CLASSIFICATION OF THE JOINTS

1. Fibrous (syndesmoses)

A. Suture

B. Ligamentous

C. Gomphosis

2. Cartilaginous (synchondroses)

A. Hyaline

B. Fibrocartilaginous

3. Synovial

A. Gliding (plane)

B. Uniaxial (flexion-extension, axial rotation)

1. Hinge

2. Pivot

C. Biaxial (flexion-extension/abduction-adduction - circumduction)

1. Condyloid

2. Ellipsoid

D. Multiaxial (flexion-extension/abduction-adduction-medial-lateral rotation)

1. Ball and socket

2. Saddle

Other actions:

1. Hyperextension

2. Elevation-depression

3. Protraction-retraction

4. Pronation-supination

5. Inversion-eversion

6. Dorsiflexion-plantar flexion