ZOO 4990L - Gross Anatomy Lab III

Dissections of October 2 - 4, 2001

N.B.     In each dissection some names appear in parentheses. These are structures that may not readily be found during your dissection, i.e., look for them but do not spend too much time on them so that you have time to comlete the laboratory. Many of these structures will be exposed more completely in future dissections or are best observed in your atlas. Also, there will be important structures listed that are not found in your dissector (Hansen, 1998); information about these items can be found in your text (Jenkins, 1998; Moor and Augur, 1996; Stern, 1997).


OSTEOLOGY OF THE SKULL

To guide your study of the skull, the structures for which you are responsible have been grouped together by cranial view (e.g., frontal, lateral, basal, etc.). Thus, many of the structures appear multiple times in the list because they can be observed in multiple views. Start your study with the section entitled "FRONTAL VIEW" (below).
  
N.B.  The skull will be covered on both Exam II and Exam III. 
  
BONES OF THE NEUROCRANIUM (BRAINCASE) 

	frontal
	parietal (2)
	occipital
	temporal (2)
	sphenoid
	ethmoid

BONES OF THE VISCEROCRANIUM (FACE) 

	nasal (2)
	maxillary (2)
	zygomatic (2)
	lacrimal (2)
	palatine (2)
	inferior nasal conchae (2)
	vomer
	mandible

*The complete cranial skeleton also includes the auditory ossicles (6), dentition (0-32) and the hyoid bone 

FRONTAL VIEW

Bones and Processes
	frontal
		superciliary arch
		zygomatic process
	sphenoid
		greater wing
		lesser wing
	ethmoid
		lamina orbitalis (papyracea) 
		perpendicular plate (nasal cavity)
		middle nasal concha (nasal cavity)
	nasal
	maxilla
		frontal process
		zygomatic process
		alveolar process
		anterior nasal spine
	lacrimal
	inferior nasal concha
	vomer
	mandible

Apertures, Foramina, and Fissures

	piriform (nasal) aperture
	supraorbital foramen (or notch)
	infraorbital foramen
	mental foramen
	lacrimal sac fossa
	optic canal
	superior orbital fissure
	inferior orbital fissure

Sutures
N.B.    The rule for naming sutures is relatively simple, simply state the bones forming the articulation; the order is unimportant, e.g., the suture found between the frontal and nasal bones is the fronto-nasal or the nasofrontal. A few of the sutures of the cranial vault have descriptive names (e.g., "sagittal" for the inter-parietal or parieto-parietal, "coronal" for the fronto-parietal or parieto-frontal, etc.). Both the descriptive name and anatomical name are acceptable. 
	fronto-nasal
	fronto-maxillary
	zygomatico-frontal
	zygomatico-maxillary
	intermaxillary

LATERAL VIEW

 Bones and Processes 
	frontal
	parietal
	occipital
		external occipital protuberance
		condyles
	temporal
		squamous part
		mastoid process
		tympanic anulus (plate)
		styloid process
		zygomatic process (of zygomatic arch)
	sphenoid (greater wing)
	nasal
	maxilla
	zygoma
		temporal process (of zygomatic arch)
	lacrimal
	mandible
		condyloid process
		coronoid process
		mandibular notch 
		ramus
		body
		angle
		mental protuberance

Fossae and Openings
	external auditory meatus
	temporal fossa
	infratemporal fossa
	lacrimal sac fossa

 Sutures 
	coronal (fronto-parietal)
	sagittal (inter-parietal)
	lambdoidal (parieto-occipital)
	squamosal (temporo-parietal)
	temporo-occipital (occipitomastoidea)
	spheno-parietal
	spheno-frontal

BASAL VIEW

 Bones and Processes 
	occipital
		external occipital protuberance (and crest)
		condyles
		nuchal lines (sup. and inf.)
		 basiocciput (with pharyngeal tubercle)
	temporal
		zygomatic process
		articular tubercle
		mandibular fossa
		styloid process
		mastoid process (and notch)
		petrous part
	sphenoid
		pterygoid process
		medial pterygoid plate
		hamulus
		lateral pterygoid plate
		pterygoid fossa
		(scaphoid fossa)
		greater wing
		spine
	zygoma (and zygomatic arch)
	maxilla
		incisive fossa 
		palatine process 
		zygomatic process
	palatine
		horizontal plate 
		(pyramidal process)
		posterior nasal spine 
		choanae
	vomer

Foramina
	foramen magnum
	hypoglossal canal
	condylar canal (inconstant)
	carotid canal
	jugular fossa and foramen
	stylomastoid foramen
	"foramen lacerum"
	foramen ovale
	foramen spinosum
	greater and lesser palatine foramina

 Sutures 
	occipito-temporal (occipitomastoidea)
	spheno-temporal (sphenosquamosal)
	"sphenoccipital"
	zygomatico-temporal (of zygomatic arch)
	zygomatico-maxillary
	intermaxillary
	palatomaxillary (transverse palatine)
	interpalatine (median palatine)

INTERIOR OF THE SKULL

 Bones and Processes 
	frontal
		groove for the superior sagittal sinus
		orbital plate
	ethmoid
		crista galli
		cribriform plate
	sphenoid
		body
			(jugum)
			suprachiasmatic sulcus (chiasmatic groove)
			sella turcica
				(tuberculum sellae)
				(hypophyseal fossa)
				(dorsum sellae)
					(posterior clinoid process)
			(clivus - L., slope)
		groove for the internal carotid artery
		greater wing
		lesser wing
			anterior clinoid process
	temporal
		squamous part
		petrous part
			(arcuate eminence)
			(impression of the trigeminal ganglion)
			groove for the superior petrosal sinus
			groove for the sigmoid sinus
	parietal
	occipital
		groove for the inferior petrosal sinus
		basilar part
		groove for the transverse sinus
		(groove for the occipital sinus)
		internal occipital protuberance (and crest)
		confluens of sinuses
		groove for the superior sagittal sinus

Fossae and Foramina
	anterior cranial fossa
		(foramen cecum)
		foramina cribosa (olfactory foramina)
	middle cranial fossa
		optic canal
		superior orbital fissure
		foramen rotundum
		foramen ovale 
		foramen spinosum 
		foramen lacerum
	posterior cranial fossa
		internal acoustical meatus
		jugular foramen
		hypoglossal canal
		condylar canal (inconstant)
		foramen magnum

 Sutures 
	spheno-frontal
	spheno-parietal
	spheno-temporal (sphenosquamosal)
	"spheno-occipital"
	fronto-ethmoidal
	occipito-temporal (occiptomastoidea)
	occipito-parietal (lambdoidal)
	temporo-parietal (squamosal)

Mandible
	condyloid process
	coronoid process
	mandibular notch
	ramus
	body
	angle
	mandibular foramen
	mental foramen
	mylohyoid line
	mental spines (genial tubercles)

Return to FIU Anatomy Home Page