EDUCATION:
  1970         Ph.D. in Botany, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
                   New Jersey.
  1968         M.S. in Botany, Rutgers University.
  1966         B.S. in Biology Cum laude, Pacific Lutheran
                   University, Tacoma, Washington.
  1961         Diploma, Ephrata Senior High School, Ephrata,
                  Washington.

EXPERIENCE:
  Employment
  1980-now  Florida International University.
                  Associate Professor 1983, Professor 1991.
                  Associate Professor in 1983, Full Professor in 1991.
  1994-97   Florida International University. Chairperson of the
                   Department of Environmental Studies,
  1978-80    Self-employed as a carpenter and in operating a mail
                   order business In Warwick, NY.  Teaching at Upsala
                   College and Orange County Community College.
  1977-78    Maître de Conférènce Associé (Visiting Professor)
                    Institute Botanique, Université Montpellier II,
                    France.
  1973-76    Lecturer Department of Botany, University of Malaya,
                   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  1970-72    Post-doctoral Fellow, then Instructor and Research
                   Associate, at the Ohio State University, Columbus.
                   In Microbiology, Botany, and the Institute of Polar
                   Studies.
  Research
1989-99     Harvard Forest: dynamics of pigment change during leaf senescence;
                   India: shade effects on seedling development in tropical deciduous forest
                   trees; Operation Canopee, La Makande, Gabon: plant secondary chemistry
                   in the canopy and understory
  1988-now  Tropical forest ecology, forest tree seedling development, functional
                   ecology: Asia.
  1980-now  Evolution and adaptation in humid forest plants; environmental problems
                   in developing countries; agroforestry.  Field research in Costa
                   Rica, Panama, Honduras, Haiti, India and Malaysia.
  1984-85    Indo-American Fellow.  At Madurai Kamaraj University
                   and Bhavan's College, Bombay.  Light environments and plant development
                   in tropical forests; agroforestry, germ plasm collections of multiple use
                   trees.
  1979-80    Honorary Research Associate, New York Botanical Garden.
  1977-78    In France:  tropical botany, tree architecture, field research in
                   French Guyana.
  1976-77    Travel and field research:  India, Syria, Greece, Egypt, Tunisia,
                   Morocco, Spain, France, Switzerland, England, United States.
  1973-76    Malaysia and surrounding countries.  Tropical botany: the
                    biochemistry of seed proteins and leaf adaptations in tropical humid
                    forest plants, extensive fieldwork.
  1970-72    The Ohio State University:  plant tissue culture, plant population biology,
                    protein biochemistry and enzymology.
  1966-70    Rutgers University. Protein biochemistry, immunology and plant systematics.
  Education
  1980-now  Taught and developed courses in general biology, botany, economic botany,
                    plant physiology, tropical botany, plant morphology, The meaning of the
                    garden, senior seminar, graduate level tropical botany, Photobiology,
                    biochemical ecology, scientific method, functional ecology of tropical
                    plants, teaching for Dade County Schools: laboratory methods and remedial
                    biology, summer camp for gifted students, presentations to gifted students K-8.
  1978-80.   Taught general biology and anatomy and physiology for nurses at Orange
                    Community College; taught general biology and environmental science at Upsala
                    College. Taught general science for 5th and 6th graders at the Amity School.
                    Developed slide programs as teaching aids.
  1977-78    Taught advanced tropical botany and senior botany in French.
  1973-76    Taught morphology of pteridophytes and gymnosperms, general biology,
                    experimental taxonomy, and honors seminar at the University of Malaya.
                    Developed teaching aids for the Ministry of Education with a Ford Foundation
                    Grant.
  1970-72    Taught general botany, lectured in cell biology, and taught a graduate
                    seminar for the Institute of Polar Studies.  Developed three large multi-media
                    educational presentations with the Teaching Aids  Laboratory at OSU.
  1966-70    Assisted in General Biology.

FUNDING:
Lectins in Southeast Asian Legumes, NIH $8700, 1974-76.
Filmstrips for Biology Education in Malaysian Schools, Ford Foundation $15,000, 1975-76.
The growth of shade plants in tropical humid forests, FIU Foundation $4900, 9/81-9/82.
Leaf structure and function in tropical humid forest shade, Whitehall Foundation $31,970, 9/83-5/86.  Biology of Indian forest plants, CIES Indo-American Fellowship Program appr. $35,000, 9/84-8/85. Growth chambers: instrumentation for botanical research, NSF $54,212, 1988-90, co-PI with KR Downum.  Improving experimental laboratories in undergraduate plant sciences, NSF $62,002, co-PI with JH Richards. 1988-90. Heteroblasty in tropical forest vines, Provost's Summer Award $7948, 1988. Blue iridescence in tropical rainforest plants, American Philosophical Society $1950, 9/88-8/89. The function of anthocyanins in leaves of tropical forest understory plants, Provost's Summer Award $9971, 1991.  Effects of light quality and quantity on the developmental ecology of Malaysian forest trees, NSF BSR-9020137, $113,000, 5/91 to 8/94, REU supplement 1993, $8400, travel supplement 1994, $1800, 3M materials donation appr. $12,000.  Effects of light quality and quantity on the developmental ecology of Indian forest trees, NSF International Programs travel grant to India, appr. $2,000, 7/92. The Miami Tree Puzzle, Pearce Foundation and FIU/FAU Joint Center, $5,000 + $6960, 9/91 to 6/93.
Effect of Light Quality and Quantity on the developmental ecology of Indian Forest Trees, NSF International Programs 7/97-6/2000, Rupees 1.2 million and US $28,800.  Numerical Interpretation of Class III Narrative Nutrient Water Criteria for Everglades Wetlands, various federal  agencies, 1997-2000, macrophyte portion approx. $80,000/yr.  8/98-12/98, $11,000, Charles Bullard Fellowship, Harvard University.  2/99-3/99, $2800, Operation Canopee travel and field stipend.  1/98-12/01, $240,000, Anthocyanin charactisation and function in leaves of native New Zealand plants (co-PI with Kevin Gould).

GRADUATE STUDENTS
 Allan Herndon, M.S. 1988; Daniel Buisson, M.S. 1991;  Rita Graham, M.S. 1992;
 Maureen Sullivan, M.S. 1997; Current: Wesley Rogers, M.S., Martin Roberts, M.S.,
 Braulio Saenz, Ph.D., Prakash Sah, Ph.D.

PUBLICATIONS DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS (60 total)

1989.  Canopy dynamics and light climates in a tropical moist  deciduous forest.
    J. Trop. Ecol. 5:65-79.
1990.  Correlates of leaf optical properties in tropical forest  extreme shade and sun
    plants. Amer. J. Bot. 77:370-380.  (with   R. Bone, S. Tarsis and D. Storch)
1991a.  Heteroblastic development in vines.  In H.A. Mooney and  F.H. Putz, eds.:
    The biology of vines.  Cambridge University Press, New York.  (with J.H. Richards)
1991b.  The spectral distribution of biologically active solar radiation at Miami, Florida,
    USA.  Int. J. Biometeorol. 35:48-54.  (with K. Downum)
1991c.  Ultrastructural basis and function of iridescent blue colour of fruits in Eleocarpus.
    Nature 349:260-262.
1993a.  Physical and ultrastructural basis of blue leaf  iridescence in two neotropical
    ferns.  Amer. J. Bot. 80:198-203.  (with R. Graham and K. Norstog)
1993b.  The developmental responses of papaya leaves to simulated canopy shade.
     Amer. J. Bot. 80:947-952.  (with D. Buisson)
1995.  Why leaves are sometimes red.  Nature 378:241-42. (with K. Gould, D. Kuhn
     and Steven Oberbauer)
1996a.  Physical and ultrastructural basis of blue leaf  iridescence in four Malaysian
     understorey plants. American Journal of Botany 83:45-50.  (with Kevin Gould)
1996b.  Photosynthetic responses to contrasting light environments.  In K. Winter
     and S. Mulkey and Robin Chazdon, eds.: Tropical forest plant ecophysiology,
     pp. 5-55. Chapman and Hall, New York.  (with R.L. Chazdon, R.W. Pearcy
     and N. Fetcher, Lee is 3rd author)
1996c.  Light intensity and spectral quality effects on Asian tropical rainforest tree
     seedling development. Ecology 77:568-580. (with K. Baskaran, M. Mansor, H.
     Mohamad and S.K. Yap)
1996d.  Seedling development of Gonostylus bancanus (Ramin Melawis) in response
     to light intensity and spectral quality. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 8:520-531.
     (with K. Baskaran, M. Mansor, H. Mohamad and S.K. Yap)
1996e.  Forest shade and seedling development in five dipterocarps.  In S. Appahah and
     K.C. Khoo, eds.: Proceedings of the Fifth round table on dipterocarps, pp. 102-116.
     Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. (with Steven F. Oberbauer,
     K. Baskaran, M. Mansor, H. Mohamad and S.K. Yap)
1997.  Effects of Irradiance and Spectral Quality on the development of two Hopea species.
     Oecologia 110:1-9. (with S. Oberbauer, K. Baskaran, M. Mansor, H. Mohamad and
     S.K. Yap)
1998.  The biology of rudraksha. Current Science (Bangalore) 75:26-30.
1999.  Effects of irradiance and spectral quality on the development of jelutong seedlings.
     Journal of Tropical Forest Science 11:132-147. (with S. Oberbauer, K. Baskaran,
     M. Mansor, H. Mohamad and S.K. Yap)
In press.  A natural history of the Ramayana. In C. Chapple and A. Sharma, eds.: Hinduism
     and ecology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
In press.  Leaf colour in tropical plants: some progress and much  mystery. In K.M. Wong,
     ed.: Proceedings of the Stone Memorial Symposium. Tropical Press,
     Kuala Lumpur.
In press.  Seedling shade responses and functional ecology of  Hopea helferei and
     H. odorata. In C. Elouard, ed.: Proceedings of the Sixth round-table of the
     dipterocarps. Institut Francais, Pondicheri.  (with S. Oberbauer, B. Krishnapilay
     and M. Mansor)
In press.  Effects of light quantity and quality on early  seedling development in the
     red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L. Bulletin of Marine Science (S. M.
     Smith first author)
In press.  Effects of irradiance and spectral quality on leaf  structure and function in
     seedlings of two Southeast Asian Hopea species. American Journal of Botany.
     (with S. Oberbauer, P. Johnson, B. Krishnapilay, M. Mansor, H. Mohamad,
     and S.K. Yap)