PHH 4930 An Individual Philosopher--Wittgenstein Fall 2006
Mondays and Wednesdays, 2:00-3:15 in GC 289
Copyright © 2006 Bruce W. Hauptli
Note: The due date for the second paper has been changed. These papers are now due on Monday, December 4 by 4:15. Since class has been cancelled for that day, the papers should be turned in to my mailbox in the Philosophy Department []DM 347].
This web-site has a copy of the syllabus, extensive lecture supplements for each of the readings and lectures, and other information relevant to the course. It will be updated throughout the semester. You are encouraged to provide me with suggestions and comments about the content, and I am grateful for help in correcting the inevitable typos and grammatical errors!
Select the following links to move quickly to the indicated material below:
| Syllabus | Lecture Supplements | Paper Topics and Sample Exam Questions | Hauptli's Guide to Writing Philosophy Papers |
Syllabus: Click on these links for the indicated portion of the syllabus, or scroll down to view it as a single document:
Course Description:
This advanced undergraduate philosophy course will look carefully at the philosophy (better, perhaps, philosophies) of Ludwig Wittgenstein.
In this course students should become familiar with the problems, positions, and methodologies of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Students should also become adept at the interpretation texts; they should enhance their ability to provide balanced exposition and examination of philosophical problems, positions, and methodologies; and they should come to understand the philosophical activity of criticism of doctrines and things commonly taken for granted. In addition to introducing students to Wittgenstein’s thought, this course is intended to enhance the student’s critical reading, writing, and speaking skills.
The course focus attention on inquiry and analysis; seeks to enhance the students’ abilities to adopt critical perspectives; and endeavors to connect the philosophical problems, positions and methodologies studied with the concerns and methodologies of other disciplines and our culture generally. The readings, lectures, papers, and exams are integrated in a manner intended to promote these objectives.
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
The Blue and Brown Books
Philosophical Investigations
Readings:
I can not provide a detailed reading schedule which indicates what we will be reading day by day--reading and discussing Wittgenstein mitigates against this. We will begin by reading his Tractatus which constitutes his early philosophical orientation. We will look quickly at his Blue Book which provides an introduction to his "later" philosophy, and then we will then turn to his Philosophical Investigations which provide an introduction to his later philosophy. Students are hereby informed, however, that it is anticipated that class will be cancelled on Monday, December 4 as a meeting of Committees of the University’s Board of Trustees will be meeting during our class time, and I am obligated to attend these meetings.
Requirements and Policies:
The following requirements and policies will apply for this course, and students should read them carefully as I adhere rather strictly to them. I do not accept claims to ignorance in their regard. I apologize in advance for the length, tone, and specificity of this discussion, but irksome experiences over time have shown that it is wise to clearly specify these items.
1. Regular class attendance is required: after the first two class meetings attendance will be taken via a roll sheet which will be passed around the class five minutes after class has begun—the roll sheet will quickly circulate and students who arrive later than ten minutes into the class period will need to explain (immediately after class) their lateness to have their attendance count that day (otherwise they will be counted as only partially present). Students must attend for the whole class period, and those who leave before the class period is over will be counted as absent. Students who miss no more than one class will have their course grade raised by one third of a letter grade (B to B+, etc.). Students who miss three classes will have their course grade lowered by one third of a letter grade (C+ to C, etc.), students who miss five classes will have their course grade lowered by two thirds of a letter grade (C+ to C-, etc.), students who miss seven classes will have their course grade lowered by one letter grade (C to D, etc.), additional absences will be treated according to this progression. Students arriving after the roll has circulated will (unless their excuse is accepted after class) be treated as either two-thirds or one-third absent for that day (depending upon the extent of their tardiness).
No excuses will be accepted for the first absence, only extraordinary excuses will be accepted for the second and subsequent absences, and multiple excuses for any individual are viewed with ever-increasing skepticism. Only verifiable excuses will be allowed, and they must be presented to me in person—messages on my voice mail do not count as excuses. Excuses should be presented as soon after the absence as possible (students who wait till the end of the semester to offer excuses for early absences need to meet a high burden of verification for the absence to be excused). Please note that I check with Doctors' offices, hospitals and funeral homes; and I will only rarely accept work-related excuses (which should be offered before the absence).
2. Appropriate conduct is expected in class: I expect students to turn off portable phones and beepers, and to have reset or muted any distracting watch alarms. Courteous consideration others is a fundamental element in the classroom. I expect students to refrain from engaging in private conversations, noisy snacking, and only in the case of emergencies should students momentarily leave the classroom while class is in session. In short, students are expected to comport themselves in a manner which does not interfere with instruction and learning. Disruptive behavior will not be tolerated.
3. Regular reading is assumed: students who do not do their readings will have difficulty with the requirements and students who do not attend class will have difficulty with their readings. I strongly recommend that students do the readings several times—at least once before the class in which they will be discussed and once after the class. Extensive lecture supplements are available on-line through my web-site, and I am available in my office to discuss readings, paper topics, etc.
4. Papers, examinations,
and deadlines: because writing is important to philosophy,
students in this course will be required to write two critical,
analytical or expository philosophy papers each of which should
be approximately 2,000 words long (equivalent to eight
double-spaced typewritten pages of 250 words per page).
This indication of length is meant as a guide to the
student—papers much shorter than the indicated length are
unlikely to have adequately addressed one of the assigned
topics. Papers may, of course, be longer than the indicated
length. The papers should be typed and are due in my office
by 4:15 P.M. on the following dates: Monday, October 23
and Monday, December 4 Monday,
November 27. There will also be two closed
book and closed notes in-class essay exams: a midterm on Monday,
October 16 and a final during the designated final period.
A supplement entitled Writing Philosophy Papers is available on the course web-site. It describes what critical, analytical or expository philosophy papers are like, and this handout also provides a list of "grader's marks" which I employ in grading papers and exams.
Together the papers are worth 60% of the grade (30% each) and the exams are worth 40% (20% each). Students must submit all papers and take all exams to pass the course—that is, failure to complete any of the course requirements will result in a grade of F for the course. Therefore, students who do not turn in a paper or take an exam on time must nonetheless submit that paper or take a make-up exam if they wish to pass the course (grades higher than an F are given only for performance and accomplishment; and late papers and make-up exams may demonstrate these, while unfulfilled requirements demonstrate neither). An incomplete will not be assigned simply because work is late—after the designated final exam day, if a student has not been granted an extension and any required work has not been turned in, the student will receive a grade of F for the course.
5. Grading Scale: in grading papers and exams, and in calculating the course grade, I use the following scale:
| A 4.00 | B-/B 2.83 | C-/C 1.83 |
| A- 3.67 | B- 2.67 | C- 1.67 |
| B+/A- 3.49 | C+/B- 2.49 | D+ 1.33 |
| B+ 3.33 | C+ 2.33 | D 1.00 |
| B/B+ 3.16 | C/C+ 2.16 | D- 0.67 |
| B 3.00 | C 2.00 |
The "split" grades (B+/A-, for example) are assigned when the work is between the indicated grades. Of course, these split grades can not be used for the ultimate course grade, and thus the grades for the various individual papers and exams are calculated using the percentages indicated above (and adding or subtracting the appropriate fractional consideration in accordance with the attendance policy). For the overall course grade the above point equivalents constitute the minimum necessary to receive the indicated grade (thus students must earn at least a 3.67 to receive an A-). Where students are very close to a minimum point, I will take into consideration improvement (or its opposite) in grades throughout the course.
6. Extensions and late work: I indicate the due dates for the papers and the exam dates above. Moreover, I hand out paper topics so that students generally have at two weekends to work on their papers, and I hand out sample exam questions in advance of examinations. There should, then, be little call for extensions. Before the due date I will consider reasonable requests for extensions. Note, however, that excuses do not guarantee extensions, and excuses offered after due dates are far, far less successful than those offered before due dates. If I grant an extension to a student, that extension will establish a new due date, and that date must be met (or in extraordinary circumstances, an additional extension may be arranged [but only when it is requested prior to the (extended) due date]). Please note that requests for extensions must be made directly to me—neither my secretary nor your doctor may grant extensions for this course, and last minute calls to my voice-mail provide no assurance of extensions. On and after the due date, only an extraordinary request will be accepted (acceptable examples: hospitalization on due date, extremely serious personal problem, death in the immediate family; unacceptable examples: running out of time, and flat tires).
Papers are due in my office by 4:15 P.M. on the due date—papers turned in after 4:15 will be treated as if they were turned in the next day. The additional time on the due date beyond the time when the class meets is offered so that students who need additional time that day may attend class on the due date, and avoid suffering from the provisions of the attendance policy noted above. Students who turn their papers in at the office rather than in class should give them to the Department secretary so that the date and time may be noted on the papers. Papers submitted after 4:15 but before 4:15 P.M. the next day will receive a one-third decrease in grade (example: B+ changes to a B), papers turned in two days late will receive a two-thirds grade decrease, additional days will be treated according to this progression, but papers turned in between 4:15 on Fridays and 9:00 on Mondays will be counted as turned in on Monday morning, and will be assessed a "double penalty" for each weekend day). A paper turned in one week late, then, would receive a 2 2/3 grade reduction (an A paper would receive a C-). Clearly, students have a strong incentive to contact me prior to the due date if they are going to be unable to turn their papers in on time—failure to do so may have serious consequences in terms of the course grade. If your paper is late, then, it makes sense to speak with me right away (after class, in my office, or on the phone)—when I am provided with a good reason, I will stop the penalties from continuing to pile on to those already assessed for the lateness. Note that unless I have explicitly granted you an incomplete, all late papers must be turned in by the last class of the semester (prior to Finals Week)—assignments which are not turned in as of that time will be considered undone, and the penalty for having not done any of the requirements for the course is a course grade of “F.” Note, also, that I will not accept any but the most extraordinary of excuses for missing or being late for the Final Exam.
7. "Pass/Fail" grading: in the absence of a University-wide policy, students in my courses must earn a grade of C- or better to receive a "Pass" if they have selected the Pass/Fail grading option.
8. Plagiarism and academic misconduct: : when you engage in plagiarism you present as your work the opinions or arguments of someone else. Plagiarism is dishonest since the plagiarist offers for credit what is not her or his own. It is also counter-productive because it defeats a purpose of education—the improvement of the student's own powers of thinking, reasoning, and expression. Plagiarism may even occur when one expresses another's sequence of ideas, arrangement of material, or pattern of thought in one's own words. We have a case of plagiarism when a sequence of ideas is transferred from a source to a paper without a process of digestion, integration, criticism, and inquiry in the writer's mind and without acknowledgment (I have borrowed this statement, to a large extent, from the FIU English and Sociology/Anthropology Departments' descriptions of plagiarism). Academic misconduct occurs when the norms of inquiry are violated. Examples include students who present false Doctors' notes, who pretend that they have a family or medical emergency, or who seriously hinder other students' scholarly activities. I assign a course grade of F when I confront cases of plagiarism or academic misconduct, and I bring such students before the appropriate disciplinary body (the processes are set forth in the Student Handbook). The minimal penalty for students found guilty of plagiarism through the process is an F in the course, the provision that the University’s “Forgiveness Policy” may not be used to expunge that grade, and such students are placed on Academic Probation for the remainder of their undergraduate careers at FIU (so that a second such act usually results in expulsion from the University).
Students should be aware that it is not hard for professors to spot many cases of plagiarism. In the 2002-2003 academic year, for example, I caught and charged a total of six students for plagiarism and all it took to catch them was a simple web search! The University’s policies on Academic Misconduct and Code of Academic Integrity may be found on the FIU web-site at:
http://www.fiu.edu/~oabp/misconductweb/1acmisconductproc.htm
Students should not live under the illusion that it is difficult to prove plagiarism or misconduct. Contemporary web-based search engines make it easier than it was ever before to detect such activities, and I routinely filter passages I am suspicious of through one or more such filters.
Office Hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 3:30--4:30 and by appointment.
Office: DM 341D
I am generally at the
University five days a week, but when I am not teaching or
holding office hours, I am usually in the Faculty Senate office
(PC 225).
Phone/Voice Mail: 305-348-3350
E-Mail: hauptli@fiu.edu
I check
both voice and e-mail several times a day, and I return my calls.
Fax: 305-348-1799--students should be aware that the line is a
busy one (especially when papers are due and during exam
periods), and they can check with the Departmental Secretary, Ms.
Ivonne Carrasco, at 305-348-2185 to see if their faxes have been
received.
Suggested Supplementary Readings:
(a) Background Readings:
1.Norman Malcolm, “Wittgenstein,” in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy v. 8, ed. Paul Edwards (N.Y.: Macmillan, 1967), pp.327-340.
2.David Pears, “Wittgenstein,” in A Companion to Epistemology, eds. Jonathan Dancy and Ernest Sosa (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), pp. 523-527.
3. Norman Malcolm, Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir (second edition) (Oxford: Oxford U.P., 1982). Includes a biographical sketch by G.H. von Wright and Wittgenstein’s letters to Malcolm.
4.Alan Janik and Steven Toulmin, Wittgenstein’s Vienna (N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, 1973).
5.Ray Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius (N.Y. Penguin, 1990).
6. W.W. Bartley III, Wittgenstein (second edition) (LaSalle: Open Court, 1981).
7.W.W. Bartley III, “Theory of Language and Philosophy of Science as Instruments of Educational Reform: Wittgenstein and Popper as Austrian School Teachers,” in Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Historical Sciences, eds. R.S. Cohen and M.W. Wortofskey (Dordrecht: D. Reidel; 1974).
8.Bruce Duffy, The World As I Found It (N.Y.: Tichnor and Fields: 1988).
(b) Edited Collections of Critical Essays:
1. Wittgenstein: The Philosophical Investigations, ed. George Pitcher (Garden City: Anchor: 1966). Especially worthwhile are: Norman Malcolm’s “Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations;” Stanley Cavell’s “The Availability of Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy;” Rogers Albrittion’s “On Wittgenstein’s Use of the Term ‘Criterion’;” A.J. Ayer’s “Can There Be A Private Language?”; John Cook’s “Wittgenstein on Privacy;” and Norman Malcolm’s “Knowledge of Other Minds.”
2. The Wittgenstein Legacy (Midwest Studies in Philosophy v. 17), eds. Peter French, Theodore Uehling, and Howard Wettstein (Notre Dame: Univ. of Notre Dame, 1992). Especially worthwhile are: Alasdair MacIntyre’s “Colors, Cultures, and Practices;” John McDowell’s “Meaning and Intentionality in Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy;” S.L. Hurley’s “Intelligibility, Imperialism, and Conceptual Scheme;” Warren Goldfarb’s “Wittgenstein on Understanding;” Peter Winch’s “Persuasion;” and Donald Davidson’s “The Second Person.”
(c) Detailed Discussions:
1.P.M.S. Hacker, Insight and Illusion: Wittgenstein on the Philosophy and Metaphysics of Experience (Oxford: Oxford U.P., 1972).
2. S. Toulmin, “From Logical Analysis to Conceptual History” in The Legacy of Logical Positivism, eds. P. Achinstein and S. Baker (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U.P., 1969).
3.O.K. Bouwsma, “Blue Book,” The Journal of Philosophy v. 58 (1961), pp. 141-162.
4. James Bogen, Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Language (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972).
5. N. Garver, “Wittgenstein on Private Language,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research v. 20 (1960), pp. 389-396.
6. Saul Kripke, Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language (Cambridge: Harvard U.P., 1982).
7. Saunders and Henge, The Private Language Problem: A Philosophical Dialogue by (N.Y.: Random House, 1976).
8. K.T. Fann, Wittgenstein’s Conception of Philosophy (Berkeley: Univ. of California, 1971).
9. Carl Wellman, “Wittgenstein’s Conception of A Criterion,” The Philosophical Review, 1962 pp. 433-447.
Click on these links for the indicated lecture supplement:
Paper Topics and Sample Exam Questions:
Throughout the semester paper topic assignments and sample exam questions will be posted below:
| Sample Midterm Questions | First Paper Topics | Second Paper Topics | Sample Final Exam Questions |
File revised on 12/09/2006.