Sandro Pertini. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, April 4, 1996. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, September 23, 1998.
Death. December 10, 2006, in the morning, in Casa Diocesana, piazza Baida, 1, Palermo, at the age of 88. Starting at 5 p.m., his body was exposed in Filangeri Hall of the archiepiscopal palace for the priests to visit; from 6 p.m., the faithful were also able to visit and pay their respects. The exposition of the body continued on Monday December 11, 2006, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. At 7 p.m., the body was transferred to the metropolitan cathedral and exposed until midnight. At 9 p.m. there was a prayer vigil in the cathedral conducted by the Archiepiscopal Seminary. On Tuesday December 12, from 7 a.m. to noon, the exposition continued; Holy Mass was celebrated in the morning at 7, 7.45 and 9; at 10 a celebration of the Office of Readings by the metropolitan cathedral chapter took place. The cathedral reopened at 3 p.m. At 4 p.m., the exequial mass was celebrated by Cardinal Salvatore De Giorgi, archbishop of Palermo, who also delivered the homily, and was concelebrated by the bishops of Sicily, the metropolitan and Palatine chapters, as well as by all the priests present. Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals and secretary of State emeritus, presided the ceremony in the name of the pope. Paolo Romeo, titular archbishop of Vulturia, nuncio in Italy, also participated in the ceremony. Immediately after the mass, the body of the late cardinal was buried in the chapel of S.Cristina, in the metropolitan cathedral of Palermo.
Bibliography. Fabris, Rinaldo. "Mons. Salvatore Pappalardo." La Pontificia Università lateranense : profilo della sua storia, dei suoi maestri, e dei suoi discepoli. Roma : Libreria editrice della Pontificia Università lateranense, 1963, p. 251-252.
Link. Photograph and biographical data, in Italian.
PARECATTIL, Joseph (1912-1987)
Birth. April 1, 1912, Kindagoor, Kerala, archdiocese of Ernakulam of the Chaldean-Malabar, India.
Education. Minor Seminary of Ernakulam, Ernakulam; Seminary of Kandy, Ceylon (doctorate in theology; dissertation: Augustine vs. Pelagius on Grace); University of Madras, Madras (specialized in economics).
Priesthood. Ordained, August 24, 1939, Kandy. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Ernakulam of Chaldean-Malabar; directory of the weekly Sathyadeepamn (Truth's Light), 1939-1953.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Aretusa per i Siri and appointed auxiliary of Ernakuam of Chaldean-Malabar, October 28, 1953. Consecrated, November 30, 1953, Ernakulam, Cardinal Eugene Tisserant, bishop of Ostia and Porto e Santa Rufina, secretary of the S.C. of the Oriental Church, assisted by by archbishop Augustine Kandathil, archbishop of Ernakulam, and by Martin Lucas, S.V.D., titular archbishop of Aduli. Apostolic administrator of Ernakulam of Chaldean-Malabar, January 20, 1956. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Ernakulam of Chaldean-Malabar, July 20, 1956. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. President of the Chaldean-Malabar Episcopal Conference; of the Catholic Episcopal Conference of Kerala; and of the Catholic Episcopal Conference of India.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora "Regina Pacis," April 30, 1969. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. President of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Oriental Canon Law (1972-1987) Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, May 31, 1981. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, January 30, 1984.
Death. February 20, 1987, Cochin, India. Buried in St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam..
Bibliography. Cardinal Parecattil, the man, his vision, and his contribution. Edited by A.M. Mundadan. Alwaye: Star Publications, 1988; Bharanikulangara, Kuriacose. "Strenuo diffensore della dignità dela Chiese di rito orientale". L'Osservatore Romano, edizione quotidiana, CXXXVII, n. 42 (41,480), February 20, 1997, p.6.
PARENTE, Pietro (1891-1986)
Birth. February 16, 1891, Casalnuovo Monterotaro, diocese of Lucera, Italy.
Education. Metropolitan Seminary of Benevento, Benevento; Seminary "Pio," Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome; State University of Naples, Naples.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 18, 1916, Rome. Rector of the Seminary of Naples, 1916-1926. Privy chamberlainof His Holiness, January 8, 1925. Faculty member of the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, 1926-1934; 1940-1955. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, December 20, 1934. Rector of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome, 1934-1938. Founder and faculty member of the Faculty of Theology and Canon Law, Naples, 1938-1940. Faculty member of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome, 1950-1955. Special envoy to the centennial celebration of the University of Laval, Québec, Canada, 1952. Protonotary apostolic, August 7, 1952. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, June 14, 1953.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Perugia, September 15, 1955. Consecrated, October 23, 1955, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Federico Tedeschini, bishop of Frascati, archpriest of St. Peter's basilica, papal datary, assisted by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome, and by Pietro Sigismondi, titular archbishop of Neapoli di Pisidia, secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide. Transferred to the titular see of Tolemaide di Tebaide and appointed assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, October 23, 1959. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Secretary of the S.C. for the Doctrine of the Faith, December 7, 1965.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, June 26, 1967; received the red biretta and the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, June 29, 1967. Papal legate to the Eucharistic Congress, Seville, Spain, June 6, 1968. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, February 16, 1971. Special papal envoy to the Eucharistic Congress and the celebration of the VII centennial of St. Thomas Aquinas' death, Quino, Italy, May 15 to June 2, 1974. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979.
Death. December 29, 1986, at his Vatican apartment. Buried in the shrine of Vergine della Rocca, Casalnuovo Monterotaro.
Bibliography. "La consacrazione episcopale di Mons. Pietro Parente." L'Osservatore Romano [electronic resource]. Città del Vaticano : L'Osservatore Romano, XCV, n. 556 (October 24-25, 1955), p. 3; Ruberto, Michele di. Bibliografia del Cardinale Pietro Parente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1991.
PARRADO GARCÍA, Agustín (1872-1946)
Birth. October 5, 1872, Fuensaldaña, archdiocese of Valencia, Spain.
Education. Seminary of Valladolid, Valladolid.
Priesthood. Ordained, September 21, 1895, Valladolid. Successively, 1895-1925, faculty member of the Seminary of Valladolid and of the Pontifical University of Valladolid; vice-rector of Seminary of Valladolid; canon penitentiary of cathedral chapter of Astorga; director of the diocesan newspaper of Astorga; diocesan official of Astorga; diocesan official of Salamanca and dean of the theological faculty of the Pontifical University of Salamanca. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, June 14, 1922.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Palencia, May 20, 1925. Consecrated, August 16, 1925, cathedral of Salamanca, by Julián de Diego Garía, patriarch of Western Indies and military vicar general, assisted by Manuel de Castro y Alosnso, bishop of Segovia, and by Manuel María Vidal y Boullón, bishop of Tuy. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Granada, April 4, 1934. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, October 17, 1945.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Agostino, February 22, 1946.
Death. October 8, 1946, Granada. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Granada .
Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 87.
PASKAI, O.F.M., László (1927-
Birth. May 8, 1927, Szeged, Hungary.
Education. Joined the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans). Franciscan houses of study; Franciscan theologate, Gyongyos; Central Seminary, Budapest; Academy of Budapest (doctorate in theology).
Priesthood. Ordained, March 3, 1951. Pastoral work in the diocese of Nagyvarad, 1951-1952. Further studies, Budapest, 1952. In Szeged, episcopal master of ceremonies, 1952-1955; faculty member and librarian of its seminary, 1955-1962. Prefect of the Interdiocesan Seminary, faculty member and spiritual director, 1962-1965. Faculty member and spirtual director, Central Seminary, Budapest, 1965-1973; rector, 1973-1978.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Bavagaliana and appointed apostolic administrator of Veszprém, March 2, 1978. Consecrated, April 5, 1978, parish church of Szent Marguerite, Veszprém, by Cardinal László Lekai, archbishop of Esztergom, assisted by László Kadar, archbishop of Eger, and by Imre Kisberk, bishop of Székesfehérvár. Transferred to the see of Veszprém, March 31, 1979. Promoted to coadjutor archbishop of Kalocsa, April 5, 1982. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1983. President of the Episcopal Conference of Hungary, 1986-1989. Transferred to the metropolitan and primatial see of Esztergom, March 3, 1987. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 28, 1988; received the red biretta and the title of S. Teresa al Corso d'Italia, June 28, 1988. Became archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest when the name of the see was changed, May 31, 1993. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. On December 7, 2002, the pope accepted his resignation to the pastoral government of the archdiocese presented in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age on May 8, 2007.
Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 317.
PAUPINI, Giuseppe (1907-1992)
Birth. February 25, 1907, Mondavio, diocese of Fano, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Fano, Fano; Pontifical Regional Seminary "Pio XI," Fano (liceali studies and theology); Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in canon law).
Priesthood. Ordained, March 19, 1930, Fano. Further studies, 1930-1932. Pastoral work in the diocese of Fano and faculty member of its seminary, 1932-1939. Entered the service of the Secretariat of State in 1939 as attaché of the nunciature in France; and later, secretary of the nunciature in Italy. Successively, chargé d'affaires of the nunciatures in Honduras and Nicaragua, and Cuba, 1947-1951. Promoted to counselor of nunciature and destined to the Secretariat of State, 1951. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, October 19, 1952. Pastoral work in the diocese of Rome, 1952-1956.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Sebastopoli di Abasgia and appointed internuncio in Iran and apostolic administrator of Ispahan of the Latins, February 2, 1956. Consecrated, February 26, 1956, church of S. Eugenio, Rome, by Cardinal Valerio Valeri, prefect of S.C. of Religious, assisted by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Tirnovo, secretary of the S.C. of Extroardinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Vincenzo Del Signore, bishop of Fano. Nuncio in Guatemala and El Salvador, February 25, 1957. Nuncio in Colombia, May 23, 1959. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ognissanti in Via Appia Nuova, April 30, 1969. Named grand penitentiary, March 21, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 24 to 26, 1978. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Opted for the order of priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, June 30, 1979. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Resigned the post of grand penitentiary, April 8, 1984. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, February 25, 1987. Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals, June 22, 1987 until May 2, 1988.
Death. July 18, 1992, Rome. Buried in Mondavio, Marches.
Bibliography. Restrepo Posada, José. "Galería de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Historia Eclesiástica, V (January-June, 1970), 243-244.
PAVAN, Pietro (1903-1994)
Birth. August 30, 1903, Treviso, Italy.
Education. Student at Almo Collegio Capranica, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in philosophy and theology); University of Padua, Padua (doctorate in political sciences).
Priesthood. Ordained, July 8, 1928. Faculty member, Seminary of Treviso, 1933-1946. Ecclesiastical counselor of the Catholic Institute of Social Activity, Rome, 1946; professor of social economics at the Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome, 1948-1969; its rector magnifico, 1969-1974. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 5, 1951. Protonotary apostolic ad instar, January 11, 1962. Consultor of the SS.CC. of the Holy Office, Consistorial, and of Seminaries and Universities of Studies. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965, as an expert; member of the commission for the laity. Vice-president of the Social Catholic Weeks of Italy. Socius of the International Union of Social Studies of Mechlen, Belgium. The Catholic University of Santiago, Chile, granted him a doctorate honoris causa. He was instrumental in the writing of Pope John XXIII's encyclical Pacem in terris. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; by papal appointment. Considered a world leading authority in social teachings of the church. He wrote several works on social economics, sociology and democracy.
Episcopate. Excused from becoming a bishop because of advanced age.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Francesco da Paola ai Monte, May 25, 1985. Was 81 years of age when created a cardinal and, therefore, did not have the right to participate in the conclave.
Death. December 26, 1994, Rome. Buried in the chapel of the Daughters of the Church, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.
Bibliography. Molinaro, Aniceto. "Mons. Pietro Pavan." La Pontificia Università lateranense : profilo della sua storia, dei suoi maestri, e dei suoi discepoli. Roma : Libreria editrice della Pontificia Università lateranense, 1963, p. 257-258.
PELL, George (1941-
Birth. April 8, 1941, Ballarat, Australia. Son of George Arthur Pell and Margaret Lillian Burke.
Education. "St. Patrick College", Ballarat; Major Interdiocesan Seminary of Melbourne, Melbourne; Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum of "Propaganda Fide", Rome (licentiate in theology, 1967); Oxford University, Oxford, England (doctorate in philosophy, 1971); Monash University, Clyaton, Australia (master in education, 1982). In earlier years, he was a keen sports coach in soccer, Aussie Rules and rowing. He is vice-patron of the Richmond Football Club and a long-term supporter and member of the Club since he signed to play with them in 1959. He received the diaconate on August 15, 1966.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 16, 1966, patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian, prefect of the S.C. for Propagation of the Faith. Further studies, Oxford, 1967-1970. Assistant pastor in the parishes of Swan Hill, 1971-1972; and Ballarat East, 1973-1983; administrator of the parish of Bungaree, 1984; and parish priest of Mentone, 1984-1996. Episcopal vicar for Education, diocese of Ballarat, 1973-1984; a founding member of the Catholic Education Commission of Victoria, 1973-1984; director of the Aquinas Campus of the Institute of Catholic Education, 1974-84; principal of the Institute (now merged into Australian Catholic University), 1981-1984; editor of Light, the magazine of the diocese of Ballarat, 1979-1984; member of the Academic Board of State College of Victoria and at different times a member of the Councils of the State College of Victoria - Ballarat, the Ballarat College of Advanced Education and Signadou College, Canberra. Rector of Corpus Christi College, the Provincial Seminary for Victoria and Tasmania, 1985-1987.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Scala and appointed auxiliary of Melbourne, March 30, 1987. Consecrated, May 21, 1987, St. Peter's metropolitan cathedral, Melbourne, by Frank Little, archbishop of Melbourne, assisted by Ronald Austin Mulkearns, bishop of Ballarat, and by Joseph Peter O'Connell, titular bishop of Sanctus Germanus, auxiliary of Melbourne. Chairman of Caritas Australia, 1988-1997. Chairman of the committee charged with setting up the new Australian Catholic University, 1989; served as the University's Foundation Pro-Chancellor, 1991-1995. President of the University's board of owners, 1996. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; by papal appointment. Appointed by the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, apostolic visitor to the National Seminaries of New Zealand, 1994; Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, 1995; the Pacific, 1996; and Irian Jaya and Sulawesi, 1998. Promoted to metropolitan see of Melbourne, July 16, 1996. Delegate, appointed by the prime minister, to the Constitutional Convention, February 1998. Decorated with the Grand Cross of Merit of the Order of Saint Lazarus and co-deputy National Chaplain of the order, 1998. Grand Prior of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, Australian Lieutenancy - Southern, 1998. Attended the Special Assembly for Oceania of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 22 to December 12, 1998. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999; by papal appointment. Fellow of the Australian College of Education. Transferred to metropolitan see of Sydney, March 26, 2001. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Cleared by the independent inquiry set up to investigate an accusation of sexual abuse against him, October 2002. President of the Committee "Vox Clara", to supervise the liturgical translations into English.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello, October 21, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005; by papal appointment. Named member of of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, February 3, 2007.
Bibliography. Livingstone, Tess. George Pell. Sydney : Duffy & Snellgrove, 2002.
Link. Photograph and biography, in English.
PELLEGRINETTI, Ermenegildo (1876-1943)
Birth. March 27, 1876, Camaiore, archdiocese of Lucca, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Lucca, Lucca; Pontifical Roman Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome; Vatican School of Paleogrophy and Diplomacy, Vatican.
Priesthood. Ordained, September 24, 1898, Lucca. Pastoral work in Lucca and faculty member of its seminary, 1898-1917. Military chaplain in the First World War, 1917-1918. Secretary to the nuncio in Poland, 1918. Auditor in the nunciature in Poland, 1919-1922. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, July 29, 1919. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, February 22, 1922.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Adana, May 24, 1922. Appointed nuncio in Yugoslavia, May 29, 1922. Consecrated, June 18, 1922, church of S. Maria in Portico a Campitelli, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, secretary of State, assisted by Giovanni Maria Zonghi, titular archbishop of Colosse, president of the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, and by Giovanni Volpi, titular archbishop of Antiochia di Pisidia. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Zagreb, Yugoslavia, July 30, 1930.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, December 13, 1937; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, December 16, 1937. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII.
Death. March 29, 1943, Rome. Buried in the collegiate church of Camaiore.
Bibliography. Pellegrinetti, Ermenegildo ; Natalini, Terzo. I diari del cardinale Ermenegildo Pellegrinetti, 1916-1922. Città del Vaticano : Archivio Vaticano, 1994. (Collectanea Archivi Vaticani, 35). Other title: Diari del card. E. Pellegrinetti.
PELLEGRINO, Michele (1903-1986)
Birth. April 25, 1903, Centallo, diocese of Fossano, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Fossano, Fossano; Catholic University of Milan, Milan; Theological Faculty, Turin.
Priesthood. Ordained, September 19, 1925, Fossano, by Quirico Travaini, bishop of Fossano. Further studies, 1925-1933. Spiritual director of the Seminary of Fossano, 1929-1933. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Fossano; vicar general; and vicar capitular, 1933-1943. Faculty member of the University of Turin, 1943-1965. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, July 21, 1965.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Turin, September 18, 1965. Consecrated, October 17, 1965, by Giovanni Dadone, archbishop-bishop of Fossano, assisted by Giuseppe Beltrami, titular archbishop of Damasco, internuncio in Holland, and by Felicissimo Stefano Tinivella, O.F.M., titular bishop of Cana, former coadjutor of Turin. Attended the last session of the Second Vatican Council, 1965.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, June 26, 1967; received the red biretta and the title of Ss.mo Nome di Gesù, June 29, 1967. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, August 1, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, April 25, 1983.
Death. October 10, 1986, Turin. Buried, family plot, parish church of Roata Chiusani.
Bibliography. Brusa Caccia, Maria Elisabetta. Un padre e la sua città. Il card. Michele Pellegrino arcivescovo di Torino. Torino : Editrice Elle di Ci, 1996; Parola, Alessandro. Michele Pellegrino : gli anni giovanili. Cuneo : Primalpe, 2003.
Birth. August 5, 1944, Mwazye, diocese of Sumbawanga, Tanganyika. He has four brothers and four sisters.
Education. Preparatory Seminary of Mwazye, Mwazye; Minor Seminary of Karema, Karema; Major Seminary of Kipalapala, Sumbawanga; Accademia Alfonsiana, Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (doctorate in moral theology).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 20, 1971, Sumbawanga, by Charles Msakila, bishop of Sumbawanga. Secretary of the bishop of Sumbawanga, 1971-1973. Further studies in Rome, 1973-1977. Faculty member, Seminary of Kipalapala, 1977-1978. Rector, faculty member and economous of the Major Seminary of Segerea, 1978-1983. Also, in charge of pastoral of the laity and of vocations.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Nachingwea, November 11, 1983. Consecrated, January 6, 1984, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Durasamy Simon Lourdusamy, archbishop emeritus of Bangalora, secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. In the same ceremony was consecrated Jan Pieter Schotte, C.I.C.M., titular archbishop of Silli, vice-president of the Pontifical Commission Iustitia et Pax, future cardinal. Transferred to the see of Tunduru-Masasi, October 17, 1986. Promoted to coadjutor with succession of Dar-es-Salaam, January 22, 1990. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Dar-es-Salaam, July 22, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Africa, April 10 to May 8, 1994; member of the council of the General Secretariat of the Special Assembly for Africa.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora de La Salette, February 21, 1998. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Elected president of the Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM) at the end of the First Panafrican Congress of Evangelization and of the 14th Plenary Assembly of SECAM, celebrated in Dar-es-Salaam on Sunday January 21, 2007.
Birth. December 18, 1868, Tortona, Italy. Brother of famous composer Lorenzo Perosi.
Education. Seminary of Tortona, Tortona; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; in Collegio Lombardo, Rome, he was classmate of Luigi Sincero and Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano, future cardinals.
Priesthood. Ordained, November 8, 1891. Further studies, Rome, 1891-1894. In Tortona, 1894-1904, pastoral work; faculty member and vice-rector of its seminary; and diocesan official. Counselor adjunct for the Provincial Councils, Rome, September 21, 1904. Visitor to the seminaries of Sicily, 1907. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 15, 1907. Substitute of the S.C. Consistorial, October 20, 1908. Regent of the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, December 7, 1911. Canon of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, 1915. Assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, December 8, 1916. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 6, 1917.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, June 21, 1926: received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Eustachio, June 24, 1926. Pro-secretary of the S.C. Consistorial, February 10, 1928; secretary, November 1, 1928.
Death. February 22, 1930, Rome. Buried, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.
PETIT DE JULLEVILLE, Pierre (1876-1947)
Birth. November 22, 1876, Dijon, France. His baptismal name was Pierre-André-Charles.
Education. Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, Paris; University of La Sorbonne, Paris.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 4, 1903, Paris. Further studies, 1903-1905. Faculty member of the Grand Seminary of Issy Paris, 1905--1910. Canon of the cathedral chapter and superior the of School of Sainte-Croix-de-Neuilly, Neuilly, 1910-1914; 1918-1927. Military chaplain in the First World War, 1914-1918.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Dijon, June 23, 1927. Consecrated, September 29, 1927, metropolitan cathedral of Paris, by Cardinal Louis-Ernest Dubois, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Louis Gaillard, bishop of Meaux, and by Georges Audollent, bishop of Blois. Promoted the to metropolitan see of Rouen, August 7, 1936. Apostolic administrator of the see of Dijon, September 18, 1936 to May 15, 1937.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Aquiro, February 22, 1946.
Death. December 10, 1947, Rouen. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Rouen.
Bibliography. Brain, Roger. Le Cardinal Petit de Julleville. Paris: Centre de documentation sacerdotale, 1948; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 443-444; De la Serre, René. Le Cardinal Petit de Julleville. Paris: Librairie Plon, 1955.
PHAM MINH MÂN, Jean-Baptiste (1934-
Birth. 1934, Ca Mau, diocese of Cantho (now Cân Tho, Cu Lao Gien), Viêt Nam. His first name in Vietnamese is Gioan Baotixita.
Education. Minor Seminary of Cantho, Cantho; Saint Joseph's Mayor Seminary, Saigon (now Hôchiminh Ville) (philosophy and theology); obtained a master of Education degree in the United States, 1971. Besides his native Vietnamese, he also speaks French and English.
Prieshtood. Ordained, May 25, 1965, Cantho, by Jacques Nhuyên Ngoc Quang, bishop of Cantho. Incardinated in the diocese of Cantho. Professor in the Minor Seminary of Cantho; further studies in the United States, 1968-1971; returned to his country and was again named professor at the Minor Seminary of Cantho until the Communist invasion in 1975. Rector of the Major Seminary of Cân Tho for the three dioceses of Cân Tho, Vinh Long and Long Xuyen, 1989 to 1993.
Episcopate. Elected coadjutor bishop of My Tho, March 22, 1993. Consecrated, August 11, 1993, Seminary of Cân Tho, by Emmanuel Lê Phong Thuân, bishop of Cân Tho, assisted by François Xavier Nguyên Quang Sach, bishop of Dà Nang, and by Joseph Nguyên Tuyên, coadjutor bishop of Bac Ninh. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Thàn-Phô Hô Chi Minh (Hôchiminh Ville), March 1, 1998. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giustino, October 21, 2003. The government of Viêt Nam expressed its displeasure because the Vatican did not seek its permission to elevate the archbishop to the cardinalate and indicated that it was not going to recognize the promotion; four days later, it reversed itself and welcomed the appointment. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.
Link. Photograph and biographical data, in Vietnamese.
PHAM ÐINH TUNG, Paul Joseph (1919-
Birth. May 20, 1919, Quang Nap, Yên Mô, diocese of Phát Diêm, Viêt Nam. his first name is also listed as Phaôlô-Giuse, its Vietnamese form.
Education. École Puginier La Salle (Hà Nôi); Hoàng Nguyên Minor Seminary; St. Sulpice Major Seminary (Hà Nôi).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 6, 1949, Hà Nôi, by Tadêô Lê Huu Tu, O. Cist., titular bishop of Daphnusia, apostolic vicar of Phát Diêm. Pastor of Hàm Long Parish, Hà Nôi City, 1950-1955. Superior of St. John Minor Seminary, Hà Nôi, 1955-1963; the Seminary was closed by the State authority in 1960 and never opened again.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bac Ninh, April 5, 1963. Consecrated, August 15, 1963, metropolitan cathedral of Hà Nôi, by Joseph-Marie Trinh Nhu Khuê, archbishop of Hà Nôi, assisted by Father J. Bich and Father Cung. Placed under house arrest, 1963-1990. Apostolic administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis of Hà Nôi, July 5, 1990. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Hà Nôi, March 23, 1994.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Regina Pacis in Ostia Mare, November 26, 1994. President of Viêt Nam Episcopal Conference. Apostolic administrator, sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctæ Sedis, of Lang Son et Cao Bang, March 1, 1998 until June 3, 1999. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of Second Centennial of Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary en La Vang, August 13 to 15, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, June 15, 1999. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese according to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, February 19, 2005.
PHILIPPE, O.P., Paul-Pierre (1905-1984)
Birth. April 16, 1905, Paris, France.
Education. Joined the Order of Preachers, Paris, 1926. Dominican houses of studies.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 6, 1932. Further studies, 1932-1935. Faculty member of the Dominican Studium, Lwow, Poland, 1935. Faculty member of the Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome, 1935-1939. Officer in the French Army during the Second World War, 1939-1942. Faculty member of the Institute "Le Saulchoir," 1942-1945. Superior of Dominican house of studies and faculty member of the Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome, 1945-1950. Founder of the Institute of Spirituality for seminary directors and masters of novices, 1950. Founder and director of the Dominican school for mistresses of novices, 1953-1957. Apostolic visitor to various religious institutes, 1951-1956. First socius of the cornmissary of Holy Office, 1954-1955; commissary, 1955-1959. Secretary of the S.C. of Religious, December 14, 1959.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Erocleopoli Maggiore, August 28, 1962. Consecrated, September 21, 1962, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Francesco Carpino, titular archbishop of Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial, and by Pietro Parente, titular archbishop of Teolemaide di Tebaide, assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Cesare Zerba, Pietro Palazzini, and Enrico Dante. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Secretary of the S.C. for he Doctrine of the Faith, June 29, 1967.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Pio V a Villa Carpegna, March 5, 1973. Prefect of the S.C. for the Oriental Churches, March 6, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Cardinal Patronus of Sovereign Military Order of Malta, November 10, 1978. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Resigned prefecture, June 27, 1980. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, February 2, 1983.
Death. April 9, 1984, Rome. Buried, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.
Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 445-446.
PIAZZA, O.C.D., Adeodato Giovanni (1884-1957)
Birth. September 30, 1884, Vigo de Cadore, diocese of Belluno, Italy. Son of Giuseppe Piazza and Elisabetta Nicolò.
Education. Entered the Carmelite school in Treviso1897; received the sacrament of confirmation, 1898; received the religious habit, August 6, 1902; emitted the religious vows, August 7, 1903; served in the medial corps in the Italian army in Trevso, 1904-1906; went to Venice to study theology; emitted the soplemn vows, August 7, 1907; received the minor orders from Bishop Andrea Giacinto Longhini of Treviso.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1908, Venice, by Cardinal Aristide Cavallari, patriarch of Venice. Finished the theological studies in 1910. Faculty member of Carmelite houses of studies in San Vigilio, Adro and Brescia, 1909-1914. Returned to Venice in 1914 and taught letters at a lyceum. Prior of the Carmelite convent of Tombetta Veronese, 1915. During the First World War, 1915-1919, he was military chaplain of the 21st Regiment of Cavalry of Padua; and later, chaplain at the militray hospital of Montecatini. Elected prior of the Carmelite novitiate of Brescia, 1919-1921. Elected prior of the convent and school of Adrio, 1921. Secretary of the Superior General of his order, Rome, 1922-1925. General procurator of his order, 1925-1930.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Benevento, January 29, 1930. Consecrated, February 24, 1930, church of S. Teresa al Corso d`Italia, Rome, by Cardinal Basilio Pompilj, bishop of Velletri, vicar general of Rome and its district, assisted by Cardinal Raffaele Carlo Rossi, O.C.D., secretary of the S.C. Consistorial, and by Pio Marcello Bagnoli, O.C.D., bishop of Marsi. Promoted to the patriarchate of Venice, December 16, 1935.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, December 13, 1937; received red hat and title of S. Prisca, December 16, 1937. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Secretary of the S.C. Consistorial, October 1, 1948. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Sabina e Poggio Mirteto, March 14, 1949. Papal legate to the centennial celebration of Sant'Agata, Catania, Sicily, Italy, July 30, 1951; to the National Marian Congress, São Paulo, Brazil, July 30, 1954; to the First General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Rio de Janeiro, July 25 to August 4, 1955; to the celebrations for the finding of the mortal remains of Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, Italy, April 16, 1957.
Death. November 30, 1957, Rome. Buried, Carmelite church of S. Teresa al Corso d'Italia, Rome.
Bibliography. Di Franca, Mario, Una porpora bianca. Modena : Edizioni Paoline, 1958; Niero, Antonio. I patriarchi di Venezia. Da Lorenzo Giustiniani ai nostri giorni. Venice : Studium Cattolico Veneziano, 1961. (Collana Storica, 3), pp. 213-217and 258; Urbani, Giovanni. Il Cardinale Adeodato G. Piazza. Venice : Fondazione Giorgio Cini, 1958; Zarra, Titta. Una roccia del Cadore : il Cardinale Adeodato Giovanni Piazza. Roma : Editrice "Cor Unum", 1968.
PICACHY, S.J., Lawrence Trevor (1916-1992)
Birth. August 7, 1916, Darjeeling, India.
Education. Joined Society of Jesus (Jesuits), 1934. Saint Joseph College, Dajeerling; Saint Stanislaus College, Hazaribagali, Bihor; Sacred Heart Colle, Shembaganur; Saint Francis Xavier's College, Calcutta; Saint Mary's College, Kurslong, Himalaya.
Priesthood. Ordained, November 21, 1947. Faculty member and rector, Saint Francis Xavier's College, Calcutta, 1950-1960. Pastoral work, Basanti, 1960-1962.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Jamshedpur, July 12, 1962. Consecrated, September 9, 1962, Golmuri, church of Saint Joseph, by James Knox, titular archbishop of Melitene, internuncio in India and apostolic delegate in Burma and Ceylon, assisted by Pius Kerketta, S.J., archbishop of Ranchi, and by Augustine Francis Wildermuth, S.J., bishop of Patna. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Calcutta, May 29, 1969. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. President of the Episcopal Conference of India, 1976-.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, May 24, 1976; received the red biretta and the title of Sacro Cuore di Maria a Piazza Euclide, May 24, 1976. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16, 1978. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; one of the three president delegates. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese on April 5, 1986.
Death. November 30, 1992, Calcutta. Buried, Jesuit Dhyanashram, Thakurpukur.
PIFFL, C.C.R.S.A., Friedrich Gustav (1864-1932)
Birth. October 15, 1864, Landskron, diocese of Königgrätz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. Son of Rudolf Piffl, a bookseller and shopkeeper, and Maria Magdalena Piro. He volunteered for a year in the Austrian army.
Education. Teutonic College of S. Maria in Camposanto, Rome; Sankt'Augustine monastery, Klosterneuburg, Austria. Joined the Congregation of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine, 1883; took the name Friedrich; University of Vienna, Vienna (philosophy).
Priesthood. Ordained, January 8, 1888. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Vienna, 1888-1892. Pastor and prior of the collegiate church of Klosterneuburg, 1892-1913; provost, January 9, 1907 to April 1, 1913.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Vienna, May 2, 1913. Consecrated, June 1, 1913, abbey of Klosterneuburg, by Raffaele Scapinelli di Léguigno, titular archbishop of Laodicea, nuncio in Austria-Hungary, assisted by Hermann Zschokke, titular bishop of Cesarea di Filippi, auxiliary of Vienna, and by Josef Pfluger, titular bishop of Arpasa, auxiliary of Vienna.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, May 25, 1914; received the red hat and the title of S. Marco, September 8, 1914. Participated in the conclaves of 1914 and 1922.
Death. April 21, 1932, Vienna. Buried in the crypt of Sankt Stefan metropolitan cathedral of Vienna.
Bibliography. Knoll, August Maria. Kardinal Fr. G. Piffl und osterreichische Episkopat zu sozialen und kulturellen Fragen, 1913-1932. Quellensammlung von August M. Knoll ; Einband von Rose Reinhold. Wien: Reinhold-Verlag, 1932. (Kleine historische monographien, 35); Krexner, Martin. Hirte an der Zeitenwende: Kardinal Friedrich Gustav Piffl und seine Zeit. Wien : Dom, 1988. Note : Revision of the author's doctoral thesis: Kardinal Friedrich Gustav Piffl -- Universität Wein,1987; Rennhofer, Friedrich. Friedrich Gustav Kardinal Piffl, Erzbischof von Wien, 1864-1932. Denkschrift der Christkönigskirche (Kardinal-Piffl-Gedächtniskirche) Gloggnitz. [Mit Porträt]. Gloggnitz : Franz Rudolf Kopf, 1967; Saurer, Edith. Die politischen Aspekte der österreichischen Bischofsernennungen, 1867-1903. Anhang: Die Wiener Erzbischöfe Nagl und Piffl. Wien, München : Herold, 1968. (Forschungen zur Kirchengeschichte Österreichs, Bd. 6). Notes : Based on the author's thesis, Vienna, 1966.
Links. Portrait and biography, in Czech; photograph and biographical information, in German; list of the the provosts of Klosterneuburg.
Birth. June 4, 1910, Felina di Reggio Emilia, diocese of Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia (classics); Catholic University of Milan, Milan doctorate in Ancient Studies; Pontifical Lateran Athenueum, Rome (doctorate in theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (master's in ecclesiastical history).
Priesthood. Ordained, April 1, 1933, Rome. Vice-rector of Seminary of Reggio Emilia, 1933-1934. Chaplain, Catholic University, Milan, 1934-1940. Military chaplain during the Second World War, 1940-1943. Staff member of the Secretariot of State; assistant general chaplain of the Italian Catholic Action; and general chaplain of the Italian Boy Scouts, 1943-1950. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, May 5, 1945. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, September 5, 1949. Secretary of the Central Committee of the 1950 Holy Year.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Iconio and appointed nuncio in Bolivia, December 22, 1950. Consecrated, February 11, 1951, major basilica of S. Paolo fuori le Mura, Rome, by Cardinal Adeodato Giovanni Piazza, O.C.D., bishop of of Sabina e Poggio Mirteto, secretary of S.C. Consistorial, assisted by Valerio Valeri, titular archbishop of Efeso, assessor of the S.C. for the Oriental Church, and by Beniamino Socche, bishop of Reggio Emilia. Nuncio in Venezuela, October 19, 1954. Named auxiliary bishop to Giovanni Battista Montini, archbishop of Milan, April 15, 1955. Apostolic delegate in Western and Central Africa, with residence in Lagos, September 23, 1960. Apostolic delegate in Canada, June 1, 1964. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. President of the Extraordinary Conference of Viet Nam's Episcopate, September 1966. Secretary of S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples, June 10, 1967.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Giorgio in Velabro, March 5, 1973. President of the Secretariat for Non-Christians, March 6, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Special papal envoy to the consecration of the Ugandan Martyrs shrine, Namugongo, Uganda, June 3, 1974. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Cardinal protodeacon, June 30, 1979. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979.
Death. June 15, 1980, Rome. Buried, parish church, Felina di Castelnuovo ne' Monti.
Bibliography. Palermo, Gervasio. Il cardinale Sergio Pignedoli, amico indimenticabile (1910-1980) : memorie e testimonianze. A cura di P. Gervasio Palermo. Andria: Collegio missionario S. Cuore, 1989; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2002. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 266-267.
PIMENTA, Simon Ignatius (1920-
Birth. Monday March 1, 1920, at 10:20 a.m., Marol, archdiocese of Bombay, India. Son of Joseph Anthony and Rosie Pimenta. He was baptized in the church of Marol on March 14, 1920. He received the first communion on Febrary 27, 1927, in the church of Marol; and confirmation on January 8, 1933 in the same church.
Education. Local Marathi School (up to Std. IV); St. John the Evangelist School, Marol, 1929-1930 (for Std. II, English ); St. Xavier's College, Bombay (1930-1936); St. Xavier's High School, Bombay, 1936-1940 (B.A. with mathematics); Diocesan Seminary at Parel, Bombay, 1940-1944 (humanities, philosophy and theology); St. Andrew's High School, Bandra, 1944-1946 (regency); Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide", Rome, 1951-1954 (doctorate in canon law, June 1954).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1940, St. Peter's church, Bandra, by Valerian Gracias, titular bishop of Tenneso, auxiliary of Bombay. He celebrated his first mass on December 22, 1949, in the church of Marol. On the staff of Holy Name cathedral and of the archbishop's house, Bombay, May 1950-1951. Further studies in Rome, 1951-1954. Secretary, archbishop's house, vice chancellor of the archdiocese and defensor of the matrimonial bond, September 1954 to June 1959. Assistant at the church of Our Lady of Grace, Papdy, Vasai, June 1959 to June 1960.Vice-rector of the cathedral of the Holy Name, Bombay, June 1960 to August 1960; its rector, August 1967. Visiting professor of liturgy, St. Pius College Seminary, Goregaon, 1960 to 1965; its rector, March 1971. Named chaplain of His Holiness, October 7, 1964.Episcopal vicar for the liturgy and for the pastoral formation of the junior clergy, March 1968.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Bocconia and appointed auxiliary of Bombay, June 5, 1971. Consecrated, June 29, 1971, St. Peter's church, Bandra, by Cardinal Valerian Gracias, archbishop of Bombay, assisted by Longinus Gabriel Pereira, titular bishop of Vada, auxiliary of Bombay, and by William Zephyrine Gomes, bishop of Poona. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Bombay, April 10, 1976; the appointment suspended due to conflict with the Indian government concerning ecclesiastical appointments. Promoted to coadjutor archbishop, with right of succession, of Bombay, February 26, 1977. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Bombay, September 11, 1978. Elected president of the Catholic Bishops Conference of India (CBCI ), Tiruchirapalli meeting, January 11, 1982; re-elected, Nagpur meeting, February 3, 1984; re-elected, Goa meeting, April 14, 1986. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1983; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, June 28, 1988; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Regina Mundi a Torre Spaccata, June 28, 1988. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; one of its three president delegates; member of its general secretariat, 1990-1994. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, December 2, 1993, for five years. Elected president of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India, Latin Rite (CCBI -LR ), March 3, 1994. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, November 8, 1996. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, March 1, 2000.
Bibliography. Pimenta, Simon. Memoirs & milestones. Bombay : Printania, 2000.
Birth. February 21, 1924, Ronta di Borgo San Lorenzo, Mugello, archdiocese of Florence, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Florence, Florence; University of Florence, Florence.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 13, 1947, Florence, by Cardinal Elia Dalla Costa, archbishop of Florence. In archdiocese of Florence, pastoral work, 1947-1948; faculty member and vice-rector of its minor seminary, 1948-1961; pastoral work, 1961-1979; Chaplain of His Holiness, October 26, 1966; pro-vicar general and, later, vicar general, 1979-1982.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tubune di Maritania and appointed auxiliary of Florence, May 28, 1982. Consecrated, June 24, 1982, metropolitan cathedral basilica S. Maria del Fiore, Florence, by Cardinal Giovanni Benelli, archbishop of Florence, assisted by Antonio Bagnoli, bishop emeritus of Fiesole, and by Giovanni Bianchi, bishop of Pescia. Vicar capitular, October 26, 1982. Promoted to metropolitan see of Florence, March 18, 1983.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, May 25, 1985; received red biretta and title of S. Maria delle Grazie a Via Trionfale, May 25, 1985. Resigned pastoral government of the archdiocese, March 21, 2001. Lost the right to particpate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, February 21, 2004.
PIRONIO, Eduardo Francisco (1920-1998)
Birth. December 3, 1920, Nueve de Julio, Argentina. He was the youngest of the twenty-two children of José Pironio and Enriqueta Rosa Butazzoni, an immigrant middle class family originally from Percoto, Friuli, Italy.
Education. Initial studies in the elementary school of Nueve de Julio; Seminary of San José, La Plata (philosophy and theology); Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome (licentiate in theology).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 5, 1943, basilica of Our Lady of Luján, Luján, by Annunziato Serafini, bishop of Mercedes. Faculty member, Pío XII Seminary, Mercedes, 1944-1959; vicar general of the diocese of Mercedes, 1959-1960. Rector of the Metropolitan Seminary of Villa Devoto, Buenos Aires, 1960-1964. Apostolic visitor to the Catholic Universities of Argentina, 1960. Faculty member and dean of the theological faculty of the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, 1960-1964. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1964, as an expert.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Ceciri and appointed auxiliary of La Plata, March 24, 1964. Consecrated, May 31, 1964, Luján, by Antonio José Plaza, archbishop of La Plata, assisted by Antonio Quarracino, bishop of Nueve de Julio, and by Luis Juan Tomé, bishop of Mercedes. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1964-1965. Apostolic administrator of the diocese of Avellaneda, 1967. Secretary general of the Latin American Episcopal Counsel (CELAM), 1967-1972. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Attended the II General Conference of Latin American Episcopate, August 24 to September 6, 1968, Medellín, Colombia; its secretary general. Attended the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. President of the Latin American Episcopal Counsel, 1972-1974; confirmed, 1974-1975. Transferred to the see of Mar del Plata, April 19, 1972. Preached the spiritual exercises for the pope and the Roman Curia, Lent 1974. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; relator; member of its general secretariat, 1974-. Promoted to titular archbishop of Tiges and appointed pro-prefect of the S.C. for Religious and Secular Institutes, September 20, 1975.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, May 24, 1976; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, May 24, 1976. Prefect of S.C. for Religious and Secular Institutes, May 29, 1976. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Resigned the prefecture, April 8, 1984. Named president of the Pontifical Council for the Laity, April 8, 1984. Named president of the Pontifical Commission for the Pastoral of Health Care Agents, February 16, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8,1985. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated, pro illa vice, to title, June 22, 1987. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; one of its three president delegates. Resigned the presidency of the commission, March 1, 1989. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Special papal envoy to the 5th National Marian Congress, Ibarra, Ecuador, December 8 to 12, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly for Africa of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Named bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, July 11, 1995. Resigned the presidency of the Council for Laity, August 20, 1996. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997.
Death. Thrusday February 5, 1998, Vatican City. On Saturday February 7, 1998, in the altar of the chair of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Pope John Paul II presided over the funeral mass for the eternal repose of the late cardinal; the pope also delivered the homily; twenty seven cardinals concelebrated with the pope. The remains of Cardinal Pironio were transferred to Buenos Aires on February 11, 1998 and exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of that city. The funeral took place on Thrusday February 12 in the metropolitan cathedral of Buenos Aires, preisded by Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, archbishop of Buenos Aires and conclebrated by 39 bishops and 141 priests. In attendance were the president of the Republic of Argentina, doctor Carlos Saúl Menem, and mnisters of the his government, representatives of the armed forces; the chief and vice-chief of the government of the city of Buenos Aires, Fernando de la Rúa and Enrique Olivera; and representatives of several Orthodox Oriental Churches. After the funeral, the mortal remains were taken to the abbey of "Santa Escolástica", of the Benedictine nuns, in Victoria, province of Buenos Aires, for a night vigil of prayers. The following day, the body was taken to the basilica of Our Lady of Luján, where a farewell mass was presided by Nuncio Ubaldo Calabresi and concelebrated by fifty one bishops and 180 priests, and the attendance of 50 seminarians from different dioceses of Argentina. After the mass, the body was buried in that basilica, where the late cardinal had been ordained a priest and a bishop.
Beatification. The solemn opening of the diocesan phase of the process of the cause of beatification and canonization of the cardinal took on June 23, 2006, at noon, in Conciliazione Hall, Lateran apostolic palace, Rome, situated on Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano, 4, and was presided by Cardinal Camillo Ruini, vicar general of His Holiness for the diocese of Rome. The opening of the diocesan phase took place in Rome because it is the diocese where the cardinal lived his last years and where he died. The cardinal was instrumental in the organization of the World Youth Days. The Archdiocesan Tribunal of Buenos Aires initiated the Argentinian phase of the beatification process on Februray 22, 2007; it will hear the testimonies of approximately thirty three witnesses, bishops, priests, religious men and women, and lay people; the tribunal is presided by Joaquín Mariano Sucunza, auxiliary bishop and vicar general of the archdiocese of Buenos Aires, and is composed by Fr. Luis Glinka, delegate judge; Fr. Alejandro Bunge, adjunct judge; Fr. César Salvador Sturba, promoter of justie; notaries adjunct Sister Isabel Fernández and Miss Josefina Martinetto. The phase of gathering testimonies will continue, besides Argentina, in Spain and Colombia.
Links. Biography, in Spanish; homily of Pope John Paul II in the exequial mass in the patriarchal Vatican basmiica on February 7, 1998; homily of Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, in the exequies on February 12, 1998, in Spanish; his spiritual testament, in Spanish.
PIZZARDO, Giuseppe (1877-1970)
Birth. July 13, 1877, Savona, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Savona, Savona; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome; Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome (diplomacy).
Priesthood. Ordained, September 19, 1903, Rome. Further studies, 1903-1907. Pastoral ministry in Rome, 1908-1909; 1912-1930. Staff member of the Secretariat of State, 1908-1909. Secretary of the nunciature in Bavaria and privy chamberlain of His Holiness, June 7, 1909. Minutant in the Secretariat of State, 1912-1920. Reappointed privy chamberlain of His Holiness, September 7, 1914. Undersecretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, September 27, 1920. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 4, 1921. Substitute of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs and secretary of the Cipher, May 7, 1921. Ecclesiastical Assistant of the Central Committee of the Italian Catholic Action, October 9, 1923. Apostolic protonotary, January 11, 1927. Secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, June 8, 1929.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cirro, March 28, 1930. Transferred to titular see of Nicea, April 22, 1930. Consecrated, April 27, 1930, altar of the Chair of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, secretary of State and archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, assisted by Giuseppe Palica, titular archbishop of Filippi, vice-gerent of Rome, and by Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, titular archbishop of Seleuci d'Isauria, secretary of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith. President of the Pontifical Commission for Russia, December 21, 1934. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, January 19, 1936. Papal envoy to the coronation of King George VI of England, May 12, 1937.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, December 13, 1937; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Via, December 16, 1937. President of the Central Committee of the Italian Catholic Action, March 28, 1938. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Prefect of the S.C. for Seminaries and Universities, March 14, 1939. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, June 21, 1948. Protector of the Pontifical North American College, Rome, 1948-1970. Secretary of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, February 16, 1951 to November 7, 1959. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, March 29, 1965. Cardinal bishop of title of the suburbicarian see of Albano, November 17, 1966. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Resigned the prefecture and was named prefect emeritus, January 13, 1968.
Death. August 1, 1970, Rome. Buried in the church of S. Giuseppe in Frattocchie, Rome.
PLA Y DENIEL, Enrique (1876-1968)
Birth. December 19, 1876, Barcelona, Spain.
Education. Seminary of Barcelona, Barcelona; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Academy of S. Tommaso d'Aquino, Rome.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1900, Rome. Further studies, 1900-1903. Pastoral work in the diocese of Barcelona; faculty member of the Seminary of Barcelona; director of El Social, Revista Social, and Revista Eclesiástica; and canon of the cathedral chapter, 1903-1918.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Avila, December 4, 1918. Consecrated, June 8, 1919, cathedral of Barcelona, by Francesco Ragonesi, titular archbishop of Mira, nuncio in Spain, assisted by Enrique Reig y Casanova, bishop of Barcelona, and by Francisco de Paula Mas y Oliver, bishop of Gerona. Transferred to see of Salamanca, January 28, 1935. Strongly supported National Movement of Generalissimo Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Promoted to the metropolitan and primatial see of Toledo, October 3, 1941.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Pietro in Montorio, February 22, 1946. Papal legate to the celebrations in honor of Saint James the Apostle, Compostela, Spain, July 25, 1948; to the National Marian Congress, Zaragoza, Spain, September 24, 1954. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965; member of the board of presidency, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI.
Death. July 5, 1968, Toledo. Buried in the metropolitan and primatial cathedral of Toledo.
Bibliography. Alfonso Sánchez, José Manuel. Iglesia, política y educación en España, (1940-1960) : documentos del Archivo Pla y Deniel. Madrid : Fundación Universitaria Espaqola, 2005-. (Publicaciones de la Fundación Universitaria Española.; Monografías ; 99). Contents: t. 1. Orientación católica de la enseñanza; Alfonso Sánchez, José Manuel. Correspondencia entre Pla y Deniel, Ruiz-Giménez y Olaechea (1951-1953) : el conflicto polmtico y eclesial ante la reforma de la enseñanza media. Salamanca : Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 2004. (Estudios de la Facultad de CC. de la educación ; 1); Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 81; "Ha muerto el cardenal primado," Ecclesia, July 13, 1968, pp. 16-18; Morán Sánchez-Cabezudo, Benjamín. El cardenal primado de España y el origen del poder. Madrid : Studium, 1963. (Colección Scientia).
Birth. November 25, 1917, Piacenza, Italy.
Education. Alberoni College, Piacenza; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare"; (doctorate in utroque iuris); Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 28, 1940. Pastoral ministry, diocese of Piacenza, 1940-1942. Further studies, Rome, 1942-1946. Pastoral ministry, Rome, 1942-1965. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, June 15, 1949. Joined the Vatican secretariat of State, 1945. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, April 14, 1960. In charge of the mission to Republic of Tunisia for the modus vivendi with Holy See on the legal situation of the church, 1963-1964.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Forontoniana and appointed apostolic delegate to Central Africa (Cameroun, Chad, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, and Centroafrican Republic), April 3, 1965. Consecrated, May 9, 1965, basilica of S. Carlo al Corso, Rome, by Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, secretary of State, assisted by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Tirnovo, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Umberto Malchiodi, archbishop-bishop of Piacenza. Pro-nuncio in Cameroun, October 31, 1966. Pro-nuncio in Gabon, October 31, 1967. Pro-nuncio in Centroafrican Republic, November 4, 1967. Nuncio in Perú, May 21, 1969. Nuncio with special charge to improve relations with Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Bulgaria, August 1, 1973. Chief of the Vatican delegation for permanent working contact with Poland, February 7, 1975. Nuncio in Italy, April 19, 1986. Pro-archivist and pro-librarian of the Holy Roman Church, April 9, 1992 until November 26, 1994.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Maria in Domnica, November 26, 1994. Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church, November 26, 1994 until March 7, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, November 25, 1997. Cardinal protodeacon, February 26, 2002. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, February 24, 2005.
POLETTI, Ugo (1914-1997)
Birth. April 19, 1914, Omegna, diocese of Novara, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Novara, Novara.
Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1938, Novara. Vice-rector of the theological seminary and bursar of the general diocesan seminary of Novara, 1938-1946. Pastoral work in the diocese of Novara, 1946-1951; its pro-vicar general, 1954-1958. Protonotary apostolic, June 16, 1955.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Medeli and appointed auxiliary of Novara, July 12, 1958. Consecrated, September 14, 1958, cathedral of Novara, by Vincenzo Gilla Gremigni, M.S.C., archbishop-bishop of Novara, assisted by Mario Longo Dorni, bishop of Pistoia, and by Francesco Brustia, bishop of Andria. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. President of the Pontifical Mission Aid Societies, 1964-1967. Promoted to the archiepiscopal see of Spoleto, June 26, 1967. Transferred to the titular see of Cittanova and appointed second vice-gerent of Rome, July 3, 1969. Pro-vicar general of Rome and its district, October 13, 1972.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo, March 5, 1973. Vicar general of Rome and its district, March 6, 1973. Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, March 26, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Papal legate to the opening of Holy Door at the patriarchal Lateran basilica, December 24, 1974. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Papal legate to the opening of Holy Door at the patriarchal Lateran basilica, December 24, 1983. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. President of the Episcopal Conference of Italy, 1985-1990. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Resigned the vicariate, January 17, 1991. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, January 17, 1991. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, April 19, 1994.
Death. February 25, 1997, Rome. Buried in the chapel of S. Lucia in the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome.
Birth. March 18, 1933, Salgareda, diocese of Treviso, Italy. Youngest of 11 siblings. He was baptized on March 29, 1933 in the parish church of S. Michele Arcangelo in Salgareda; and received the sacrament of confirmation in the same church on November 17, 1940 from Antonio Mantiero, bishop of Treviso.
Education. Seminary of Treviso, Treviso; Major Seminary of Casale Monferrato, Casale Monferrato; "Accademia Alfonsiana" of the Pontifical Lateran University (licentiate in theology).
Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1957, Casale Monferrato, by Giuseppe Angrisani, bishop of Casale Monferrato. Vice-pastor of Montemagno, 1957-1961. Successively, 1961-1965, prefect of discipline, Seminary of Casale Monferrato and director of the diocesan work for vocations. Pastor of Maria SS. Assunta in Oltreponte di Casale, 1965-1980. Founder of the diocesan center for the pastoral of the family, 1973; coordinator of the Great Urban Mission, 1974, to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the foundation of the diocese of Casale Monferrato. Nominated episcopal delegate for pastoral, 1977.
Episcopate. Elected bishop coadjutor of Fossano, April 3, 1980. Consecrated, May 17, 1980, cathedral of S. Evasio, Casale Monferrato, by Cardinal Anastasio Alberto Ballestrero, O.C.D., archbishop of Turin, assisted by Carlo Cavalla, bishop of Casale Monferrato, and by Giovanni Dadone, archbishop-bishop of Fossano. Succeeded to see of Fossano, October 29, 1980. Transferred to see of Asti, March 16, 1989. Promoted to metropolitan see of Turin, June 18, 1999.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 21, 2001; received red biretta and deaconry of S. Giuseppe in via Trionfale, pro hac vice title, February 21, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.
Bibliography. Aime, Oreste ; Ghiberti, Giuseppe ; Tuninetti, Giuseppe. In sequela Christi : miscellanea in onore del cardinale Severino Poletto arcivescovo di Torino in occasione del suo 70. compleanno. Cantalupa (Torino) : Effatà, 2003.
Link. Photograph and biography, in Italian.
POLICARPO, José da Cruz (1936-
Birth. February 26, 1936, Alvorninha, patriarchate of Lisbon, Portugal. He had four brothers and four sisters.
Education. Seminary of Santarém, Santarém; Seminary of Almada, Almada; Major Seminary "Cristo-Rei", of the Olivais (philosophy and theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (licentiate in dogmatic theology with a thesis on the theology of non-Christian religions); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology; thesis "Sinais dos Tempos").
Priesthood. Ordained, August 15, 1961 Lisbon by Cardinal Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira, patriacrh of Lisbon. Rector of the Seminary of the Olivais, 1970-1997. Faculty member, Faculty of Theology, Catholic University of Portugal, 1970-1986. Director of the Faculty of Theology, Catholic University of Portugal (1974/1980; 1985/1988). Member of the Superior Council of the Catholic University of Portugal.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Caliabria and appointed auxiliary of Lisbon. Consecrated, June 29, 1978, church of Santa Maria de Belém, Lisbon, by Cardinal António Ribeiro, patriarch of Lisbon, assisted by João Alves, bishop of Coimbra, and by Manuel Franco Falcão, tiular bishop of Telepte, coadjutor with succession of the archbishop-bishop of Beja. President of the Organizing Commission of the Regional Center of Porto, Catholic University of Portugal, 1985-1987. Attended VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 - 30, 1987. Rector of the Catholic University of Portugal, 1988-1992 and 1992-1996. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor of Lisbon, with right of succession, March 27, 1997. Succeeded as the 16th patriarch of Lisbon, March 24, 1998. Grand chancellor of the Catholic University of Portugal, March 1998- . President of the Portuguese Episcopal Conference, April 13, 1999. Attended II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 - 23, 1999.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, February 21, 2001; received red biretta and title of S. Antonio in Campo Marzio, February 21, 2001. Attended X Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.
Link. Photograph and biography, in Portuguese.
Birth. June 12, 1910, Villanterio, diocese of Pavia, Italy.
Education. Seminary of Pavia, Pavia; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology, 1934).
Priesthood. Ordained, April 15, 1933, chapel of the Major Roman Seminary, Rome, by Giuseppe Palica, titular archbishop of Filippo, vice-gerent of Rome. Secretary to the bishop of Pavia and faculty member of the Seminary of Pavia, 1935-1947; its rector, 1947-1951.
Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tagaste and appointed auxiliary of Mantua, October 28, 1951. Consecrated, Sunday December 9, 1951, cathedral of Pavia, by Carlo Allorio, bishop of Pavia, assisted by Vittorio De Zanche, bishop of Concordia, and by Giuseppe Piazzi, bishop of Crema. Named coadjutor of Mantua, with right of succession, August 2, 1952. Succeeded to the see of Mantua, September 8, 1954. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Promoted to titular archbishop of Gerpiniana and appointed coadjutor of Bologna, with right of succession, July 16, 1967. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Bologna, February 12, 1968.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the title of S. Luca al Prenestino, April 30, 1969. President of the Italian Episcopal Conference. Attended the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. Papal envoy to the National Eucharistic Congress, Udine, Italy, September 10, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the I Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, February 11, 1983. Apostolic administrator, sede vacante, of Bologna, February 11 to March 18, 1983.
Death. September 24, 1985, Bologna. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Bologna.
Bibliography. Meluzzi, Luciano. I vescovi e gli arcivescovi di Bologna. Bologna : Grafica Emiliana, 1975, (Collana storico-ecclesiastica, 3), pp. 606-617.
POMPEDDA, Mario Francesco (1929-2006)
Birth. April 18, 1929, Ozieri, Sardinia, Italy.
Education. Archiepiscopal Seminary of Sassari, Sassari (ginnasiali studies); Regional Seminary of Cagliari, Cagliari (liceali studies and philosophy); resided at Almo Collegio Capranica, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in theology); Pontifical Biblical Institute (licentiate in sacred scripture); Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (doctorate in utroque iure); "Studium" of the Sacred Roman Rota, Rome (lawyer avvocato Rotale).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1951, Rome; incardinated in the diocese of Rome. Pastoral work for 30 years in the Roman parish of "Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario". Ecclesiastical counselor of the Roman Union of Catholic Jurists. Joined the Tribunal of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1955; defender of the matrimonial bond; prelate auditor 1969-1993; dean, September 11, 1993. President of the Appellate Court of the State of Vatican City, November 1993. Awarded honorary doctorate by the Faculty of Canon Law, Catholic Institute of Paris, October 1995. Ecclesiastical counselor of the International Union of Catholic Jurists. For more than 20 years he was a faculty member of the "Studio Rotale"; also taught at the Faculty of Canon Law, Pontifical Gregorian University, and at the Roman Athenaeum of the "Santa Croce".
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Bisarcio, November 29, 1997. Consecrated, January 6, 1998, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, section of General Affairs, and by Jorge María Mejía, titular archbishop of Apollonia, secretary of the Congregation for Bishops and secretary of the College of Cardinals. Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature and president of the Cassation Court of the State of Vatican City, November 16, 1999. President of the Commission for the Advocates, ad quinquennium, March 7, 2000.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, February 21, 2001; received red biretta and deaconry of Annunciazione della B.V.M. a Via Ardeatina, February 21, 2001. Attended X Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001; president of the Commission for the Controversies. Resigned the prefecture of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, May 27, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. He is credited with drafting Universi Dominic Gregis, the apostolic constitution of Pope John Paul II, dated February 22, 1996, concerning the sede vacante and the conclave. Grand prior of the Sacred Military Order Costantiniana di San Giorgio.
Death. October 18, 2006, in the early morning, of a brain hemorrhage, in the Polyclinic "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, where he had been hospitalized for several days. On Friday October 20, at 5 p.m., in the altar of the Chair of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, took place the exequial liturgy for the late cardinal, presided by the pope. Cardinals Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, and Giovanni Battista Re, prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, were the main concelebrants. The body of the late cardinal was transferred to Ozieri, his native city, and in the evening of Sunday October 22, 2006, the cortege started in the Basilica of S. Antioco di Bisarcio and went to the church of S. Antonio, in the center of the city. Sebastiano Sanguinetti, bishop of Tempio-Ampurias and apostolic administrator of Ozieri, celebrated the exequies. Numerous provincial and local dignitaries attended the ceremony. The mortal remains of the cardinal were buried in the tomb of the cathedral chapter in the cemetery of Ozieri until his definitive tomb in the cathedral is finished.
Birth. April 16, 1858, Spoleto, Italy.
Education. Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 5, 1886, Rome. Pastoral work in the diocese of Rome, 1888-1904. Auditor of the S.C. of the Council, 1891. Official in the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, 1896. Prelate adjunct of the S.C. of the Council, March 16, 1898. Protonotary apostolic, December 18, 1899. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, July 18, 1904. Secretary of the S.C. of the Council, January 31, 1908.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon, November 27, 1911; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria in Domnica, November 30, 1911. Vicar general of Rome and its district, April 7, 1913.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Filippi, May 5, 1913. Consecrated, May 11, 1913, church of S. Vincenzo de' Paoli alla Bocca della Verità, Rome, by Cardinal Antonio Agliardi, bishop of Albano, assisted by Donato Raffaele Sbarretti, titular archbishop of Efeso, assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, and by Americo Bevilacqua, bishop of Alatri. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli, May 25, 1914 (1). Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, October 28, 1914. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Velletri, March 22, 1917. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Papal legate to the Plenary Council of Umbria, Assisi, Italy, June 15, 1923; to the opening and closing of the Holy Door, patriarchal Lateran basilica, December 24, 1924 and December 24, 1925; to the Eucharistic Congress, Chieti, June 15, 1929. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals after July 9, 1930.
Death. May 5, 1931, Rome. Buried, temporarily, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome; transferred to the cathedral of Spoleto, December 18, 1933.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1935. Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1935, p. 63-64; "Nécrologe." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1932. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1932, p. 917; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 11, 22, 23 and 26.
(1) This is according to Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 11; "Nécrologe." Annuaire Pontifical Catholique de 1932, p. 917, says that he opted on May 28, 1914.
POSADAS OCAMPO, Juan Jesús (1926-1993)
Birth. November 10, 1926, Salvatierra, archdiocese of Morelia, México.
Education. Seminary of Morelia, Morelia.
Priesthood. Ordained, September 23, 1950, Morelia. Successively, 1950-1970, in Morelia, pastoral work; faculty member, prefect of studies and vice-rector of its seminary; canon of the cathedral chapter.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Tijuana, March 21, 1970. Consecrated, June 14, 1970, Morelia, by Manuel Martín del Campo y Padilla, archbishop of Morelia, assisted by Alfredo Galindo Mendoza, M.Sp.S., bishop emeritus of Tijuana, and by Román Acevedo Rojas, titular bishop of Tamugadi, auxiliary of Morelia. Transferred to the see of Cuernavaca, December 28, 1982. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Guadalajara, May 15, 1987. First vice-president of the Latin American Episcopal Council, 1991-1993.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest, June 28, 1991; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe e S. Filippo Martire in Via Aurelia, June 28, 1991. Attended the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Special papal envoy to the National Marian Eucharistic Congress, San Salvador, El Salvador, November 26 to 29, 1992.
Death. Assassinated in the airport of Guadalajara, May 24, 1993. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Guadalajara.
Birth. August 30, 1930, Bouzillé, diocese of Angers, France.
Education. Minor Seminary, Beaupréau; University Seminary of Angers, Angers; Ecole des Hautes Études, La Sorbonne University, Paris (doctorates in theology and history).
Priesthood. Ordained, December 18, 1954, Paris, by Stanislas Courbe, titular bishop of Castoria, auxiliary of Paris. Faculty member, Mongazon School. Worked in the French section of the Vatican Secretariat of State, 1959-1972. Chaplain of His Holiness, March 20, 1965. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, November 29, 1971. Rector, Catholic Institute, Paris, 1972-1980. Vice-president, Society of French Ecclesiastical History. Awarded the Cardinal Grente Grand Prize, Academie Française. Knight of the Legion d'honor.
Epis