Ecology of South Florida (EVR 3013)

BIRD NOTES

Blackbirds & AlliesBuntings & GrosbeaksCranes, Rails & AlliesFinchesFlamingos
Gallinaceous BirdsGulls & TernsHerons & AlliesHummingbirds Jays & Crows
KingfishersLoons & GrebesMockingbirds & AlliesOwlsParrots
Pelicans & AlliesPigeons & Doves Plovers, Sandpipers & AlliesSparrows Starlings & Allies
SwallowsVultures & HawksWarblersWaterfowlWoodpeckers
Look at the birds
Wood Storks
I. Blackbirds & AlliesTopStart
CommonBinomialHabitat PreferenceNotes
Common grackleQuiscalus quisculaNests in woodlands and prairiesPermanent resident. Diet includes insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fruits, and seeds.
Boat-tailed grackleQuiscalus majorNest in fresh and saltwater marshesCommon, year-round residents. Food includes beetles, crayfish, crabs, corn, and other grains and insects
Red-winged blackbirdAgelaius phoeniceusMarshes. Very widespread and abundant in NACharacteristic of marshes, considered pest in some places . Rice, corn, oats, wild grasses and insects. One of the most abundant birds in North America.
II. Buntings & GrosbeaksTopStart
Northern cardinalCardinalis cardinalisWoodlands and suburban sites.Common suburban bird. Eats fruits and seeds.
III. Cranes, Rails & AlliesTopStart
American cootFulica americanamarshes, lakes, and canalsFeed on aquatic vegetation
Common moorhen
Common gallinule
Gallinula chloropusFreshwater wetlandsFeed on aquatic palnts, seeds, insects, and other invertebrates.
IV. FinchesTopStart
House sparrow
English sparrow
Passer domesticusOpen, disturbed areas; urban parking lotsReleased at hundreds of locations in the U.S. in the 1800's. 45% of avian fauna in St. Pete urban areas. Feeds on seeds and grains, garbage and insecs during breeding system
V. FlamingosTopStart
Greater FlamingoPhoenicopterus ruberMarshes and mangroves.Most birds in Florida are probably escapes from zoos. Eat small shellfish.
VI. Gallinaceous BirdsTopStart
Northern bobwhite
Quail
Colinus virginianusPine woodlandsCommon in flatwoods. Feed on grains, seeds, and insects.
Wild turkeyMelagris gallopavoHammocks and swampsFeed on acorns, saw palmetto berries and acorns. Roost in trees.
VII. Gulls & TernsTopStart
Ring-billed gullLarus delawarensisBeach strand and coastal wetlands to shopping malls and landfills.Most common gull in Florida. Food includes fish, insects, refuse, plants including cabbage palm seeds.
Laughing gull
black-headed gull
Larus atricillaBeach strand and coastal wetlandsOnly nesting gull in Florida. Feeds on fish and other marine organisms.
Royal ternSterna maximaCoastal, marine environments.Plunge feed for small fish.
VIII. Herons & AlliesTopStart
Cattle egretBubulcus ibisprairies, marshes, open disturbed sites.Native to Africa, reached South America in the 1930's. Arrived in Florida in 1953. Food includes grasshoppers, butterflies, flies, caterpillars, damselflies, spiders, snakes, frogs, lizards, and small rodents.
Great blue heronArdea herodiusShallow, open wetlandsReadily looses its fear of man. Still hunt for frogs, lizards, snakes, small mammals, lizards, and occasionally small birds. Feed both during the day and at night. Great white heron is a white form of this species.
Great egret
American egret
common egret
Casmerodius albusShallow wetlandsStalking hunter in shallow wetlands. Nest in fresh and saltwater wetlands. Hunted nerly to extinction in the early 1900's.
Green-backed heronButorides striatusWetland, forest edges.Often solitary, unlike many other herons. Fish are their most important food but they also consume crustaceans, insects, and mollusks
Little blue heronEgretta caeruleaMay nest near saltwater but prefer freshwater for feeding.Nest in fresh and saltwater wetlands. Food includes small fish and frogs. Decline may be due to the cattle egret.
Roseatte spoonbillAjaia ajajaMostly mangrove swamps and estuaries.Nearly extirpated by the middle of this century. Eat small fish, ceustaceans, and insects.
Snowy egretEgretta thulaShallow wetlands.Nearly hunted to extinction in the early 1900's. Stalk frogs, fish, worms, shrimp, crayfish, aquatic insects, and small snakes.
Tricolor heronEgretta tricolorsalt and freshwater marshes and mangroves.Still hunt, primarily for fish, mostly in salt marshes and estuaries.
White ibis
Curlew
Chokoloskee chicken
Eudocimus albusSalt and freshwater marshes and mangrovesFeed on crayfish, grasshoppers, aquatic insects, crabs, grass shrimp, and small snakes.
Wood stork
Ironhead
Mycteria americanaFreshwater swamps and mangroves.Reduced to 20% of their 1930 population of 75,000. Nest in cypress and mangrove. Grope feed for small fish.
IX. HummingbirdsTopStart
Ruby-throated hummingbirdArchilochus colubrisPinelands, hammocks, and suburban environments.Florida's smallest bird. Includes both residents and migrants. Feed on nectar and nectar-feeding insects.
X. Jays & CrowsTopStart
BluejayCyanocitta cristataFlatwoods, hammocks, and suburban environments.Prefer acorns but will eat anything smaller than themselves
Fish crowCorvus ossifragusAbundant especially near coastlines, rivers, lakes, and marshes.Diet includes crabs, mollusks, carayfish, and bird eggs.
American crowCorvus brachyrhynchosMost abundant in upland wooded areas.Common, permanent resident. Diet includes insects, young rabbits, snakes, lizards and young reptiles and birds.
Scrub jayAphelocoma coerulescensScrubEastern race found only in Florida. Feed on acorns, grasshoppers, beetles, ants, wasps, spiders, and a variety of fruits.
XI. KingfishersTopStart
Belted kingfisherCeryle alcyonRivers, lakes, canals.Dive headfirst into the water. Feed on small fish, crayfish, insects, and frogs.
XII. Loons & GrebesTopStart
Pied-billed grebePodylimbus podicepsLakes and canals.Aquatic invertebrates and small fish. Includes residents and winter migrants.
XIII. Mockingbirds & AlliesTopStart
Gray catbirdDumetella carolinensisThick, understory vegetation in hammocks, pinelands, and swamps.Greenbrier, grape andd other fruits.
Northern mocking birdMimus polyglottos [state bird]Common in agricultural and suburban landscapes.Mimic virtually any bird or other sounds. Eats insects fruits, dahoon holly, cabbage palm, elderberry.
Loggerhead shrikeLanius ludovicianusAgricultural lands and open areas.Rodents, lizards, small birds, grasshoppers, caterpillars, and other insects. Frequently impale food on thorns or barbed wire.
XIV. OwlsTopStart
Barred owl
hoot owl
Strix variaPrefer swampsCavity nesters. Feed on cotton rats, flying squirrels, deer mice and other birds.
Burrowing owlAthene cuniculariaOpen well-drained habitats.Foods include insects, rodents, ampibians and small birds.
XV. ParrotsTopStart
Monk parakeetMyiopsitta monoachusUrban and agricultural environments.Fruit.
XVI. Pelicans & AlliesTopStart
Anhinga
snake bird
water turkey
Anhinga anhingaLakes, swamps, and canals.Feathers become water-logged to facilitate diving. Birds must sun themselves to dry feathers. Skewer fish with their sharp bills. Very strong flier.
Brown pelicanPelicanus occidentalisUsually nest in coastal mangrove islands.Dive from heights of 20-30 feet.
Double-crested cormorantPhalacrocorax auritusOpen waterIncludes residents and migrants. Eats fish.
XVII. Pigeons & DovesTopStart
Eurasian collared doveStreptopelia decaoctoSuburban and agricultural areas.Grains and weed seeds. First appeared in Florida in the 1980's after it was introduced into the Bahamas.
Mourning dove
Turtle dove
Zenaida macrouraOpen woodlands and suburban environmentsPopular gamebird
White-crowned pigeonColumba leucocephalaMangroves and tropical hammocksNest in mangroves.
Rock dove
Pigeon
Columba liviaDisturbed and urban sitesIntroduced by early European settlers. Feed on grains and seeds.
XVIII. Plovers, Sandpipers & AlliesTopStart
KilldeerCharadrius vociferusBeach strand, prairies, marshes, and agricultural environmentsNumbers increase in winter as migrants arrive
Ruddy turnstoneArenaria interpresCoastal areasFlip stones and shells to find marine invertebrates
SanderlingCalidris albaCoastal areasMost common sandpiper. Feeds on marine invertebrates.
XIX. Starlings & AlliesTopStart
European starlingSturnus vulagarisDisturbed areas.Introduced to NY in 1890. Feeds on grasshoppers, worms, fruits and grain.
Common mynaArcidotheres tristisDisturbed and suburban sites.Introduced
XX. SparrowTopStart
Seaside sparrowAmmodramus maritimusCoastal prairies.Nine subspecies, seven occur in Florida. Eat snails, grasshoppers, crabs, spiders, beetles, and seeds.
XXI. SwallowsTopStart
Barn swallowHirundo rusticaPairies and marshes.Feeds on insects.
XXII. Vultures & HawksTopStart
American swallow-tail kiteElanoides forficatusCypress, pineland and marshes.Prey includes grasshoppers, lizards, snakes. Nest in pine and cypress
Snail kite
Everglades Kite
Rosrthamnus sociabilisMarshes and long-hydroperiod prairiesFeeds exclusively on Pomacea paludosa (apple snail)
Bald eagleHaliaeetus leucocephalusOpen water near forested areas.Feed on fish and large wetland birds including grebes, cattle egrets, and American coots.
Osprey
Fish hawk
Pandion haliaetusOpen fresh or salt water.Plunge feet first into the water.
Northern harrier hawk
Marsh hawk
Circus cyaneusPastures, prairies and marshes.Prefer open habitats, Feed on small vertebrates.
Red-shouldered hawkButeo lineatusPinelands, hammocks and swamps.Common woodland hawk, with a permanent resident population in the state. Eat small mammals, lizards, snakes, frogs, crayfish, and inects.
American kestrelFalco sparveriusPrairies,marshes and open agricultural areas.Smallest falcon. Feeds on insects, small mammals, and reptiles.
Turkey vultureCathartes aura Extremely sensitive sense of smell
Black vultureCoragyps atratus More aggressive than turkey vultures but less adept at finding kills.
XXIII. WarblersTopStart
Palm warblerDendroica palmarumWoodland edges, marshes, and agricultural areas.Very common winter warbler. Feds on insects and seeds.
XXIV. WaterfowlTopStart
Muscovy duckCairina moschataUrban wetlands and lakes.Native to South and Central America. May harbor diseases and parasites that affect native waterfowl.
XXV. WoodpeckersTopStart
Northern WoodpeckerColaptes auratusOpen woodlands and suburban habitats.Insects, especially ants. Sometimes a nuisance because of drumming.
Red-bellied woodpecker
orange sapsucker
Melanerpes carolinusVery widespread, adapts well to suburban landscapes.Widely distributed in Florida including suburban yards. Feed on seeds, nuts, insects and grubs.
Pileated woodpeckerDryocopus pileatusSwamps and pinelands.Largest woodpecker. Feeds on ants, beetles, fruits.