Birth. September 18, 1895, Akhaltzikhe, Armenian ordinariate of Caucasus, Russia.

Education. Seminary of Tifflis, Tifflis, Georgia, Russia; Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23, 1917, Rome. Pastoral work, Tifflis, 1918-1921. Faculty member and vice-rector of the Pontifical Armenian College, Rome, 1921-1932; faculty member of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome, 1922-1932; rector of the Pontifical Armenian College, Rome, 1932-1937. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, August 5, 1932. Apostolic Visitor to the Patriarchal Institute of Bzommar, Beirut, Lebanon, 1935.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Comana di Armenia, July 11, 1935. Consecrated, July 21, 1935, church of S. Nicola Tolention, Rome, by Serge Der Abrahamian, titular bishop of Cucuso, ordinating prelate for the Armenian rite in Rome, assisted by Bartolomeo Cattaneo, titular archbishop of Palmira, general treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber, and by Pietro Pisani, titular archbishop of Tomi, delegate of the Oriental Church in Rome. Elected patriarch of Cilicia by the Armenian Synod, November 30, 1937; received papal confirmation, December 13, 1937.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Bartolomeo all ' Isola, February 22, 1946. President of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Oriental Canon Law, July 2, 1955. Pro-prefect of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith, June 18, 1958 until July 18, 1960; prefect, July 18, 1960 until October 19, 1970. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Papal legate to the Marian Congress, Saigon, South Vietnam, January 31, 1959. Papal legate to the Patrician Congress, Dublin, Ireland, June 15 to 23, 1961, to commemorate the 1500th Anniversary of the death of St. Patrick, patron saint of Ireland. Resigned patriarchate, August 25, 1962. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965; member of the Board of Presidency, 1963-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Papal legate to the 38th International Eucharistic Congress, Bombay, India, November 11, 1964. Participated in the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Cardinal bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Albano, October 22, 1970.

Death. May 16, 1971, Rome. Buried, Armenian church of S. Nicola da Tolentino, Rome.

Bibliography. Croaty, A. Cardinal Agagianian, papal legate: a profile. Dublin: J. Duffy, 1961.

Link. Armenian Catholic patriarchs.

AGNELO, Geraldo Majella (1933-

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Gregorio Magno alla Magliana Nuova, February 21, 2001. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Elected president of the Episcopal Conference of Brazil for four years, May 5, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Named one of the three presidents of the V General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place in Aparecida, Brazil, from May 13 to 31, 2007.

Link. Photograph and biography, in Portuguese.

AGOSTINI, Carlo (1888-1952)

Birth. April 22, 1888, S. Martino di Lupari, diocese of Treviso, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Treviso, Treviso; Pontifical Roman Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 24, 1910, church S. Dona di Piave, by Andrea Giacinto Longhin, O.F.M.Cap., bishop of Treviso. Further studies, 1910-1913. Faculty member, Seminary of Treviso, 1913-1925; its rector, 1925-1932. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, 1925.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Padua, January 30, 1932. Consecrated, April 10, 1932, Treviso, by Andrea Giacinto Longhin, O.F.M.Cap., bishop of Treviso, assisted by Elia dalla Costa, archbishop of Florence, and by Eugenio Beccegati, bishop of Ceneda. Apostolic administrator of Treviso, March 8 to December 6, 1936. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, March 25, 1942. Promoted to the patriarchate of Venice, February 5, 1949.

Cardinalate. November 29, 1952, announcement made of his creation as cardinal; consistory to take place, January 12, 1953; died before the consistory was held.

Death. December 28, 1952, Venice. Buried, S. Michele cemetery, Venice. Transferred to the crypt of the patriarchal cathedral, Venice, November 1957.

AGRÉ, Bernard (1926-

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Crisostomo a Monte Sacro Alto, February 21, 2001. Attended X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-October 27, 2001; president delegate. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, March 2, 2006. His resignation to the pastoral government of the archdiocese was accepted on May 2, 2006, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law.

AGUIRRE GARCIA, O.F.M., Gregorio María (1835-1913)

Birth. March 12, 1835, Pola de Gordón, diocese of Oviedo, Spain.

Education. Seminary of Leon, Leon. Joined the Order of Friars Minor Discalced (1) of Alcantara, Colegio de Pastrana, May 1856; professed in 1857.

Priesthood. Ordained (no date found). Faculty member and rector of several theological colleges of his order in Spain and Philippines: lector of philosophy, 1860-1863; and theology, 1863-1879; rector of the schools of Consuegra, 1867-1870; Pastrana, 1870-1876; Almagro, 1878; and Puebla de Montalbán, 1881. Perpetual lector in theology and canon law. Honorary definitor of his order. Penitentiary of patriarchal Lateran Basilica, Rome, 1884; never took possession.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Lugo, Spain, March 27, 1885. Consecration, June 21, 1885, church of San Fernando, Piarists Fathers, Madrid, by Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, titular archbishop of Eraclea di Europa, nuncio in Spain, assisted by Benito Sanz y Forés, archbishop of Valladolid, and by Tomás Jenaro de Cámara y Castro, O.S.A., bishop of Salamanca. Senator of the Spanish kingdom, 1893-1895, and 1902 until his death. Promoted to metropolitan see of Burgos, May 21, 1894. Apostolic administrator of Calahorra y La Calzada, December 2, 1899.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 15, 1907; received the red hat and the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, December 19, 1907. Transferred to primatial see of Toledo and patriarchate of West Indies, April 29, 1909. Papal legate to Eucharistic Congress, Madrid, June 5, 1911.

Death. October 10, 1913, Toledo. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Toledo.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 52.

(1) In 1897 it merged into the Order of Friars Minor.

AGUSTONI, Gilberto (1922-

Birth. July 26, 1922, Schaffhausen, diocese of Lugano, Switzerland.

Education. Seminary of Lugano, Lugano; University of Santo Tommaso, Rome; University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (licentiates in theology and law).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 20, 1946, Lugano. Successively, 1946-1950, vice-assessor of the diocesan Catholic Action; pastoral work with students in several Swiss universities; pastoral work with the Catholic Scouts Association. Entered the service of the Holy See, July 1, 1950. Further studies in Rome and office chief and commissary the of S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments for matrimonial causes; consultor of the S.C. for Divine Worship, 1950 - 1970. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, January 6, 1956; November 3, 1958. Prelate of honor of His Holiness, May 23, 1964. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, May 5, 1970.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Caorle and appointed secretary of the Congregation for Clergy, December 18, 1986. Consecrated, January 6, 1987, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Eduardo Martínez Somalo, titular archbishop of Tagora, substitute of the Secertariat of State, and by Josè Tomás Sánchez, archbishop emeritus of Nueva Segovia, secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. In the same ceremony was consecrated Dino Monduzzi, titular bishop of Capri, prefect of the Pontifical Household, another future cardinal. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Pro-prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of Apostolic Signature and pro-president of the Appeal Court of Vatican City, April 2, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 - 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Urbano e Lorenzo a Porta Prima, November 26, 1994. Appointed prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, November 26, 1994. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of third centenary of miraculous image of Blessed Virgin Mary venerated in the cathedral, Gyor, Hungary, March 15-17, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Resigned prefecture, October 5, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, July 26, 2002. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the centennial of the coronation of the image of Mater Dolorosa in the Shrine of Telgte, diocese of Münster, Germany, July 3, 2004. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, February 24, 2005.

ALBAREDA, O.S.B., Joaquín Anselmo María (1892-1966)

Birth. February 16, 1892, Barcelona, Spain. Son of Vicente Albareda and María Ramoneda. His baptismal name was Joaquín.

Education. Joined the Order of St. Benedict at monastery of Montserrat, Montserrat, 1904; professed, November 4, 1908; took name of Anselmo María. Athenaeum of St. Anselm, Rome; Faculty of Paleography and Archives, Fribourg, Germany.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 7, 1915, Montserrat. Member of the community of Montserrat, 1915-1921. Further studies, 1921-1923. Archivist, monastery of Montserrat, 1923-1936. Prefect of the Vatican Library, June 19, 1936. Titular abbot of Santa Maria de Ripoll, May 5,1950; blessed by Cardinal Eugène Tisserant, bishop of Ostia and Porto e Santa Rufina, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Montserrat, August 26, 1951.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of March 19, 1962; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Apollinare, March 22, 1962.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Gissaria, April 5, 1962. Consecrated, April 19, 1962, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo and by Cardinal Benedetto Aloisi Masella. In the same ceremony were consecrated Cardinals Antonio Bacci, Augustin Bea, S.J., Francesco Bracci, Michael Browne, O.P., William Theodore Heard, Alberto di Jorio, André Jullien, P.S.S., Arcadio María Larraona, C.M.F., Francesco Morano, Alfredo Ottaviani and Francesco Roberti. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI.

Death. July 19, 1966, Barcelona. Buried in the Benedictine monastery of Montserrat.

ALFRINK, Bernardus Johannes (1900-1987)

Birth. July 5, 1900, Nijkerk, archdiocese of Utrecht, Holland. Son of Theodorus Alfrink. Baptized by Fr. Johannes Verstege. Received his first communion in 1911.

Education. Seminary of Rijsenburg, Utrecht; Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome; École Biblique, Jerusalem.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 15, 1924, metropolitan cathedral of St. Catharina, Utrecht, by Henricus van de Wetering, archbishop of Utrecht. Further studies, 1924-1930. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Utrecht, 1930-1933. Faculty member, Seminary of Rijsenburg, Utrecht, 1933-1945; faculty member, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 1945-1951.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tiana and appointed coadjutor of Utrecht, May 28, 1951. Consecrated, July 17, 1951, metropolitan cathedral of St. Catharina, Utrecht, by Paolo Giobbe, titular archbishop of Tolemaide di Tebaide, nuncio-internuncio in Holland, assisted by Willem Lemmens, bishop of Roermond, and Jan Smit, titular bishop of Paralo. Apostolic administrator of Utrecht, September 8, 1955. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Utrecht, October 31, 1955. Military vicar of Holland, April 16, 1957.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 28, 1960; received the red hat and the title of S. Gioacchino, March 31, 1960. Attended II Vatican Council, 1962-1965; member of its Board of Presidency, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. President of the Episcopal Conference of Holland. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967; the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, December 6, 1975. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 8, 1979. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, July 5, 1980. Attended the II Plenary Meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals, November 23 to 26, 1982, Vatican City. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; special guest.

Death. December 16, 1987, Nijmegen, Holland. Buried in St. Barbara cemetery, in the court of St. Catharina metropolitan cathedral, Utrecht. His predecessor, Cardinal Jan de Jong; and his successor, Cardinal Johannes Willebrands, are also buried there.

Bibliography. Schaik, Ton H. M. van. Alfrink: een biografie. Amsterdam : Anthos, 1997.

ALMARAZ Y SANTOS, Enrique (1847-1922)

Birth. September 22, 1847, La Vellés, diocese of Salamanca, Spain. Received the sacrament of confirmation, July 13, 1856.

Education. Central Seminary of Salamanca, Salamanca (doctorate in theology, 1876).

Priesthood. Ordained, (no date found), Salamanca. Pastoral work in diocese of Salamanca. Faculty member of the Seminary of Salamanca; canon schoolmaster at cathedral of Salamanca, 1874; secretary of the cathedral chapter. Privy chamberlain. Preacher of the Royal Chamber, Madrid. Archpriest of the cathedral chapter of Madrid. Secretary to bishop of Madrid-Alcalá. Faculty member of Seminary of Madrid. Vicar capitular of Madrid, April 1886 (1). Dean of cathedral chapter of Madrid, 1891.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Palencia, January 18, 1893. Consecrated, April 16, 1893, cathedral of San Isidro, Madrid, by Ciriaco María Sancha Hervás, archbishop of Valencia, assisted by José María Cos y Macho, archbishop-bishop of Madrid, and by Jaime Cardona y Tur, titular bishop of Sion, pro-military vicar general. Senator of the Spanish kingdom from the archdiocese of Burgos, 1899-1902. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Seville, April 18, 1907. Senator of the Spanish kingdom, November 1907 until his death.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 27, 1911; received the red hat and the title of S. Pietro in Montorio, December 2, 1912. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Transferred to the primatial see of Toledo, December 16, 1920.

Death. January 22, 1922, Madrid. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Toledo.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 58.

(1) Narciso Martínez Izquierdo , first bishop of Madrid-Alcalá, was assassinated in his cathedral on April 19, 1886, by a deranged priest.

ALOISI MASELLA, Benedetto (1879-1970)

Birth. June 29, 1879, Pontecorvo, Italy. Nephew of Cardinal Gaetano Aloisi Masella (1887).

Education. Seminary of Ferentino, Ferentino; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare"; Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 1, 1902, Rome. Secretary to his uncle Cardinal Gaetano Aloisi Masella. Staff member, Secretariat of State, 1906-1908. Secretary of the nunciature in Portugal, 1908-1910; chargé d'affaires of the nunciature in Portugal, 1910-1919. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, December 25, 1914. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, September 29, 1917. Nuncio in Chile, November 20, 1919.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cesarean di Mauritania, December 15, 1919. Consecrated, December 21, 1919, chapel of the Pontifical Collegio Pio Latino Americano, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, secretary of State, assisted by Sebastião Leite de Vasconcellos, titular archbishop of Damiata, and by Antonio Maria Iannotta, bishop of Sora, Aquino e Pontecorvo. Papal legate to the Coronation of Our Lady of Monte Carmelo, Santiago, Chile, November 29, 1926. Named nuncio in Brazil, April 26, 1927.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Vallicella, February 22, 1946. Papal legate to the Coronation of Our Lady of Fatima, Portugal, April 28, 1946. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, June 21, 1948. Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, October 27, 1954. Prefect of the S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments, October 27, 1954. Papal legate to the 36th International Eucharistic Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 21, 1955. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, October 9, 1958. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Cardinal bishop of title (1) of suburbicarian see of Palestrina, November 17, 1966. Participated in the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Resigned prefecture, January 11, 1968, and became prefect emeritus. Participated in the Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969.

Death. September 30, 1970, Rome. Buried, cathedral, Pontecorvo.

(1) The motu proprio Suburbicariis sedibus, issued by Pope John XXIII on April 11, 1962, established that the cardinal bishops would have no ordinary jurisdiction over their suburbicarian sees. These dioceses were to be ruled by bishops with complete and independent ordinary power; cardinal bishops would only retain the title of the see. The disposition applied only to the cardinal bishops appointed after its promulgation. The others, Cardinals Aloisi Masella, Eugène Tisserant and Giuseppe Pizzardo, retained the denomination of bishops of their sees. On November 17, 1966, they were listed as bishops of the title of their suburbicarian sees in Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 1967.

ÁLVAREZ MARTINEZ, Francisco (1925-

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria "Regina Pacis" a Monte Verde, February 21, 2001. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, October 24, 2002. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, July 14, 2005.

Link. Archbishops of Toledo, in Spanish.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 138.

AMBROZIC, Aloysius Matthew (1930-

Birth. January 27, 1930, Gabrje, archdiocese of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. Second of the seven children of Aloysius Ambrozic and Helen Pecar. His family escaped to Austria in May 1945 and lived in refugee camps of Vetrnj, Peggez and Spittal an der Drau. Migrated to Canada in September 1948.

Education.. Initial studies in Dobrova; Lyceum of Ljubljana (calssics); finished his secondary education in Austria; St. Augustine Seminary, Scarborough, Toronto, 1948-1955; Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome (licentiate in theology, 1958); Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome (licentiate in Sacred Scriptures, 1960); University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (doctorate in theology, 1970).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 4, 1955, Toronto, by Cardinal James Charles McGuigan, archbishop of Toronto. Parish ministry, parish of St. Teresa's, Port Colborne, 1955-1956. Professor of Latin at the Seminary of Toronto, 1956-1957. Further studies in Rome, 1958-1960. Professor of Sacred Scriotures, St. Augustine Seminary, Toronto, 1960-1967; and 1970-1976; prefect of studies, 1971-1976. Further studies in Germany, 1967-1970. From 1970 to 1976, professor of New Testament exegesis, School of Theology of Toronto; dean of studies, St. Augustine Seminary, Toronto, 1971-1976; and pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Toronto. From 1971-1975 he was a member of the Archdiocesan Senate of Priests.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Valabria and appointed auxiliary of Toronto, March 26, 1976. Consecrated, May 27, 1976, Toronto, by Philip Francis Pocock, archbishop of Toronto, assisted by Francis Valentine Allen, titular bishop of Avensa, auxiliary of Toronto, and by Francis Paul McHugh, S.F.M., titular bishop of Legis di Volumnio, prelate emeritus of Itacoatiara. Promoted to archbishop coadjutor with right of succession of Toronto, May 22, 1986. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Toronto, March 17, 1990. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, February 21, 1998. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, December 16, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. His resignation to the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Toronto, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law, was accepted by the pope on December 16, 2006.

Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2002. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 285-286.

Link. Photograph, arms and biography, in English.

AMETTE, Léon-Adolphe (1850-1920)

Birth. September 6, 1850, Douville, diocese of Evreux, France.

Education. Minor Seminary of Evreux, Evreux, 1861; Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, 1867.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 20, 1873, Paris. Pastoral work in the diocese of Evreux and secretary to its bishop 1873-1889; titular canon, 1884; vicar general, 1889-1898; vicar capitular, 1890.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bayeux, November 28, 1898. Consecrated, January 25, 1899, cathedral of Evreux, by Cardinal Guillaume Marie Romain Sourrieu, archbishop of Rouen, assisted by François Sueur, archbishop of Avignon, and by Philippe Meunier, bishop of Evreux. Promoted to titular archbishop of Side and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Paris, February 21, 1906. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Paris, January 28, 1908.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 27, 1911; received the red hat and the title of S. Sabina, November 30, 1911. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV.

Death. August 29, 1920, Antony, near Paris. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Paris.

Bibliography. Cordonnier, Charles. Le Cardinal Amette, archevêque de Paris. 2 vols. Paris: Les Editions du Mortainais, 1949.

Link. His episcopal lineage, in English; and his photograph with the Comité de Secours aux Églises Dévastées.

AMIGO VALLEJO, O.F.M., Carlos (1934-

Birth. August 23, 1934, Medina de Rioseco, archdiocese of Valladolid, Spain.

Education. Medical Faculty of Valladolid, Valladolid (medicine); soon after, left and joined Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans). Studied philosophy in Rome; Central University of Madrid, Madrid (psychology). Received the diaconate from Cardinal Fernando Quiroga Palacios, archbishop of Santiago de Compostela.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 17, 1960, Rome, by Miguel Nóvoa Fuente, titular bishop of Chitri, auxiliary of Santiago de Compostela. Further studies, Rome. In Madrid, pastoral work; further studies; professor of philosophy of science and anthropology in different educational centers. Provincial of the Franciscan province of Santiago, 1970.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Tanger, Morocco, December 17, 1973. Consecrated, April 28, 1974, church of San Francisco el Grande, Madrid, by Cardinal Marcelo González Martín, archbishop of Toledo, assisted by Félix Romero Menjíbar, archbishop of Valladolid, and by Francisco Aldegunde Dorrego, O.F.M., former archbishop of Tanger. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. In several occasions acted as mediator to solve conflicts between the countries of Magreb (Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Tunisia) and Spain. Transferred to metropolitan see of Seville, May 22, 1982; received the pallium from Antonio Innocenti, titular archbishop of Eclano, nuncio in Spain, on June 29, 1982 during the installation mass at the metropolitan cathedral of Sevilla. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; by papal appointment. President of the Episcopal Commission for the V Centennial of the Evangelization of America. Attended the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992, as an invited guest. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Member of the Academies of Buenas Letras, Medicina and Bellas Artes of Seville. Decorated with the Orden al Mérito de los Padres de la Patria Dominicana, the highest decoration granted by the Dominican Republic, February 1995. Granted a doctorate honoris causa by the Technological University of Cibao, Dominican Republic, February 1995. Granted the silver medal of the Republic of Panamá, September 2000.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria in Montserrato degli Spagnoli, October 21, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 139.

Link. Photograph and biography, in Spanish.

ANDRIEU, Paulin-Pierre (1849-1935)

Birth. December 7, 1849, Seysses, archdiocese of Toulouse, France.Received the sacrament of confirmation, 1861.

Education. Seminary of Toulouse, Toulouse.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 30, 1874, Toulouse. Pastoral work, Toulouse, 1874-1875. In the archdiocese of Toulouse, secretary to the archbishop, 1875-1880; honorary canon of its cathedral chapter, 1876; its vicar general, 1880-1901.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Marseilles, April 18, 1901. Consecrated, July 25, 1901, cathedral of Toulouse, by Jean-Augustine Germain, archbishop of Toulouse, assisted by Victor Delannoy, bishop of Aire, and by François Jauffret, bishop of Bayonne.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 16, 1907; received the red hat and the title of S. Onofrio, December 19, 1907. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Bordeaux, January 2, 1909. Fought Modernism and in 1910, condemned the "Sillon". Participated in the conclaves of 1914 and 1922. Issued the first public condemnation of the French hierarchy against L'Action Française, in 1926.

Death. February 15, 1935, Bordeaux. Buried in the crypt of the chapel of the Sacred Heart in the metropolitan cathedral of Bordeaux.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 167-168.

ANGELINI, Fiorenzo (1916-

Birth. August 1, 1916, Rome, Italy.

Education. Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome; Pontifical Theological Faculty Marianum, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, February 3, 1940. Pastoral work, diocese of Rome, 1940-1956. National Ecclesiastical Assistant of the Men's Catholic Action, 1945-1959. Master of Pontifical Ceremonies, 1947-1954. Commendatario of S. Spirito in Sassia., delegate of the cardinal vicar of Rome for hospitals. Ecclesiastical assistant of the Union of Men of the Catholic Action.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Messene and appointed Commendatory of Santo Spirito, June 27, 1956. Consecrated, July 29, 1956, church of S. Ignazio, Rome, by Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, bishop of Albano, secretary of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, prefect of the S.C. of Seminaries and Universities, assisted by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome, and by Mario Ismaele Castellano, bishop of Volterra, assistant general of the Italian Catholic Action. Founder and National Ecclesiastical Assistant of the Association of Italian Catholic Physicians, 1959. Attended II Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Delegate for hospitals for the cardinal vicar of Rome, 1967-1985. Auxiliary bishop of Rome, January 6, 1977 to February 16, 1985. Promoted to archbishop and appointed pro-president of the Pontifical Commission for the Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers, February 16, 1985. Attended VII Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1-30, 1987. President of commission, March 1, 1989. Attended VIII Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30-October 28, 1990.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 28, 1991; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Spirito in Sassia, June 28, 1991. Attended Special Assembly of World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28-December 14, 1991; Special Assembly of World Synod of Bishops for Africa, April 10-May 8, 1994; IX Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2-29, 1994. Special papal envoy to opening of celebrations of 5th centennial of Saint John of God's birth, Montemor-o-Nuovo, Portugal, March 8, 1995. Special papal envoy to IV World Day of the Sick, shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe, México, México, February 11, 1996. Lost right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, August 1, 1996. Resigned presidency, October 31, 1996. Special papal envoy to 5th World Day of the Sick, shrine of Our Lady of Fátima, Portugal, February 11, 1997; to VII World Day of the Sick, February 11, 1999, Harissa, Lebanon. Opted for order of priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, February 26, 2002.

ANTONELLI, Ennio (1936-

Birth. November 18, 1936, Todi, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Todi, Todi; Pontifical Regional Seminary of Assisi, Assisi; Pontifical Roman Major Seminary, Rome; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (licentiate in theology); State University of Perugia, Perugia (doctorate in letters and philosophy).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 2, 1960, cathedral of S. Maria Assunta, Todi, by Ilario Alcini, titular archbishop of Nicea, visitor of the Italian seminaries; incardinated in the diocese of Todi. Professor, vice-rector and rector of the Seminary of Perugia. Professor of theology in the Regional Seminary of Assisi; professor of art history in the Superior Institutes of Assisi and Deruta; ecclesiastical assistant of the Catholic "Laureati" and pastor.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Gubbio, May 25, 1982. Consecrated, August 29, 1982, cathedral of the Assumption, Todi, by Decio Lucio Grandoni, bishop of Orvieto and of Todi, assisted by Santo Bartolomeo Quadri, bishop of Terni e Narni, and by Antonio Fustella, bishop of Saluzzo. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Perugia-Città della Pieve, October 6, 1988. Secretary general of the Italian Episcopal Conference, May 25, 1995. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, May 26, 1995. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Florence, March 21, 2001.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the title of S. Andrea delle Fratte October 21, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI.

Link. Photograph and biographical data, in Italian.

ANTONELLI, O.F.M., Ferdinando Giuseppe (1896-1993)

Birth. July 14, 1896, Subbiano, diocese of Arezzo, Italy.

Education. Joined the Order of Friars Minor, Florence, 1909; professed, April 7, 1914. Military service during W.W. I. Pontifical Antonianum Athenaeum, Rome; Pontifical Institute of Christian Archeology, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 25, 1922, Rome. Further studies, 1922-1928. Faculty member of the Pontifical Antonianum Athenaeum, Rome, 1928-1965; rector magnifico, 1937-1943, and 1953-1959. General definitor of his order, 1939-1945. Attended the II Vatican Council, 1962-1965, as expert. Secretary of the S.C. of Rites, January 26, 1965.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Idicra, February 19, 1966. Consecrated, March 19, 1966, patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, by Pope Paul VI, assisted by Francesco Carpino, titular archbishop Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals, and by Ettore Cunial, titular archbishop of Soteropoli, vice-gerent of Rome. In the same ceremony was consecrated Giuseppe Violardo, titular archbishop of Satafi, secretary of the S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments, future cardinal. Named secretary of the S.C. for the Causes of the Saints, May 7, 1969.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Sebastiano al Palatino, March 5, 1973. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, July 14, 1976. Attended the I Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, February 2, 1983.

Death. July 12, 1993, Rome. Buried in La Pietà chapel, Franciscan shrine of La Verna.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 310; Giampietro, Nicola. Il cardinale Giuseppe Ferdinando Antonelli e gli sviluppi della riforma liturgica dal 1948 al 1970. Romae : [s.n.], 1996. (Thesis ad lauream ; n. 229; Variation: Thesis ad lauream (Pontificio Ateneo S. Anselmo) ; n. 229).

ANTONETTI, Lorenzo (1922-

Birth. July 31, 1922, Romagnano Sesia, diocese of Novara, Italy. Son of Leopoldo Antonetti and Maddalena Tinelli.

Education. Seminary of Novara, Novara; Almo Collegio Capranica, Rome; Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, Rome (doctorate in theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in canon law). Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 26, 1945, Novara, by Leone Giacomo Ossola, O.F.M.Cap., bishop of Novara. Pastoral work in diocese of Novara, 1946. Further studies, Rome, 1947-1951. Joined the Vatican Secretariat of State, 1951. Attaché and later secretary in nunciature in Lebanon, 1952-1955. Privy chamberlain supernumerary, July 28, 1952. Secretary in nunciature in Venezuela, 1956-1959. Worked in section of of Extraordinary Affairs, Secretariat of State, 1959-1963. Counselor in nunciature in France, 1963-67. Domestic Prelate, August 18, 1964. Counselor in apostolic delegation in the United States, 1968.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Roselle, February 23, 1968. Named nuncio in Honduras and Nicaragua, February 24, 1968. Consecrated, May 12, 1968, Romagnano Sesia, by Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, secretary of State, assisted by Placido Maria Cambiagli, bishop of Novara, and by Edoardo Piana Agostinetti, titular Eurea di Fenicia, auxiliary of Novara. Pro-nuncio in Zaïre, June 29, 1973. Secretary of Administration of Patrimony of Holy See, June 15, 1977. Nuncio in France, September 23, 1988. Pro-president of Administration of Patrimony of Apostolic See, June 24, 1995. Attended Special Assembly for America of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16-December 12, 1997.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Agnese in Agone, February 21, 1998. President, February 23, 1998. Special papal envoy to closing celebrations of 9th centennial of the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Cîteaux, France, October 17, 1998. Resigned presidency, November 5, 1998. Pontifical delegate for patriarchal basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, November 5, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, July 31, 2002. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, March 1, 2008.

Bibliography. Code, Bernard. American Bishops 1964-1970. St. Louis : Wexford Press, 1970, p. 21.

Link. Photographs and biography, in Italian.

ANTONIUTTI, Ildebrando (1898-1974)

Birth. August 3, 1898, Nimis, archdiocese of Udine, Italy. Sixth of the seven children of Giuseppe Antoniutti and Anna Comelli.

Education.. Initial studies in Nimis; Seminary of Cividale, Friuli (classics); Seminary of Udine, Udine (theology); Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (theology); Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (doctorates in philosophy, theology and canon law, July 1920).

Early life. During the years 1915 to 1918 of the First World War, he accompanied the archbishop in his frequent visits to military hospitals and to parishes in the occupied zones. In 1917, the day after the Battle of Caporeto, he followed the archbishop in the vicissitudes caused by the advance of the Austro-Hungarian troops. At the beginning of November 1917, he went to Rome and continued his theological studies while in his free time assisting the seminarians from Friuli who had escaped the war.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 5, 1920, Udine, by Antonio Anastasio Rossi, archbishop of Udine. Celebrated his first mass on December 8, 1920 in the altar of the Madonna Cstantinopolotana in the basilica of S. Giustina, Padua. Faculty member, Seminary of Udine, 1921-1927. Secretary to the archbishop of Udine, 1921-1927. Entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See and was named secretary of the apostolic delegation in China, 1927-1930; auditor, 1930-1933; chargé d'affaires ad interim, 1933-1934. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, September 24, 1931. Auditor of the nunciature in Portugal, 1934-1936.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Sinnada di Frigia, and appointed Apostolic delegate to Albania, May 19, 1936. Consecrated, June 29, 1936, chapel of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Fumasoni Biondi, prefect of S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith, assisted by Antonio Anastasio Rossi, titular Latin patriarch of Constantinople, prelate nullius of Pompei, and by Celso Costantini, titular archbishop of Teodosiopoli di Arcadia, secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide. He remained in the post until August 1936. Named special papal envoy to Spain during Civil War on July 25, 1937 for the exchange of prisoners and to give assistance to the priests who had escaped from the Communist controlled zones. On September 21, 1937, he was named chargé d'affaires before the Nationalist Government, presenting his credentials to General Francisco Franco on October 7, 1937 in Burgos. Named apostolic delegate in Canada and Newfoundland, July 14, 1938. Nuncio in Spain, October 21, 1953.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 19, 1962; received the red hat and the title of S. Sebastiano alle Catecombe, May 24, 1962. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Prefect of the S.C. for Religious, July 26, 1963. Papal legate to the 4th Centennial Celebration of the Evangelization of the Philippines, Cebú, February 25, 1965. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, September 29 to October 29, 1967, Vatican City; the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, October 11 to 28, 1969, Vatican City; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, September 30 to November 6, 1971, Vatican City. Resigned the prefecture, September 13, 1973. Cardinal bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Velletri, September 13, 1973. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, from ? until his death. He left Rome on August 1, 1974, to go to Nimis, his native city, for a period of rest; after a stop in Florence, his car took the highway del Sole; on the bypass of Bologna, his car collided with a heavy vehicle; in the accident, the cardinal died almost instantly.

Death. August 1, 1974, in a car accident near Bologna. On August 3, 1974, the body was transferred to Nimis, where the funeral, presided by Cardinal Ermenegildo Florit, archbishop of Florence, was concelebrated by Cardinal Albino Luciani, patriarch of Venice, and nine bishops; numerous priests and a multitude of faithful from Nimis participated. Buried in the parish church of Nimis; the stone over his sepulchre has his coat of arms and the inscription: Ildebrandus Antoniutti - S.R.E. Cardinalis - 1898-1974.

Bibliography. Antoniutti, Ildebrando. Memorie autobiografiche. Udine : Arti grafiche friulane, 1975; "Il Cardinale Ildebrando Antoniutti". L'Osservatore Romano [electronic resource]. Città del Vaticano : L'Osservatore Romano, CII, n. 65 (March 20-21, 1962), p. 5; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latine et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2002. Ottawa : Wilson & Lafleur, 2002. (Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), pp. 262-264.

APONTE MARTÍNEZ, Luis (1922-

Birth. August 4, 1922, Lajas, diocese of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Son of Santiago Evangelista Aponte and Rosa María Martínez.

Education. St. John's Seminary, Brighton, Massachusetts; University of Boston, Boston.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 10, 1950, San Germán, Puerto Rico, by James Edward McManus, C.Ss.R., bishop of Ponce. From 1950-1960, pastoral work in the diocese of Ponce; diocesan secretary and vice-chancellor; and chaplain to the National Guard.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Lares and appointed auxiliary of Ponce, July 23, 1960. Consecrated, October 12, 1960, Ponce, by Cardinal Francis Spellman, archbishop of New York, assisted by James Peter Davis, archbishop of San Juan, and by Edward John Harper, C.Ss.R., titular bishop of Eraclea, prelate nullius of the Virgin Islands. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Named coadjutor of Ponce, with right of succession, April 16, 1963. Succeeded to the see of Ponce, November 18, 1963. Promoted to the metropolitan see of San Juan, November 4, 1964. President of the Episcopal Conference of Puerto Rico. Participated in the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria della Provvidenza a Monteverde, March 5, 1973. Participated in the conclave of August 25 - 26, 1978. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; I Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Attended the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, March 26, 1999; apostolic administrator sede vacante, March 26 to May 8, 1999. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, August 4, 2002. He is the first cardinal from Puerto Rico.

Bibliography. Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, p. 438.

ARAMBURU, Juan Carlos (1912-2004)

Birth. February 11, 1912, Reducción, diocese of Río Cuarto, Argentina. Spent his infancy in Reducción, Spain and Buenos Aires.

Education. Colegio De La Salle, Buenos Aires; Seminary of Córdoba, Córdoba (1923); Collegio Pio Latino Americano, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome ( doctorates in philosophy and canon law).

Priesthood. Ordained, October 28, 1934, Collegio Pio Latino Americano, Rome. Successively, 1934-1946, pastoral work in the diocese of Río Cuarto; vicar cooperator of Villa del Rosario parish, province of Córdoba; professor of canon law and vice-rector of Nuestra Señora de Loreto Seminary, Córdoba; faculty member of National University of Córdoba.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Platea and appointed auxiliary of Tucumán, October 7, 1946. Consecrated, December 15, 1946, at the cathedral of Córdoba, by Fermín Lafitte, archbishop of Córdoba, assisted by Leopoldo Buteler, obispo de Río Cuarto, and Ramón José Castellano, titular bishop of Flaviade, auxiliary of Córdoba. Named bishop of Tucumán, August 28, 1953. Promoted to archbishop when Tucumán was elevated to metropolitan see, March 13, 1957. Attended II Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Transferred to titular see of Torri di Bizancena and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Buenos Aires, June 14, 1967. Attended the II General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council, August 24 to September 6, 1968, Medellín, Colombia; the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Succeeded to the primatial see of Buenos Aires, April 22, 1975. Ordinary for the faithful of Oriental rite in Argentina who did not have an ordinary of their own rite.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 24, 1976; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini, May 24, 1976. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; the I Plenary Meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals, November 5 to 9, 1979, Vatican City. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, May 31, 1981. President of the Episcopal Conference of Argentina, 1982-1985. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, July 10, 1990. Special papal envoy to the centennial celebration of the coronation of the image of Our Lady of del Valle, Catamarca, Argentina, April 12, 1991. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, February 11, 1992. Attended the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992.

Death. November 18, 2004, Buenos Aires. Buried in the chapel of San Juan Bautista of the metropolitan cathedral of Buenos Aires, contiguous to the chapel where his successor, Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, is buried.

Link. Photograph and biography, in Spanish.

ARAÚJO, Serafim Fernandes de (1924-

Birth. August 13, 1924, Minas Novas, diocese of Araçuaí, Brazil.

Education. Seminary of Diamantina, Diamantina (licentiate in philosophy); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in theology and canon law).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 12, 1949, Rome, by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome. Further studies, Rome, 1949-1951. Pastoral ministry in Gouveia, 1951-1957; in Curvelo, 1957-1959. Concurrently, 1951-1959, chaplain of the Third Battalion of Police, Diamantina; 1956-1959, faculty member, Provincial Seminary of Diamantina; archdiocesan director of catechesis; faculty member, Teacher's School of Diamantina and several schools in Gouveia.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Verinopoli and appointed auxiliary of Belo Horizonte, January 19, 1959. Consecrated, May 7, 1959, Diamantina, by José Newton de Almeida Baptista, archbishop of Diamantina, assisted by João Resende Costa, S.D.B., titular archbishop of Martirano, coadjutor of Belo Horizonte, and by José Maria Pires, bishop of Araçuaí. Rector of the Catholic University of Mina Gerais, 1960-1981. Participated in the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM), January 27 to February 13, 1979, Puebla, México. Promoted to coadjutor archbishop with right succession of Belo Horizonte, November 22, 1982. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Belo Horizonte, February 5, 1986. Attended the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992; one of its three presidents. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the title of S. Luigi Maria Grignion de Montfort, February 21, 1998. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese upon having reached the age limit, January 28, 2004. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, August 13, 2004.

Link. Photograph and biography, in Portuguese.

ARCE Y OCHOTORENA, Manuel (1879-1948)

Birth. August 18, 1879, Ororbis, diocese of Pamplona, Spain.

Education. Conciliar Seminary of Pamplona; Pontifical Seminary of Zaragoza; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 17, 1904, Rome. Faculty member of the Conciliar Seminary of Pamplona; doctoral canon of Pamplona; vicar capitular; vicar general. Apostolic protonotary, December 3, 1926.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Zamora, Spain, February 5, 1929. Consecrated, June 16, 1929, cathedral of Pamplona, by Federico Tedeschini, titular archbishop of Lepanto, nuncio in Spain, assisted by Tomás Muniz Pablos, bishop of Pamplona, and by Mateo Múgica y Urrestarazu, bishop of Vitoria. Transferred to the see of Oviedo, January 22, 1938. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Tarragona, March 29, 1944.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio e Protasio, February 22, 1946. Papal legate to the celebrations of Our Lady of Montserrat, Montserrat, April 12, 1947.

Death. September 16, 1948, Tarragona. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Tarragona.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 91.

ARINZE, Francis (1932-

Birth. November 1, 1932, Eziowelle, archdiocese of Onitsha, Nigeria. Third of the seven children of Bernadette and Joseph Arinze. He was born to the Igbo faith and converted to Catholicism at age nine. He was baptized on November 1, 1941 by Fr. Cyprian Michael Tansi, future blessed. He also made his first confession and received his first communion from Fr. Tansi. He speaks English, Italian and Spanish.

Education. Primary school at St. Anthony's, Dunukofia, until 1946; Junior Seminary of Nnewi, Nnewi (1947-1953); Brigard Memorial Seminary, Enugu 1953-1956 (philosophy); Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide", Rome, 1955-1960 (bachelor's in theology 1957; master's degree, 1959; doctorate, summa cum laude (1), 1960); University of London, London, England.

Priesthood. Ordained, November 23, 1958, chapel of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide", Rome, by Cardinal Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian, pro-prefect of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith. Further studies, 1958-1961, Rome. Successively, 1961-1963, faculty member, Seminary of Enugu; regional secretary of Catholic education in Western Nigeria. Further studies, 1963-1964, London.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Fissiana and appointed coadjutor of Onitsha, July 6, 1965. Consecrated, August 29, 1965, by Charles Heerey, archbishop of Onitsha, assisted by John Kwao Amuzu Aggey, archbishop of Lagos, and by Dominic Ekandem, bishop of Ikot Ekpene. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Onitsha, Nigeria, June 26, 1967. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1967; the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. President of the Episcopal Conference of Nigeria, 1979-1984. Attended the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Elected vice-president for Africa of the United Biblical Societies, 1982. Pro-president of the Secretariat for Non-Christians, April 8, 1984. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, March 9, 1985.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Giovanni della Pigna, May 25, 1985. President of the Secretariat for Non-Christians, May 27, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Special papal envoy to the celebration of 1st centennial of the introduction of Catholicism in Kenya, August 8 to 12, 1991, Nairobi. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991. Special papal envoy to the National Eucharistic Congress, Owerri, Nigeria, December 4 to 6, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Africa, April 10 to May 8, 1994; president delegate; member of the Council of the General Secretariat of the Special Assembly for Africa. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the visit of Pope John Paul II, Rabat, Morocco, October 20 to 22, 1995. Opted for the order of priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, January 29, 1996. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the centennial of the Catholic Church in Malawi that took place in Lilongwe on July 28, 2001. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, October 1, 2002; ceased as president of the Pontifical Council for Inter-religious Dialog on that same day. Special papal envoy to the Third National Eucharistic Congress, Ibadan, Nigeria, November 15-17, 2002. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, April 21, 2005. Promoted to the order of cardinal bishops and assigned the suburbicarian see of Velletri-Segni, April 25, 2005. President-delegate of the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Special papal envoy to the First National Eucharistic Congress of Chad, in Moundou on January 4 to 8, 2006.

Bibliography. Arinze, Francis A. ; O'Connell, Gerard. God's invisible hand. The life & work of Cardinal Arinze. Interviewed by Gerard O'Connell. Nairobi, Kenya : Paulines Publications, 2003; Miranda, Salvador. "Arinze, Francis A." New Catholic encyclopedia : jubilee volume, the Wojtyla years. Detroit : Gale Group in association with the Catholic University of America, 2001, pp. 251-252.

(1) The first part of his doctoral thesis, "Igbo Sacrifice as an introduction to the Catechesis of Holy Mass", was later to become a reference work for many scholars after it was published by the Ibadan University Press under the title "Sacrifice in Igbo Religion" in 1970.

ARNS, O.F.M., Paulo Evaristo (1921-

Birth. September 14, 1921, Forquilhinha, diocese of Tubarão, Brazil. Fifth of the 13 children of Gabriel Arns and Helena Steiner. His brothers and sisters were João Crisóstomo (priest), Osvaldo, Maria Gabriela (nun), Otília, Maria Helena (nun), Hilda (nun), Felippe, Max, Ida, Bertoldo, Zilda and Zélia.

Education. Joined the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans); took the name Evaristo; professed, December 10, 1943. Franciscan houses of studies, Brazil; Faculty of Philosophy, Curitiba, 1941-1943; Franciscan Theological Institute, Petrópolis, 1944-1947; training periods; three in Germany, two in England, one in Holland, Belgium, United States of America and Canada, 1948-1950; University of La Sorbonne, Paris (licentiate in letters: Brazilian, Latin, Greek and Ancient History studies, 1950; doctorate in letters, très honorable", May 3, 1952; Thesis: "La technique du livre d' après Saint Jérome; secondary thesis: "Les Confessions de Saint Augustin dans l'oeuvre de Saint Bonaventure e Thesaurus linguæ latinæ"; Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique, 1950-1952; Institut des Hautes Etudes, Paris, 1950-1952 (ancient literature); Received the diaconate on November 29, 1944.

Priesthood. Ordained, November 30, 1945, Petrópolis, by José Pereira Alves, bishop of Niterói. Substitut professor, Ginásio de Rio Negro, 1946. Further studies, 1947-1953. Professor of French and classic letters, Seminary "Santo Antonio", Agudos, 1953-1955. Founder of the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Bauru, 1954. Professor of French language and literaturede, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Bauru, 1954-1955. Professor and counselor of "Campanha de Aperfeiçoamento do Ensino Secundário" of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Juiz de Fora and Curitiba, 1955-1957. Professor of Christian literature and history of the ancient church, Theological Institute of Petrópolis, 1956. Master of clerics and prefect of studies of his order, Petrópolis, 1956-1966. Professor of general didactics, Faculty of Philosophy of Petrópolis, 1958. Chaplain of the community "São José Operário", Itamarati, Petrópolis, 1956-1966. Jousnalist (non-professional): registered in the 14th Reginal Delegation of Labor, Petrópolis, 1961-1966; and in São Paulo, 1966 to May 1976. Journalist "militante": Associação Brasileira de Imprensa, named May 5, 1976 and invested on May 30, 1976, São Paulo. Member of the International Comission for the Reform of the Constitutions of the Friars Minor, Rome, 1966. Elected vice-provincial of the Province "Imaculada Conceição" of the Firars Minor, January 12, 1961-1966. Director of the monthly review for religious Sponsa Christi, and of the Franciscan publication center Vozes, Petrópolis.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Respetta and appointed auxiliary of São Paulo, Brazil, May 2, 1966. Consecrated, July 3, 1966, Sacred Heart church, Forquilhinha, by Cardinal Agnelo Rossi, archbishop of São Paulo, assisted by Anselmo Pietrulla, bishop of Tubarão, and by Honorato Piazera, titular bishop of Castello Jabar. Episcopal vicar of the North Region of the archdiocese of São Paulo, July 2, 1966 to October 22, 1970. Promoted to the metropolitan see of São Paulo, October 22, 1970. Grand chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, November 1, 1970. Grand chancellor of the Theological Faculty "Nossa Senhora da Assunção", November 1, 1970.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 5, 1973; received the red biretta and the title of S. Antonio da Padova a via Tuscolana, March 5, 1973. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16, 1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979; the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the II Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 23 to 26, 1982; the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; member of the general secretariat, 1983-1986; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985, membership extended until 1987. Attended the III Plenary Assembly of the College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 21 to 23, 1985; the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, April 9, 1998; apostolic administrator, April 9 to May 23, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, September 14, 2001.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 310; Paulo Evaristo Arns : cardeal de esperança e pastor da Igreja de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP : Edições Paulinas, 1989. (Série Teologia em diálogo).

Link. Photograph and biography, in Portuguese.

ARRIBA Y CASTRO, Benjamín de (1886-1973)

Birth. April 8, 1886, Santa Maria de Peñamayor, diocese of Lugo, Spain. Son of Antonio de Arriba and Pilar de Castro.

Education. Conciliar Seminary of Madrid; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical University of Toledo, Toledo; Pontifical Roman Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 14, 1912, Rome, by Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val, secretary of State. Faculty member of the Conciliar Seminary of Madrid, 1913-1921. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Madrid, February 17, 1921. Secretary of the chamber and government of the diocese of Madrid, 1921-1930; provisor and pro-vicar general, 1930-1932; vicar general, 1932-1935.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Mondoñedo, May 1, 1935. Consecrated, June 16, 1935, cathedral of San Isidro, Madrid, by Leopoldo Eijo Garay, bishop of Madrid, assisted by Prudencio Melo y Alcalde, archbishop of Valencia, and by Manuel González y García, bishop of Málaga. Transferred to the see of Oviedo, August 8, 1944. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Tarragona, January 22, 1949.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 12, 1953; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio e Protasio, October 29, 1953. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, November 19, 1970. Lost the right to participate in the conclave for being older than eighty years, January 1, 1971.

Death. March 8, 1973, at 3:45 p.m., Barcelona. Buried, parish church of San Pablo, Tarragona.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 96.

Link. Photograph, genealogy and biography, in Spanish; and his tomb, fourth photo on the page.

ARTEAGA Y BETANCOURT, Manuel (1879-1963)

Birth. December 28, 1879, Puerto Príncipe (now Camagüey), archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Son of Rosendo Arteaga Montejo and Delia Betancourt Guerra. Baptized on April 17, 1880, at the principal parish church of Puerto Príncipe, by Rev. Virgilio Arteaga; he received the names Manuel Francisco del Corazón de Jesús. Received the sacrament of confirmation on November 17, 1882, in Puerto Príncipe, from José Martín de Herrera y de la Iglesia, archbishop of Santiago de Cuba. His paternal uncle, Rev. Ricardo Arteaga Montejo, who had left Cuba for Venezuela for political reasons, took the future cardinal to that country in 1892.

Education. Central University of Venezuela (bachelor in philosophy, June 15, 1898); entered the Capuchin convent in Caracas (1900); for health reasons had to leave the convent and entered the Seminary of Santa Rosa de Lima, Caracas (April 12, 1901); received the clerical tonsure and the four minor orders, August 10, 1902; subdiaconate, November 10, 1902; diaconate, December 7, 1902.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 17, 1904, Caracas, by Juan Bautista Castro, archbishop of Caracas. Pastoral work, Cumaná , Venezuela, 1906-1912; Camagüey, Cuba, 1912-1915. Provisor and vicar general of the diocese of Havana, 1915-1941; canon schoolmaster, 1916. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 31, 1926. Vicar capitular of the archdiocese of Havana, January 3, 1940.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of San Cristóbal de La Habana, December 26, 1941. Consecrated, February 24, 1942, cathedral of San Cristóbal de La Habana, by Giorgio Caruana, titular archbishop of Sebaste, nuncio in Cuba, assisted by Valentín Zubizarreta Unamunzaga, O.C.D., archbishop of Santiago de Cuba, and by Eduardo Martínez Dalmau, C.P., bishop of Cienfuegos.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, February 28, 1946. Papal legate to the First National Eucharistic Congress, Havana, January 10, 1946; to the coronation of Our Lady of Coromoto, Venezuela, July 30, 1952. Attended the I General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 25-August 4, 1955. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Persecuted by Communist regime of Fidel Castro, sought asylum in the Argentinean Embassy and in the apostolic nunciature, 1961-1962; in "San Juan de Dios" Hospital, where he died, 1962-1963. He was the first Cuban cardinal.

Death. March 20, 1963, Havana. Buried, "Cristóbal Colón" cemetery, Havana.

Bibliography. Gaínza González, Fernando. El Cardenal Arteaga. Havana: Editorial Lex, 1949. Del Valle, Raúl. El Cardenal Arteaga: Resplandores de la púrpura cubana. Havana: Impresos Ramallo, 1954.

Link. Biography, in Spanish.

ASCALESI, C.PP.S., Alessio (1872-1952)

Birth. October 22, 1872, Casalnuovo, archdiocese of Naples, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Spoleto, Spoleto.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 8, 1895, Spoleto. Joined the Congregation of the Most Precious Blood. Pastoral work, Spoleto, 1895-1909: pastor of the parish of Montemurano and for several years its economous. Prior pastor in Collegio S. Bartolomeo, in the city of Montefalco, and vicar foraneus.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Muro Lucano, April 29, 1909. Consecrated. August 8, 1909, church of S. Chiara, Montefalco, by Domenico Serafini, O.S.B., archbishop of Spoleto, assisted by Giovanni Grazziani, bishop of Todi, and by Ercolano Marini, bishop of Norcia. Transferred to see of Sant'Agata dei Goti, June 19, 1911. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Benevento, December 9, 1915.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 4, 1916; received the red hat and the title of S. Callisto, December 7, 1916. Apostolic administrator of Lucera, December 8, 1918. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Naples, March 7, 1924. Papal legate to the consecration of cathedral of Siracusa, Sicily, December 26, 1926; to the Eucharistic Congress of Calabria, Reggio, August 10, 1928; to the consecration of cathedral of Messina, Sicily, July 18, 1929; to the Plenary Council of Campagna, Naples, September 4, 1932; to the Regional Eucharistic Congress, Catanzaro, October 9, 1933; to the Regional Eucharistic Congress, Reggio Calabria, March 10, 1934. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII.

Death. May 11, 1952, Naples. Buried, Basilica dell'Incoronata Madre del Buon Consiglio, Capodimonte.

Link. His photograph.

©1998-2008 Salvador Miranda.