GUIDELINES FOR OPTIONAL RESEARCH PAPER

1.                Choose any topic having to do with THIS CLASS, but clear the topic with the professor first.

2.You must have three academic sources.Academic sources contain footnotes.Newspapers and magazines do not contain footnotes, whereas journals and most (but not all) of the books in the FIU Library do contain footnotes.In academic or scholarly papers, footnotes give the source of information so that it can be checked for accuracy.Note that footnotes could be endnotes or the Harvard citation method, which indicates the author and year of publication (or copyright date) and is embedded in the text of the paper, e.g. (Girard 1995).Also note that:

1.Each of these three sources should be on the identical topic;

2.The topic should be narrowly defined – e.g., causes of teen suicide;

3.Thus, one article on trends in suicide and another on prevention is not acceptable;

4.Journal articles or chapters in books are good sources;

5.Three chapters in the same book may count as three sources if each chapter has a different author;

6.You must either show me xerox copies of chapters and articles, or bring in the books.

7.I will not accept your paper unless I have approved sources that you show me in advance.

3.Your paper should be written as a scholarly treatment of the topic.Your treatment should present the findings of studies discussed in the articles/books you have selected for your paper.Scholarly papers do not describe personal experiences or feelings.

4.Your paper should be organized around one to three major themes that are either announced or hinted at in the introductory paragraphs of your paper.Paragraphs should be introduced with transitions that indicate where you are with regard to laying out the themes in the paper (e.g., In addition to identity threats, another cause of suicide is...)

5.The paper should contain citations (footnotes, endnotes, or author’s name in parentheses) for all facts or analyses that are not your own.You do not have to quote in order to footnote.

6.Do not quote excessively.Quotes in contemporary research articles are limited to half a sentence in most instances.It is far better to paraphrase in your own words, which will better maintain the flow of the text and make it easier on the reader.Excessive quotes are generally a sign of a lazy writer.

7.Don’t refer to dictionary definitions (including Webster’s); this trite mechanism for introducing a topic is generally not relevant and should be avoided.

8.Give the professor a rough draft one week or more in advance of the final exam, and you will get the paper back with comments telling you how you can get an “A”.

9.You must turn in a rough draft with your paper, or I will not accept the paper (PERIOD, NO EXCEPTIONS).Do not tell me you make corrections on a word processor so you do not have a rough draft.If that’s how you write papers, I can assure you they stink!(I want to be unmistakably blunt here).Good papers need to be printed out and read through before they are corrected.I personally make 10 to 100 drafts like this for a single journal article.

10.Your paper must have ten (10) pages of text (not including references).It must be typed and double-spaced.I prefer rough drafts that are typed, but I will accept rough drafts that are written in longhand.

11.Do not bother to purchase a paper.I can tell when this has been done because the format of the paper is generally inappropriate for the class.If the paper is inappropriate, I will simply assign a low grade.

12.If your paper does not improve your grade, it will not be averaged in when calculating your final grade.


WHAT IS A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL?

Most instructors at the University level demand that all of most of the periodical articles you use in writing a research paper come from SCHOLARLY JOURNALS.This is especially true for upper-division courses and is absolutely essential in graduate work.To help distinguish scholarly journals from other periodicals, some characteristics of scholarly journals are listed below.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOLARLY JOURNALS:

Scholarly journals generally have a sober, serious look.They often contain many graphs and charts but few glossy pages or exciting pictures.

Scholarly journals ALWAYS cite their sources in the form of footnotes or bibliographies.

Articles are written by a scholar in the field or by someone who has done research in the field.Authors name appears at the beginning or the end of the article.

The language of scholarly journals is that of the discipline covered.It assumes some scholarly background on the part of the reader.

The main purpose of a scholarly journal is to report on original research of experimentation in order to make such information available to the rest of the scholarly world.

Many scholarly journals, though by no means all, are published by a specific professional organization.

EXAMPLES OF SCHOLARLY JOURNALS:

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association.

Psychological Bulletin (published by the American Psychological Association).

Journal of Marriage and the Family (published by the National Council on Family Relations).

Sex Roles: A Journal of Research

Journal of Educational Research

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science

PERIODICALS THAT ARE NOT SCHOLARLY JOURNALS:

News magazines like Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report.While these publications can be of great assistance in providing an introduction to a current topic, they don’t providing an introduction to a current topic, they don’t provide the same analysis as scholarly journals.Articles are not usually written by scholars in the field and are aimed at a more general audience than are articles in scholarly journals.

Opinion magazines such as New Republic, National Review, or Nation.These magazines are aimed at an educated audience, but without assuming particular scholarly background.They comment on current events and offer a particular viewpoint on world affairs, politics, and cultural matters.

Popular magazines like Sports Illustrated, Health, Redbook, People, Readers Digest, or Family Circle.Generally, academic libraries do not carry as many of these titles as public libraries do.Popular magazines, while attractive and entertaining, do not report on original research or cite sources, and are not the kind of source to cite in the bibliography of an academic paper.


Trade Journals such as Beverage World, Dealer-Scope Merchandising, Automotive News, and Progressive Grocer. These magazines are industry specific, designed to update and inform the reader on current trends in an industry.

NOTE

There are reference books which attempt to describe and evaluate periodical titles.If you need further information about an individual title we suggest you consult:

Katz, Bill and Linda Sternberg Katz.Magazines for Libraries.7th ed.New York: Bowker, 1992.(Z6941.M23)

“... an annotated listing by subject of some 6,500 periodicals.”(Preface) Each entry gives name of periodical, beginning publication date, publisher, editor, address, price, and such information as indexing, size, and level of audience.Short abstracts describe the scope, political slant and other aspects of the publication.Arrangement is topical which brings magazines and journals on like subjects together.To find an individual title one uses the title index at the end of the volume.

FOR FURTHER ASSISTANCE, PLEASE INQUIRE AT THE REFERENCE DESK IN THE LIBRARY.