Alphabetic List
Listed with Format EVOLUTION
Listing Created 7 Feb 2004, at 15:00
Abdul Jalil, S., and I. J. Patterson. 1989. Effect of simulated goose grazing on
yield of autumn-sown barley in North-East Scotland. J. Appl. Ecol. 26:897-
912.
Abe, K., J. F. Wei, F. S. Wei, Y. C. Hsu, H. Uehara, K. Artzt, and D. Bennett.
1988. Seraching for coding sequences in the mammalian genome: the H-2K region
of the mouse MHC is replete with genes expressed in embryos. Embo. J. 7:3441-
3449.
Abelenda, M., M. P. Nava, A. Fernandez, J. A. Alonso, J. C. Alonso, R. Munoz-
Pulido, L. M. Bautista, and M. L. Puerta. 1993. Blood values of common cranes
({IGrus grus}) by age and season. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 104A:575-578.
Abo, T., T. Kawate, K. Itoh, and K. Kumagai. 1981. Studies on the bioperiodicity
of the immune response. I. Circadian rhythms of human T, B and K cell traffic
in the peripheral blood. J. Immunol. 126:1360-1363.
Abplanalp, H., M. E. Gershwin, E. Johnston, and J. Reid. 1990. Genetic control
of avian scleroderma. Immunogenetics 31:291-295.
Abplanalp, H., K. Sato, D. Napolitano, and J. Reid. 1992. Reproductive
performance of inbred congenic leghorns carrying different haplotypes for the
Major Histocompatibility Complex. Poul. Sci. 71:9-17.
Abraham, D. M. 1982. Resource partitioning between Sabine's gulls and Arctic
terns during the breeding season. MSc, University of Western Ontario.
Abraham, K. F. 1980. Moult migration of lesser snow geese. Wildfowl 31:89-93.
Abraham, K. F., and F. Cooke. 1979. First record of King Eider nesting in
Manitoba. Blue Jay 37:45-46.
Abraham, K. F., P. Mineau, and F. Cooke. 1977. Unusual predators of Snow Goose
eggs. Can. Field-Nat. 91:317-318.
---. 1981. Remating of a Lesser Snow Goose. Wilson Bulletin 93:557-559.
Abrams, E. S., S. E. Murdaugh, and L. S. Lerman. 1990. Comprehensive detection
of single base changes in human genomic DNA using denaturing gradient gel
electrophoresis and a GC clamp. Genomics 7:463-475.
Abu Shakra, M., and Y. Shoenfeld. 1991. Parasitic infection and autoimmunity.
Autoimmunity 9:337-344.
Accolla, R. S., L. Adorini, S. Sartoris, F. Sinigaglia, and J. Guardiola. 1995.
MHC: orchestrating the immune response. Immunol. Today 16:8-11.
Accolla, R. S., L. Scarpellino, G. Carra, and J. Guardiola. 1985. Trans-acting
element(s) operating across species barriers positively regulate expression
of major hisotcompatibility complex class II genes. J. Exp. Med. 162:1117-
1133.
Acha-Orbea, H., and H. O. McDevitt. 1987. The first external domain of the
nonobese diabetic mouse class II I-A beta chain is unique. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci., U. S. A. 84:2435-2439.
Acquarone, C., M. Cucco, and G. Malacarne. 2001. Short-term effects on body
condition and size of immunocompetent organs in the hooded crow. Ital. J.
Zool. 68:195-199.
Adamo, S. A., M. Jensen, and M. Younger. 2001. Changes in lifetime
immunocompetence in male and female {IGryllus texensis} (formerly {IG integer})
trade-offs between immunity and reproduction. Anim. Behav. 62:417-425.
Adams, B. M. 1968. Effect of cortisol on growth and uric acid excretion in the
chick. Journal of Endocrinology 40:145-151.
Adams, N. J., B. Pinshow, and L. Z. Gannes. 1997. Water influx and efflux in
free-flying pigeons. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic
and Environmental Physiology 167:444-450.
Adams, N. J., B. Pinshow, L. Z. Gannes, and H. Biebach. 1999. Body temperatures
in free-flying pigeons. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical
Systemic and Environmental Physiology 169:195-199.
Ader, R., D. Felten, and N. Cohen. 1990. Interactions between the brain and
immune system. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 30:561-602.
Ader, R., D. L. Felton, and N. Cohen, eds. 1991. Psychneuroimmunology. Academic
Press, San Diego CA.
Aebischer, N. J. 1986. Retrospective investigation of an ecological disaster in
the shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis: a general method based on long-term
marking. J. Anim. Ecol. 55:613-629.
Aebischer, N. J., and J. C. Coulson. 1990. Survival of the kittiwake in relation
to sex, year, breeding experience and position in the colony. J. Anim. Ecol.
59:1063-1071.
Afton, A. D. 1984. Influence of age and time on reproductive performance of
female lesser scaup. Auk 101:255-265.
Agarwal, S., and R. S. Sohal. 1996. Relationship between susceptibility to
protein oxidation, aging, and maximum life span potential of different
species. Experimental Gerontology 31:365-372.
Agreda, A., and D. J. Anderson. 2003. Evolution of single-chick broods in the
swallow-tailed gull {ICreagrus furcatus}. Ibis 99:999.
Agresti, A. 1990. Categorical Data Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Agrestis, A. 1990. Categorical Data Analysis. Wiley, New York.
Aguas, A., N. Esaguay, C. E. Sunkel, and M. T. Silva. 1990. Cross-reactivity and
sequence homology between the 65-kilodalton mycobacterial heat shock protein
and human lactoferrin, transferrin and DR beta subsets of major
histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Infect. Immun. 58:1461.
Aguas, A., N. Esaguy, C. E. Sunkel, and M. T. Silva. 1990. Cross-reactivity and
sequence homology between the 65-kilodalton mycobacterial heat shock protein
and human lactoferrin, transferrin, and DR beta subsets of major
histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Infect. Immun. 58:1461-1470.
Aguila, M. C., W. L. Dees, W. E. Haensly, and S. M. McCann. 1991. Evidence that
somatostatin is localized and synthesized in lymphoid organs. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 88:11485-11489.
Aguirre, S. A., P. H. Mason, and L. E. Perryman. 1994. Susceptibility of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and MHC class II-deficient mice to
{ICryptosporidium parvum} infection. Infect. Immun. 62:697-699.
Agur, Z., G. Mazor, and I. Meilijson. 1991. Maturation of the humoral immune
response as an optimization problem. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 245:
147-150.
Aguzzi, A., S. Brandner, U. Sure, D. Ruedi, and S. Isenmann. 1994. Transgenic
and knock-out mice: models of neurological disease. Brain Pathol. 4:3-20.
Ahmed, A. R., A. Mohimen, E. J. Yunis, N. M. Mirza, V. Kumar, E. H. Beutner, and
C. A. Alper. 1993 Feb 1. Linkage of pemphigus vulgaris antibody to the major
histocompatibility complex in healthy relatives of patients. Journal of
Experimental Medicine 177:419-424.
Ahmed, A. R., E. J. Yunis, K. Khatri, R. Wagner, G. Notani, Z. Awdeh, and C. A.
Alper. 1990 Oct. Major histocompatibility complex haplotype studies in
Ashkenazi Jewish patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.
S. A. 87:7658-7662.
Ahmed, A. R., J. J. Yunis, D. Marcus-Bagley, E. J. Yunis, M. Salazar, A. J.
Katz, Z. Awdeh, and C. A. Alper. 1993 Dec 1. Major histocompatibility complex
susceptibility genes for dermatitis herpetiformis compared with those for
gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Journal of Experimental Medicine 178:2067-2075.
Ahmed, F. E., and A. H. H. Mohammed. 1978. {UHaemoproteus} {Ucolumbae}: course of
infection, relapse and immunity to reinfection in the pigeon. Zeitschrift fr
Parasitenkunde 57:229-236.
---. 1978. Studies of growth and development of gametocytes in {IHaemoproteus}
{Icolumbae} Kruse. Journal of Protozoology 25:174-177.
Aho, J. M., and A. O. Bush. 1993. Community richness in parasites of some
freshwater fishes from North America, pp. 185-193. {IIn} R. E. Ricklefs and D.
Schluter (eds.), Species Diversity in Ecological Communities: historical and
geographical perspectives, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Ainley, D. G., C. A. Ribic, and R. C. Wood. 1990. A demographic study of the
south polar skua Catharacta maccormicki at Cape Crozier. J. Anim. Ecol. 59:1-
20.
Air, G. M., A. J. Gibbs, W. G. Laver, and R. G. Webster. 1990. Evolutionary
changes in influenza B are not primarily governed by antibody selection.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 87:3884-3888.
Aitken, I. D., and S. H. Parry. 1974. The comparative serological response of
the chicken, pheasant and quail to soluble and a particulate antigen.
Immunology 27:623-629.
Akdas, A., L. Turkeri, Y. Alican, F. Simsek, and T. Akoglu. 1994. Human
leukocyte antigen subtype analysis in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma
of the prostate. Prostate 24:111-113.
Akesson, T. R., and D. G. Raveling. 1984. Endocrine and behavioral correlates of
nesting in Canada geese. Can. J. Zool. 62:845-850.
Akira, S., H. Sugiyama, N. Yoshida, H. Kikutani, Y. Yamamura, and T. Kishimoto.
1983. Isotype Switching in Murine Pre-B Cell Lines. Cell 34:545-556.
Al-Agidi, S. K. 1980. Serum immunoglobulin levels in Iraqi twins. Human Biology
52:393-399.
Alatalo, R. V., L. Gustafsson, and A. Lundberg. 1982. Hybridization and breeding
success of collared and pied flycatchers on the island of Gotland. Auk 99:
285-291.
---. 1986. Interspecific competition and niche changes in tits (Parus Spp.).:
Evaluation on nonexperimental data. Am. Nat. 127:819-834.
Alatalo, R., V, D. Eriksson, L. Gustafsson, and A. Lundberg. 1990. Hybridization
between Pied and Collared flycatchers - sexual selection and speciation
theory. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 3:375-389.
Alatalo, R., V, K. Gottlander, and A. Lundberg. 1988. Conflict or cooperation
between parents in feeding nestlings in the pied flycatcher Ficedula
hypoleuca. Orn. Scand. 19:31-34.
Alatalo, R., V, L. Gustafsson, and A. Lundberg. 1990. Phenotypic selection on
heritable size traits: environmental variance and genetic response. Am. Nat.
135:464-471.
Alberts, S. C., and C. Ober. 1993. Genetic variability in the major
histocompatibility complex: a review of non-pathogen-meditated selective
mechanisms. Year. Phys. Anthropol. 36:71-89.
Aldhous, P. 1989. The effects of individual cross-fostering on the development
of intrasexual kin discrimination in male laboratory mice, Mus musculus L.
Anim. Behav. 37:741-750.
Aldrich, J. W., and F. C. James. 1991. Ecogeographic variation in the American
robin (Turdus migratorius). Auk 108:230-249.
Aldrich, T. W., and D. G. Raveling. 1983. Effects of experience and body weight
on incubation behavior of Canada geese. Auk 100:670-679.
Alerstam, T., and G. Hogstedt. 1981. Evolution of hole-nesting in birds. Orn.
Scand. 12:188-193.
---. 1982. Bird migration and reproduction in relation to habitats for survival
and breeding. Orn. Scand. 13:25-37.
---. 1984. How important is clutch size dependent adult mortality? Oikos 43:253-
254.
---. 1985. Sheltered nesting in birds: a reply to Greenwood and an evaluation of
the Canadian avifauna. Orn. Scand. 16:158-162.
Alexander, J., and W. H. Stimson. 1988. Sex hormones and the course of parasitic
infection. Parasit. Today 4:189-193.
Alexander, S. A. 1983. Variation in egg weights of lesser snow geese. BSc,
Queen's University.
Alisauskas, R. T. 1986. Variation in the composition of the eggs and chicks of
American coots. Condor 88:84-90.
---. 1988. Nutrient reserves of lesser snow geese during winter and spring
migration. PhD, University of Western Ontario.
Alisauskas, R. T., and C. D. Ankney. 1987. Age-related variation in the nutrient
reserves of breeding American coots (Fulica americana). Can. J. Zool. 65:
2417-2420.
---. 1990. Body size and fecundity in lesser snow geese. Auk 107:440-443.
Alisauskas, R. T., C. D. Ankney, and E. E. Klaas. 1988. Winter diets and
nutrition of midcontinental lesser snow geese. Journal of Wildlife Management
52:403-414.
Allan, R. A., and J. L. Mahrt. 1989. Influence of transmission period on primary
and relapse patterns of infection {ILeucocytozoon} spp. and {IHaemoproteus}
{Imansoni}. American Midland Naturalist 121:341-349.
Allander, K. 1997. Reproductive investment and parasite susceptibility in the
great tit. Func. Ecol. 11:358-364.
Allander, K., and G. F. Bennett. 1994. Prevalence and intensity of hematozoan
infection in a population of great tits {IParus major} from Gotland, Sweden.
Journal of Avian Biology 25:69-74.
Allen, J. L. 1988. An overview of avian serum chemical profiles. {IIn} E. R.
Jacobson and G. V. Kollias (eds.), Exotic animals, current issues in small
animal practice, vol. 9, Churchill Livingstone, New York.
Allen, P. M., B. P. Babbitt, and E. R. Unanue. 1987. T-cell recognition of
lysozyme: The biochemical basis of presentation. Immunol. Rev. 98:171-187.
Allen, R. A., and J. L. Mahrt. 1989. Influence of transmission period on primary
and relapse infection of {ILeucocytozoon} spp. and {IHaemoproteus} {Imansoni}.
American Midland Naturalist 121:341-349.
Allen, R. L. 1983. Haemoglobins. {IIn} B. M. Freeman (ed.), Physiology and
biochemistry of the domestic fowl, vol. 4, Academic, London.
Allison, A. C. 1964. Polymorphism and Natural Selection in Human Populations.
cold spring harbor-symposia on quantitative biology 29:137-149.
Alonso, J. C., V. Huecas, J. A. Alonso, M. Abelenda, R. Munoz-Pulido, and M. L.
Puerta. 1991. Hematology and blood chemistry of adult white storks (Ciconia
ciconia). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 98A:395-397.
Alonso-Alvarez, C., M. Ferrer, and A. Velando. 2002. The plasmatic index of body
condition in yellow-legged gulls {ILarus cachinnans}: a food-controlled
experiment. Ibis 144:147-149.
Alonso-Alvarez, C., and J. L. Tella. 2001. Effects of experimental food
restriction and body-mass changes on the avian T-cell-mediated immune
response. Can. J. Zool. 79:101-105.
Alper, C. A., A. L. Awdeh, D. D. Raun, and E. J. Yunis. 1985. Possible human
analogues of the murine T/t complex. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 2:125-136.
Altmann, D. M. 1992. HLA-DQ associations with autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity
14:79-83.
Altukhov, Y. P. 1985. Two kinds of genetic variability and the problem of
speciation. Evolution 39:223-226.
Alves, M. A. S. 1997. Effects of ectoparasites on the sand martin {IRiparia}
{Iriparia} nestlings. Ibis 139:494-496.
Amar, E. C., V. Kiron, S. Satoh, N. Okamoto, and T. Watanabe. 2000. Effects of
dietary beta-carotene on the immune response of rainbow trout {IOncorhynchus}
{Imykiss}. Fisheries Science 66:1068-1075.
Amat, J. 1987. Is nest parasitism among ducks advantageous to the host? Am. Nat.
103:454-457.
Amat, J. A. 1987. Infertile eggs: a reproductive cost to female dabbling ducks
inhabiting unpredictable habitats. Wildfowl 38:114-116.
Ambrosius, H., and D. Hadge. 1987. Chicken immunoglobulins. Vet. Immunol.
Immunopathol. 17:57-67.
Amor, M., M. Tosi, C. Duponchel, M. Steinmetz, and T. Meo. 1985. Proc. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 82:4453.
Amundsen, T., and T. Slagsvold. 1991. Asynchronous hatching in the pied
flycatcher: an experiment. Ecology 72:797-804.
Amundsen, T., and J. N. Stokland. 1990. Egg size and parental quality influence
nestling growth in the shag. Auk 107:410-413.
Andersen, D. E. 1990. Nest-defense behavior of Red-tailed Hawks. Condor 92:991-
997.
Anderson, D. J. 1990. Evolution of obligate siblicide in boobies. 1. A test of
the insurance-egg hypothesis. Am. Nat. 135:334-350.
---. 1990. Evolution ofobligate siblicide in boobies 2: food limitation and
parent-offspring conflict. Evolution 44:2069-2082.
Anderson, D. J., J. Reeve, and D. M. Bird. 1997. Sexually dimorphic eggs,
nestling growth and sibling competition in American kestrels {IFalco}
{Isparverius}. Func. Ecol. 11:331-335.
Anderson, D. J., J. Reeve, J. E. M. Gomez, W. W. Weathers, S. Hutson, H. V.
Cunningham, and D. M. Bird. 1993. Sexual size dimorphism and food
requirements of nestling birds. Can. J. Zool. 71:2541-2545.
Anderson, D. J., and R. E. Ricklefs. 1987. Radio-tracking masked and blue-footed
boobies in the Galapagos Islands. National Geographic Research 3:152-163.
---. 1992. Brood size and provisioning in masked a blue-footed boobies (Sula
spp.). Ecology 73:1363-1374.
---. 1992. Brood size and food provisioning in masked and blue-footed boobies
({ISula} spp.). Ecology 73:1363-1374.
Anderson, R. M. 1991. Populations and infectious diseases: ecology or
epidemiology? J. Anim. Ecol. 60:1-50.
Anderson, R. M., and R. M. May. 1979. Population biology of infectious diseases.
Nature 280:361-367.
---. 1983. Vaccination against rubella and measles: quantitative investigations
of different policies. Journal of Hygiene 90:259-325.
---. 1991. Infectious diseases of humans:dynamics and control. Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
Anderson, R. M., R. M. May, M. C. Boily, G. P. Garnett, and J. T. Rowley. 1989.
The spread of HIV-1 in Africa: sexual contact patterns and the predicted
demographic impact of AIDS. Nature 352:581-589.
Anderson, S., A. T. Bankier, B. G. Barrell, M. H. L. De Bruijn, A. R. Coulson,
J. Drouin, I. C. Eperon, D. P. Nierlich, B. A. Roe, F. Sanger, P. H.
Schreier, A. J. H. Smith, R. Staden, and I. G. Young. 1981. Sequence and
organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature 290:457-465.
Andersson, G., D. Larhammar, E. Widmark, B. Servenius, P. A. Peterson, and L.
Rask. 1987. Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 262:8748-8758.
Andersson, L., K. Gustafsson, A. K. Jonsson, and L. Rask. 1991. Concerted
evolution in a segment of the first domain exon of polymorphic MHC class II
beta loci. Immunogenetics 33:235-242.
Andersson, L., S. Paabo, and L. Rask. 1987. Is allograft rejection a clue to the
mechanism promoting MHC polymorphism? Immunol. Today 8:206-209.
Andersson, L., S. Sigurdardottir, C. Borsch, and K. Gustafsson. 1991. Evolution
of MHC polymorphism: extensive sharing of polymorphic sequence motifs between
human and bovine DRB alleles. Immunogenetics 33:188-193.
Andersson, S. 1992. Female preference for long tails in lekking Jackson's
widowbirds: experimental evidence. Anim. Behav. 43:379-388.
Andreasan, V., and F. B. Christiansen. 1993. Disease-induced natural selection
in a diploid host. Theor. Pop. Biol. 44:261-298.
Andren, H. 1991. Predation: an overrated factor for over-dispersion of birds'
nests? Anim. Behav. 41:1063-1069.
---. 1992. Corvid density and nest predation in relation to forest
fragmentation: a landscape perspective. Ecology 73:794-804.
Angelini, G., G. Morozzi, L. Delfino, C. Pera, M. Falco, R. Marcolongo, S.
Giannelli, G. Ratti, S. Ricci, G. Fanetti, et al. 1992 Jun. Analysis of HLA
DP, DQ, and DR alleles in adult Italian rheumatoid arthritis patients. Hum.
Immunol. 34:135-141.
Angelini, H., T. L. Bugawan, L. Delfino, H. A. Erlich, and H. Ferrara. 1989.
HLA-DP typing by DNA amplification and hybridization with specific
oligonucleotides. Hum. Immunol. 26:169-177.
Angelstam, P. 1986. Predation on ground-nesting birds' nests in relation to
predator densities and habitat edge. Oikos 47:365-373.
Ankney, C. D. 1975. Neckbands contribute to starvation in female lesser snow
geese. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:825-826.
---. 1977. Male size and mate selection in lesser snow geese. Evol. Theor. 3:
143-147.
---. 1979. Does wing molt cause nutritional stress in lesser snow geese? Auk 96:
68-72.
---. 1980. Egg weight, survival, and growth of lesser snow goose goslings.
Journal of Wildlife Management 44:174-182.
---. 1984. Nutrient reserve dynamics of breeding and molting brant. Auk 101:361-
370.
Ankney, C. D., and A. D. Afton. 1988. Bioenergetics of breeding norther
shovelers: diet, nutrient reserves, clutch size, and incubation. Condor 90:
459-472.
Ankney, C. D., A. D. Afton, and R. T. Alisauskas. 1991. The role of nutrient
reserves in limiting waterfowl reproduction. Condor 93:1029-1032.
Ankney, C. D., and R. T. Alisauskas. 1991. Nutrient-reserve dynamics and diet of
breeding female gadwalls. Condor 93:799-810.
Ankney, C. D., and A. R. Bisset. 1976. An explanation of egg-weight variation in
the lesser snow goose. Journal of Wildlife Management 40:729-734.
Ankney, C. D., D. G. Dennis, and R. C. Bailey. 1987. Increasing mallards,
decreasing American black ducks: coincidence or cause and effect? Journal of
Wildlife Management 51:523-529.
Ankney, C. D., and C. D. MacInnes. 1978. Nutrient reserves and reproductive
performance of female lesser snow geese. Auk 95:459-471.
Anscombe, F. J. 1948. The transformation of Poisson, binomial and negative-
binomial data. Biometrika 35:246-254.
Anthony, R. M., P. L. Flint, and J. S. Sedinger. 1991. Arctic fox removal
improves nest success of black brant. Wild. Soc. Bull. 19:176-184.
Antia, R. et al. 1993. Parasite evolution in response to immunological defenses.
{IIn} D. Futuyma and J. Antonovics (eds.), Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary
Biology, vol. 9, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Antoni, M. H., and K. Goodkin. 1996. Cervical neoplasia, human papilloma virus
and psychoneuroimmunology, pp. 243-262. {IIn} H. Friedman, T. W. Klein and A. L.
Freidman (eds.), Psychoneuroimmunology, stress, and infection, CRC Press,
Boca Raton.
Antonovics, J., and N. C. Ellstrand. 1984. Experimental studies of the
evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction: I. A test of the frequency-
dependent selection hypothesis. Evolution 38:103-115.
Apanius, V. 1991. Blood parasitism, immunity and reproduction in American
kestrels {IFalco sparverius} L. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
---. 1993. Blood parasitism, immunity and reproduction in American kestrels
({IFalco sparverius}), pp. 117-125. {IIn} M. K. Nicholls and R. Clarke (eds.),
Biology and Conservation of Small Falcons, Zoological Society of London,
London.
---. 1998. Ontogeny of immune function, pp. 203-222. {IIn} J. M. Starck and R. E.
Ricklefs (eds.), Avian Growth and Development: Evolution within the
Altricial-Precocial Spectrum, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
---. in press. Stress and immune defense. {IIn} P. J. B. Slater, J. S. Rosenblatt,
C. T. Snowden and M. Milinski (eds.), Advances in the Study of Behavior,
Academic Press, San Diego.
Apanius, V., and C. E. Kirkpatrick. 1988. Preliminary report of {UHaemoproteus}
{Utinnunculi} infection in breeding population of American kestrels ({UFalco}
{Usparverius}). J. Wildl. Dis. 24:150-153.
Apanius, V., D. Penn, P. R. Slev, L. R. Ruff, and W. K. Potts. 1997. The nature
of selection on the major histocompatibility complex. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 17:
179-224.
Apanius, V., and G. A. Schad. 1994. Host behavior and the flow of parasites
through host populations, pp. 115-128. {IIn} M. E. Scott and G. Smith (eds.),
Parasitic and Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Ecology, Academic Press,
San Diego.
Apanius, V., S. A. Temple, and M. Bale. 1983. Serum proteins of wild turkey
vultures ({ICarthartes} {Iaura}). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 76B:907-913.
Aparicio, J. M. R., A. Wakisaka, A. Takada, N. Matsuura, and M. Aizawa. 1988.
HLA-DQ system and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Japanese: does it
contribute to the development of IDDM as it does in Caucasians?
Immunogenetics 28:240-246.
Appelberg, R., and A. M. Sarmento. 1990. The role of macrophage activation and
of Bcg-encoded macrophage function(s) in the control of Mycobacterium avium
infection in mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 80:324-331.
Apple, R. J., H. A. Erlich, W. Klitz, M. M. Manos, T. M. Becker, and C. M.
Wheeler. 1994. HLA DR-DQ associations with cervical carcinoma show
papillomavirus-type specificity. Nat. Genet. 6:157-162.
Appleby, B. M., M. A. Anwar, and S. J. Petty. 1999. Short-term and long-term
effects of food supply on parasite burdens in tawny owls, {IStrix aluco}. Func.
Ecol. 13:315-321.
Applegate, J. E. 1970. Population changes in latent avian malaria infections
associated with season and corticosterone treatment. J. Parasitol. 56:439-
443.
Applegate, J. E., and R. L. Beaudoin. 1970. Mechanism of spring relapse in avian
malaria: effect of gonadotropin and corticosterone. J. Wildl. Dis. 6:443-447.
Arad, Z., U. Midtgard, and M. H. Bernstein. 1989. Thermoregulation in turkey
vultures: vascular anatomy, arteriovenous heat exchange, and behavior. Condor
91:505-514.
Arcese, P., J. N. M. Smith, W. M. Hochachka, C. M. Rogers, and D. Ludwig. 1992.
Stability, regulation, and the determination of abundance in an insular song
sparrow population. Ecology 73:805-822.
Arden, B., and J. Klein. 1982. Biochemical comparison of major
histocompatibility complex molecules from different subspecies of Mus
musculus: Evidence for trans-specific evolution of alleles.
79:2342.
Arden, B., J. L. Klotz, G. Siu, and L. E. Hood. 1985. Diversity and structure of
genes of the family of mouse T-cell antigen receptor. Nature 316:783-787.
Arden, B., E. K. Wakeland, and J. Klein. 1980. Structural comparisons of
serologically indistinguishable H-2K-encoded antigens from inbred and wild
mice. J. Immunol. 125:2424-2428.
---. 1982. Minor structural variants of H-2K-controlled molecules in wild mice.
Immunogenetics 16:491-493.
Arnaiz-Villena, A. 1993 Jan. MHC research: fast forward. Immunol. Today 14:3-5.
Arneberg, O., I. Folstad, and A. J. Karter. 1996. Gastrintestinal nematodes
depress food intake in naturally occurring reindeer. Parasitology 112:213-
219.
Arneberg, P., A. Skorping, B. Grenfall, and A. F. Read. 1998. Host densities as
determinants of abundance in parasite communities. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B
Biol. Sci. 265:1283-1289.
Arneberg, P., A. Skorping, and A. F. Read. 1998. Parasite abundance, body size,
life histories and the energetic equivalence rules. Am. Nat. 151:497-513.
Arnold, S. J. 1983. Morphology, performance and fitness. American Zoologist 23:
347-361.
---. 1987. Genetic correlation and the evolution of physiology. New directions
in ecological physiology. {IIn} M. E. H. Feder, A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren
and R. B. Huey (eds.), New directions in ecological physiology, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
Arnold, T. W. 1991. Intraclutch variation in egg size of American coots. Condor
93:19-27.
Arnold, T. W., R. T. Alisauskas, and C. D. Ankney. 1991. Egg composition of
American coots in relation to habitat, year, laying date, cutch size, and
supplemental feeding. Auk 108:532-547.
Arnold, T. W., and F. C. Rohwer. 1991. Do egg formation costs limit clutch size
in waterfowl? - A skeptical view. Condor 93:1032-1038.
Arnold, T. W., F. C. Rohwer, and T. Armstrong. 1987. Egg viability, nest
predation, and the adaptive significance of clutch size in prairie ducks. Am.
Nat. 130:643-653.
Arosa, F. A., A. J. da-Silva, I. M. Godinho, J. C. ter-Steege, G. Porto, C. E.
Rudd, and M. de-Sousa. 1994 May. Decreased CD8-p56lck activity in peripheral
blood T-lymphocytes from patients with hereditary haemochromatosis. Scand. J.
Immunol. 39:426-432.
Arthur, L. O., J. W. Bess, R. Sowder, R. E. Benvieniste, L. D. Mann, J. C.
Chermann, and L. E. Henderson. 1992. Cellular proteins bound to
immunodeficiency viruses: implications for pathogenesis and vaccines. Science
258:1935-1938.
Arthur, L. O., J. W. Bess, R. C. SowderII, R. E. Benveniste, D. L. Mann, J.
Chermann, and L. E. Henderson. 1994. Cellular proteins bound to
immunodeficiency viruses: implications for pathogenesis and vaccines. Science
258:1935-1938.
Arveiler, B., I. Oberle, A. Vincent, M. H. Hofker, P. L. Pearson, and J. L.
Mandel. 1988. Genetic mapping of the Xq27-q28 region: new RFLP markers useful
for diagnostic applications in fragile-X and hemophilia- families. Am. J.
Hum. Gen. 42:380-389.
Asakawa, M., and M. Harada. 1989. Faunal and zoogeographical study on the
internal parasites of the Japanese red-backed vole, Eothenomys spp. Bulletin
of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 44:199-210.
Asakawa, M., S. Yamaguchi, R. Fujino, M. Ohbayashi, and H. Hasegawa. 1991. Study
on the helminth fauna of the Japanese wood and field mice, Apodemus spp., on
the Tsushima and Iki Islands. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of
Japan 46:59-68.
Asamoto, H., M. Oishi, and Akazawa. 1986. Histological changes in the thymus and
other organs in NOD mice. In Insulitis and Type I Diabetes. S. Tarui, Y.
Tochino, and K. Nonaka:eds.(Tokyo:AcademicPress),pp.61-82.
Asano, T., Y. Shibasaki, J.-L. Lin, Y. Akanuma, F. Takaku, and Y. Oka. 1989. The
nucleotide sequence of cDNA for a mouse liver-type glucose transporter
protein. Nucleic Acids Research 17:6386.
Ashcroft, R. E. 1976. A function of the pairbond in the common eider. Wildfowl
27:101-105.
---. 1979. Survival rates and breeding biology of puffins on Slomer Island,
Wales. Orn. Scand. 10:100-110.
Ashford, R. W. 1971. Blood parasites and migratory fat at Lake Chad. Ibis 113:
100-101.
Ashford, R. W., E. E. Green, P. R. Holmes, and A. J. Lucas. 1991. {ILeucocytozoon}
{Itoddi} in British sparrowhawks {IAccipiter} {Inisus}: Patterns of infection in
nestlings. Journal of Natural History 25:269-278.
Ashford, R. W., I. Wyllie, and I. Newton. 1990. {ILeucocytozoon toddi} in British
sparrowhawks {IAccipiter nisus}:observations on the dynamics of infection.
Journal of Natural History 24:1101-1107.
Ashida, E. R. Scofield, V.L. 1987. Lymphocytes major histocompatibility complex-
encoded class II structures may act as sperm receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci., U. S. A. 84:3395-3399.
Ashman, R. B. 1987. Mouse candidiasis. II. Host responses are T-cell dependent
and regulated by genes in the major histocompatibility complex.
Immunogenetics 25:200-203.
Ashman, R. B., J. M. Papadimitriou, and A. Fulurija. 1999. Acute susceptibility
of aged mice to infection with Candida albicans. Journal of Medical
Microbiology 48:1095-1102.
Ashwell, J. D., F. W. M. Lu, and M. S. Vacchio. 2000. Glucocorticoids in T cell
development and function. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18:309-345.
Askenmo, C. 1979. Reproductive effort and return rate of male pied flycatchers.
Am. Nat. 114:748-753.
Aslanidis, C., and P. J. De Jong. 1991. Coincidence cloning of Alu PCR products.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 88:6765-6769.
Assaad-Khalil, S. H., M. A. Helmy, A. Zaki, M. M. Mikhail, M. A. el-Hai, and M.
el-Sawy. 1993. Some genetic, clinical and immunologic interrelations in
schistosomiasis mansoni. Ann. Biol. Clin. Paris. 51:619-626.
Astheimer, L. B. 1991. Embryo metabolism and egg neglect in Cassin's auklets.
Condor 93:486-495.
Astheimer, L. B., and C. R. Grau. 1990. A comparison of yolk growth rates in
seabird eggs. Ibis 132:380-394.
Atkinson, C. T. 1986. Host specificity and morphometric variation of
{UHaemoproteus} {Umeleagridis} Levine, 1961 (Protozoa: Haemosporina) in
gallinaceous birds. Can. J. Zool. 64:2634-2638.
---. 1991. Vectors, epizootiology, and pathogenicity of avian species of
{IHaemoproteus} (Haemosporina:Haemoproteidae). Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 16:109-
126.
---. 1991. Sporogonic development of {IHaemoproteus} {Imeleagridis} (Haemosporina:
Haemoproteidae) in {ICulicoides} {Iedeni} (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Can. J. Zool.
69:1880-1888.
Atkinson, C. T., D. J. Forrester, and E. C. Greiner. 1988. Pathogenicity of
{UHaemoproteus} {Umeleagridis} (Haemosporina:Haemoproteidae) in experimentally
infected domestic turkeys. J. Parasitol. 74:228-239.
---. 1988. Epizootiology of {IHaemoproteus} {Imeleagridis} (Protozoa:Haemosporina) in
Florida: seasonal transmission and vector abundance. J. Med. Entomol. 25:45-
51.
Atkinson, M. A., and N. K. Maclaren. 1988. Autoantibodies in nonobese diabetic
mice immunoprecipitate 64,000-Mr islet antigen. Diabetes 37:1587-1590.
Atkinson, M. A., N. K. Maclaren, D. W. Scharp, P. E. Lacy, and W. J. Riley.
1990. 64000 Mr autoantibodies as predictors of insulin-dependent diabetes.
Lancet 335:1357-1360.
Atwal, O. S., L. Z. McFarland, and W. O. Wilson. 1964. Hematology of coturnix
from birth to maturity. Poul. Sci. 43:1392-1401.
Aubin, A. E., E. H. Dunn, and C. D. MacInnes. 1986. Growth of lesser snow geese
on arctic breeding grounds. Condor 88:365-370.
Aubourg, P. R., G. H. J. Sack, and H. W. Moser. 1988. Frequent alterations of
visual pigment genes in adrenoleukodystrophy. Am. J. Hum. Gen. 42:408-413.
Auffray, J. C., F. Vanlerberghe, and J. Britton-Davidian. 1990. The house mouse
progression in Eurasia: a paleontological and archeozoological approach.
Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 41:13-25.
Austad, S. N. 1995. Aging and caloric restriction: human effects and mode of
action. Neurobiol Aging (UNITED STATES) 16:851-2,855-6.
---. 1996. The uses of intraspecific variation in aging research. Exp Gerontol
(ENGLAND) 31:453-463.
---. 1997. Comparative aging and life histories in mammals. Exp Gerontol
(ENGLAND) 32:23-38.
---. 1998. Theories of aging: an overview. Aging (Milano) (ITALY) 10:146-147.
Avery, M., and G. Sherwood. 1982. The lekking behaviour of great snipe. Orn.
Scand. 13:72-78.
Avise, J. C., E. Bermingham, L. G. Kessler, and N. C. Saunders. 1984.
Characterization of mitochondrial DNA variability in a hybrid swarm between
subspecies of bluegill sunfish ({ILepomis} {Imacrochirus}). Evolution 38:931-941.
Avise, J. C., C. Gilbin-Davidson, J. Laerm, J. C. Patton, and R. A. Lansman.
1979. Mitochondrial DNA clones and matriarchal phylogeny within and among
geographic populations of the pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 76:6694-6698.
Avrameus, S. 1991. Natural autoantibodies: from horror autotoxicus to gnothi
seauton. Immunol. Today 12:154-159.
Ayala, F. J., A. Escalante, C. O'Huigin, and J. Klein. 1994. Molecular genetics
of speciation and human origins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 91:6787-
6794.
Ayyar, C. B., D. S. Dandekar, and A. V. Ramachandran. 1995. Seasonal alterations
in transaminases and protein content of liver and gonads of control and
experimental pigeons subjected to adrenocortical excess or insufficiency.
Journal of Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology 7:29-38.
Babbitt, B. P., P. M. Allen, and G. Matsueda. 1985. Binding of immunogenic
peptides to Ia histocompatible molecules. Nature 317:359-361.
Bach, J. F. 1994 Aug. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as an autoimmune
disease. Endocr. Rev. 15:516-542.
Bach, J. F., and S. Caillat-Zucman. 1993. Genetics of autoimmune endocrine
diseases. Springer. Semin. Immunopathol. 14:239-252.
Bacon, L. D. 1987. Influence of the MHC on disease resistance and productivity.
Poul. Sci. 66:802-811.
---. 1992. Measurement of immune competence in chickens. Poul. Sci. Rev. 4:187-
195.
Bacon, L. D., and R. R. Dietert. 1991. Genetic control of cell-mediated immunity
in chickens. Poul. Sci. 70:1187-1199.
Bacon, L. D., J. H. Kite, and N. R. Rose. 1974. Relationship between the major
histocompatability (B) locus and autoimmune disease in Obese chickens.
Science 186:274-999.
Baekkeskov, S., H.-J. Aanstoot, S. Christgau, A. Reetz, M. Solimena, M.
Cascalho, F. Folli, H. Richter-Olesen, and P. De Camilli. 1990.
Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the
GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamine acid decarboxylase. Nature 347:151-156.
Baekkeskov, S., J. H. Nielson, B. Marner, T. Bilde, J. Ludvigsson, and A.
Lernmark. 1982. Autoantibodies in newly diagnosed diabetic children
immunoprecipitate human pancreatic islet cell proteins. Nature 298:167-169.
Bailey, D. W. 1981. Recombinant inbred strains and bilineal congenic strains. In
The Mouse in Biomedical Research. Vol. 1. History, Genetics, and Wild Mice.
H.L. Foster, J.D. Small, and J.G. Fox:eds.(NewYork:AcademicPress),pp.223-239.
Bailey, T. A., U. Wernery, J. Howlett, J. Naldo, and J. H. Samour. 1998. Age-
related plasma chemistry findings in the buff-crested bustard ({IEupodotis}
{Iruficrista gindiana}). J. Vet. Med. B 45:635-640.
---. 1999. Age-related plasma chemistry changes in houbara and kori bustards in
the United Arab Emirates. J. Wildl. Dis. 35:31-37.
Bailey, T. A., U. Wernery, J. Naldo, J. Howlett, and J. H. Samour. 1998. Normal
blood chemistry and age-related changes in the white-bellied bustard
({IEupodotis senegalensis}), with some clinical observations. Comparative
Hematology International 8:61-65.
Baillie, S. R., and H. Milne. 1982. The influence of female age on breeding in
the eider Somateria mollissima. Bird Study 29:55-66.
Baker, A. E. M. 1981. Gene flow in house mice: behaviour in a population cage.
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 8:83-90.
Baker, A. J., M. K. Peck, and M. A. Goldsmith. 1990. Genetic and morphometric
differentiation in introduced populations of common chaffinches (Fringilla
coelebs) in New Zealand. Condor 92:76-88.
Baker, J. R. 1956. Studies on Trypanosoma avium Danilewsky 1885 III. Life cycle
in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Parasitology 46:335-352.
---. 1956. Studies on {ITrypanosoma} {Iavium} Danilewsky 1885 I. Incidence in some
birds of Hertfordshire. Parasitology 46:308-320.
---. 1975. Biology of trypanosomes of birds, pp. 131-174. {IIn} W. H. R. Lumsden
(ed.), Biology of the Kinetoplastida, Academic Press, London.
Bakken, G. S. 1992. Measurement and application of operative and standard
operative temperatures in ecology. American Zoologist 32:194-216.
Bakker, N. P., M. G. van-Erck, N. Otting, N. M. Lardy, R. C. Noort, B. A. 't-
Hart, M. Jonker, and R. E. Bontrop. 1992 Apr 1. Resistance to collagen-
induced arthritis in a nonhuman primate species maps to the major
histocompatibility complex class I region. Journal of Experimental Medicine
175:933-937.
Balasch, J., S. Musquera, L. Palacios, M. Jimenez, and J. Palomeque. 1976.
Comparative hematology of some falconiforms. Condor 78:258-273.
Balasch, J., J. Palomeque, L. Palacios, S. Musquera, and M. Jimenez. 1974.
Hematological values of some great flying and aquatic-diving birds. Comp.
Biochem. Physiol. 49A:137-145.
Baldwin, S. P., H. C. Oberholser, and L. G. Worley. 1931. Measurements of Birds,
Vol. 2. Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland.
Balgooyen, T. G. 1972. Behavior and ecology of the American kestrel ({IFalco}
{Isparverius} L.) in the Sierra Nevada of California. University of California
Publications in Zoology 103:1-83.
Ball, T. 1983. The migration of geese as an indicator of climate change in the
southern Hudson Bay region between 1715 and 1851. Clim. Change 5:85-93.
Ballabeni, P., and P. I. Ward. 1993. Local adaptation of the trematode
{IDiplostomum} {Iphoxini} to the European minnow {IPhoxinus} {Iphoxinus}, its second
intermediate host. Func. Ecol. 7:84-90.
Balthazart, J., and E. Schoffeniels. 1979. Pheromones are involved in the
control of sexual behaviour in birds. Naturwissenschaften 66:55-56.
Banbura, J., and P. Zielinski. 1990. Within-clutch repeatability of egg
dimensions in the black-headed gull, Larus ridibundus. J. Orn. 131:305-310.
Bancroft, G. T. 1985. The influence of total next failure and partial losses on
the evolution of asynchronous hatching. Am. Nat. 126:495-504.
Bancroft, G. T., A. M. Strong, R. J. Sawicki, W. Hoffman, and S. D. Jewell.
1994. Relationships among wading bird foraging patterns, colony locations,
and hydrology in the Everglades, pp. 615-657. {IIn} S. M. Davis and J. C. Ogden
(eds.), Everglades: the ecosystem and its restoration, St Lucie Press, Delray
Beach Florida.
Banic, D. M., P. Delplace, C. Mazingue, and D. Camus. 1994. H-2{B} restriction of
the immune response to the p126 {IPlasmodium falciparum} antigen. Clin. Exp.
Immunol. 95:472-478.
Barber, I., S. A. Arnott, V. A. Braithwaite, J. Andrew, and F. A. Huntingford.
2001. Indirect fitness consequences of mate choice in sticklebacks: offspring
of brighter males grow slowly but resist parasitic infections. Pro. Roy. Soc.
Lond. B Biol. Sci. 268:71-76.
Barbet, A. F., and S. M. Kamper. 1993. The importance of mosaic genes to
trypanosome survival. Parasit. Today 9:63-66.
Barbosa, A., S. Merino, F. de Lope, and A. P. Moller. 2002. Effects of feather
lice on flight behavior of male barn swallows ({IHirundo rustica}). Auk 119:213-
216.
Barbosa, A., and A. P. Moller. 1999. Aerodynamic costs of long tails in male
barn swallows {IHirundo rustica} and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism.
Behav. Ecol. 10:128-135.
Barger, I. A. 1993. Influence of sex and reproductive status on susceptibility
of ruminants to nematode parasitism. Int. J. Parasitol. 23:463-469.
Barinaga, M. 1992. Viruses launch their own 'star wars' (Research News). Science
258:1730-1731.
Barja, G., S. Cadenas, C. Rojas, M. LopezTorres, and R. PerezCampo. 1994. A
decrease of free radical production near critical targets as a cause of
maximum longevity in animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B
Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 108:501-512.
Barker, D., P. Green, R. G. Knowlton, J. W. Schumm, A. Oliphant, E. S. Lander,
F. Akots, V. A. Brown, T. Gravius, C. Helms, C. Nelson, C. Parker, K.
Rediker, and H. Donis-Keller. 1987. Genetic linkage map of human chromosome 7
with 60 DNA markers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 84:8006-8010.
Barker, J. N. 1994 May. The immunopathology of psoriasis. Baillieres. Clin.
Rheumatol. 8:429-438.
Barker, R. J., J. E. Hines, and J. D. Nichols. 1991. Effect of hunting on annual
survival of grey ducks in New Zealand. Journal of Wildlife Management 55:260-
265.
Barlow, N. D. 1996. The ecology of wildlife disease-control simple- models
revisited. J. Appl. Ecol. 33:303-314.
Barnard, C. J., and J. M. Behnke, eds. 1990. Parasitism and host behavior.
Taylor and Francis, London.
Barnard, C. J., J. M. Behnke, A. R. Gage, H. Brown, and P. R. Smithurst. 1998.
Maternal effects on the development of social rank and immunity trade-offs in
male laboratory mice ({IMus musculus}). Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 265:
2087-2093.
Barnard, C. J., and J. Fitzsimons. 1988. Kin recognition and mate choice in
mice: the effects of kinship, familiarity and social interference on
intersexual interaction. Anim. Behav. 36:1078-1090.
Barnard, W. H., and R. D. Bair. 1986. Prevalence of avian hematozoa in central
Vermont. J. Wildl. Dis. 22:365-374.
Barnett, C. B., S. D. Burt, M. C. Graham, P. A. Warren, J. J. Skehel, and B.
Thomas. 1989. I-Ad restricted T cell recognition of influenza hemagglutinin
Synthetic peptides identify multiple epitopes corresponding to antibody-
binding regions of the HA1 subunit. J. Immunol. 143:2663.
Barney, N. P., and C. S. Foster. 1993 Spring. Atopic ocular disease. Int.
Ophthalmol. Clin. 33:87-92.
Barnwal, R. K., and S. R. Paul. 1988. Analysis of one-way layout of count data
with negative binomial variation. Biometrika 75:215-222.
Barrat, F., B. Lesourd, H. J. Boulouis, and C. Pilet. 1999. Vieillissement et
Systeme immunitaire Quelques aspects experimentaux. Bulletin de Academie
Nationale de Medecine 183:1137-1151.
Barrett, M., A. D. Milton, J. Barrett, D. Taube, M. Bewick, V. P. Parsons, and
J. W. Fabre. 1987. Needle biopsy evaluation of class II major
histocompatibility complex antigen expression for the differential diagnosis
of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity from kidney graft rejection. Transplant. 44:
223-237.
Barrett, R. T., T. Anker-Nilssen, F. Rikardsen, K. Valde, N. Rov, and W. Vader.
1987. The food, growth and fledging success of Norwegian puffin chicks
Fratercula arctica in 1980-1983. Orn. Scand. 18:73-83.
Barrett, R. T., and O. J. Runde. 1980. Growth and survival of nestling
kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in Norway. Orn. Scand. 11:228-235.
Barron, K. S., E. D. Silverman, J. C. Gonzales, M. St.-Clair, K. Anderson, and
J. D. Reveille. 1992 Nov. Major histocompatibility complex class II alleles
in Kawasaki syndrome--lack of consistent correlation with disease or cardiac
involvement. J. Rheumatol. 19:1790-1793.
Barrowclough, G. F. 1980. Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in a wood
warbler (Genus {IDendroica}) hybrid zone. Auk 97:655-668.
Barry, J. D., and C. M. R. Turner. 1991. The dynamics of antigenic variation and
the growth of trypanosomes. Parasit. Today 7:207-211.
Bart, J. 1990. Male care, mate switching, and future reproductive success in a
double-brooded passerine. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26:307-313.
Bart, J., and D. S. Robson. 1982. Estimating survivorship when the subjects are
visited periodically. Ecology 63:1078-1090.
Barth, R. K., B. S. Kim, N. C. Lan, T. Hunkapiller, N. Sobieck, A. Winoto, H.
Gershenfeld, C. Okada, D. Hansburg, I. L. Weissman, and L. Hood. 1985. The
murine T-cell receptor uses a limited repertoire of expressed V gene
segments. Nature 316:517-523.
Bartl, S., and I. L. Weissman. 1994 Jan 4. Isolation and characterization of
major histocompatibility complex class IIB genes from the nurse shark. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 91:262-266.
Barton, N. H. 1979. The dynamics of hybrid zones. Heredity 43:341-359.
Barton-Nigel, W. H., and D. C. Houston. 1993. A comparison of digestive
efficiency in birds of prey. Ibis 135:363-371.
Barua, A., and Y. Yoshimura. 1999. Effects of aging and sex steroids on the
localization of T cell subsets in the ovary of chicken, Gallus domesticus.
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 114:28-35.
Barzen, J. A., and J. R. Serie. 1990. Nutrient reserve dynamics of breeding
canvasbacks. Auk 107:75-85.
Barzilai, N., and G. Gupta. 1999. Revisiting the role of eat mass in the life
extension induced by caloric restriction. Journals of Gerontology Series A-
Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 54:89-96.
Basco, P. S., M. E. Rashotte, and F. K. Stephan. 1996. Photoperiod duration and
energy balance in the pigeon. Physiol. Behav. 60:151-159.
Basta, P. V., P. A. Sherman, and J. P. Ting. 1987. Identification of an
interferon-gamma response region 5' of the human histocompatibility leukocyte
antigen DR alpha chain gene which is active in human glioblastoma multiforme
lines. J. Immunol. 138:1275-1280.
Bastin, J., J. Rothbard, J. Davey, L. Jones, and A. Townsend. 1987. Use of
synthetic peptides of influenza nucleoprotein todefine epitopes recognized by
class-I restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 165:1508.
Bates, G. P., B. J. Wainwright, R. Williamson, and S. D. M. Brown. 1986.
Microdissection and microcloning from the short arm of human chromosome 2.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:3826-3830.
Bateson, P. 1991. Preferences for cousins in Japanese quail. Nature 999:999.
Bateson, P. P. G. 1978. Sexual imprinting and optimal outbreeding. Nature 273:
659-660.
Batt, B. J., and H. H. Prince. 1978. Some reproductive parameters of mallards in
relation to age, captivity, and geographic origin. Journal of Wildlife
Management 42:834-842.
Batten, C. A., and R. J. Berry. 1967. Prenatal mortality in wild-caught house
mice. J. Anim. Ecol. 36:453-463.
Batuman, O. A., D. Sajewski, J. E. Ottenweller, D. L. Pitman, and B. H.
Natelson. 1990. Effects of repeated stress on T cell numbers and function in
rats. Brain Behav. Immun. 4:105-117.
Baum, H., P. Butler, H. Davies, M. J. Sternberg, and A. K. Burroughs. 1993 Apr.
Autoimmune disease and molecular mimicry: an hypothesis. Trends. Biochem.
Sci. 18:140-144.
Baum, H., H. Davies, and M. Peakman. 1996. Molecular mimicry in the MHC: hidden
clues to autoimmunity? Immunol. Today 17:64-70.
Bayliss, P. 1989. Population dynamics of magpie geese in relation to rainfall
and density: implications for harvest models in a fluctuating environment. J.
Appl. Ecol. 26:913-924.
Bazan, J. F. 1992. Unraveling the structure of IL-2. Science 257:410-412.
Bazely, D. R., and R. L. Jefferies. 1985. Goose faeces: a source of nitrogen for
plant growth. J. Appl. Ecol. 22:693-703.
---. 1986. Changes in the composition and production of salt-marsh plant
communities in response to the removal of a grazer. J. Ecol. 74:693-706.
---. 1989. Lesser snow geese and the nitrogen economy of a grazed salt marsh. J.
Ecol. 77:24-34.
Bazley, D. R. 1989. Assessing the impact of goose grazing on vegetation in the
arctic. Ibis 130:301-302.
Bazley, D. R., P. J. Ewins, and R. H. McCleery. 1991. Possible effects of local
enrichment by gulls on feeding-site selection by wintering Barnacle geese
Branta leucopsis. Ibis 133:111-114.
Bazley, D. R., and R. L. Jefferies. 1989. Lesser snow geese and the nitrogen
economy of a grazed salt marsh. J. Ecol. 77:24-34.
Beall, G. 1942. The transformation of data from entomological field experiments
so that the analysis of varaince becomes applicable. Biometrika 32:243-262.
Beardsmore, J. A., and F. Karimi-Boosheheri. 1983. ABO genes are differentially
distributed in socio-economic groups in England. Nature 303:522-524.
Beasley, B. A. 1986. The effect of plumage coloration on the thermoregulatory
abilities of lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) goslings.
MSc, University of Western Ontario.
Beasley, B. A., and C. D. Ankney. 1988. The effect of plumage color on the
thermoregulatory abilities of lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens
caerulescens) goslings. Can. J. Zool. 66:1352-1358.
Beauchamp, G. K., K. Yamazaki, J. Bard, and E. A. Boyse. 1988. Preweaning
experience in the control of mating preferences by genes in the major
histocompatibility complex of the mouse. Behav. Genet. 18:537-546.
Beauchamp, G. K., K. Yamazaki, and E. A. Boyse. 1985. The chemosensory
recognition of genetic individuality. Sci. Am. 253:86-92.
Beauchamp, G. K., K. Yamazaki, H. Duncan, J. Bard, and E. A. Boyse. 1990.
Genetic determination of individual mouse odor, pp. 244-254. {IIn} D. W.
MacDonald, D. Mller-Schwarze and S. E. Natynczuk (eds.), Chemical Signals in
Vertebrates V, Oxford Science Publishers, Oxford.
Beauchamp, G. K., K. Yamazaki, H. Duncan, J. Bard, E. A. Boyse, and 1990.
Genetic determination of individual mouse odour Chemical Signals in
Vertebrates V. D.W. MacDonald and G.O. Loooooooook. Oxford University Press
Oxford:244-253.
Beauchamp, G. K., K. Yamazaki, C. J. Wysocki, B. M. Slotnick, L. Thomas, and E.
Boyse. 1985. Chemosensory recognition of mouse major histocompatibility types
by another species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 82:4186-4188.
Beaudoin, R. L., J. E. Applegate, D. E. Davis, and R. G. McLean. 1971. A model
for the ecology of avian malaria. J. Wildl. Dis. 7:5-13.
Bech, C., R. Brent, P. F. Pedersen, J. G. Rasmussen, and K. Johansen. 1982.
Temperature regulation in chicks of the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus.
Orn. Scand. 13:206-210.
Beck, K. 1984. Coevolution: mathematical analysis of host-parasite interactions.
J. Math. Biol. 19:63-77.
Beck, S., and B. G. Barrell. 1988. Human cytomegalovirus encodes a glycoprotein
homologous to MHC class-I antigens. Nature 331:269-272.
Bednarz, J. C., and T. J. Hayden. 1991. Skewed brood sex ratio and sex-biased
hatching sequence in Harris' hawks. Am. Nat. 137:116-132.
Beecher, M. D. 1982. Signature systems and kin recognition. Am. Zoologist 22:
477-490.
Beehler, B. M., and M. S. Foster. 1988. Hotshots, hotspots, and female
preference in the organization of lek mating systems. Am. Nat. 131:203-219.
Beer, A. E. 1986. New horizons in the diagnosis, evaluation and therapy of
recurrent spontaneous abortion. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 13:115-124.
---. 1988. Pregnancy outcome in couples with recurrent abortions following
immunological evaluation and therapy, pp. 337-350. {IIn} R. W. Beard and F.
Sharp (eds.), Early Pregnancy Loss: Mechanisms and Treatment, Springer
Verlag, New York.
Beer, A. E., and R. E. Billingham. 1976. The Immunology of Pregnancy. Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Beersma, M. F., M. J. Bijlmakers, and H. L. Ploegh. 1993. Human cytomegalovirus
down-regulates HLA class I expression by reducing the stability of class I H
chains. J. Immunol. 151:4455-4464.
Beersma, M. F., P. M. Wertheim van Dillen, and T. E. Feltkamp. 1990. The
influence of HLA-B27 on the infectivity of cytomegalovirus for mouse
fibroblasts. Scand. J. Rheumatol. Suppl. 87:102-103.
Beersma, M. F., P. M. Wertheim van Dillen, J. L. Geelen, and T. E. Feltkamp.
1991. Expression of HLA class I heavy chains and beta 2-microglobulin does
not affect human cytomegalovirus infectivity. J. Gen. Virol. 72:2757-2764.
Befus, A. D., N. Johnston, G. A. Leslie, and J. Bienenstock. 1980. Gut-
associated lymphoid tissue in the chicken. I. Morphology, ontogeny, and some
functional characteristics of Peyer's patches. J. Immunol. 125:2626-2632.
Begovich, A. B., and P. P. Jones. 1985. Free Ia E chain expression in the E:
E recombinant strain A.TFR5. Immunogenetics 22:523-532.
Behnke, J. M., W. Cabaj, and D. Wakelin. 1992. Susceptibility of adult
{IHeligmosomoides} {Ipolygyrus} to intestinal inflammatory response induced by
heterologous infection. Int. J. Parasitol. 22:75-86.
Behnke, J. M., A. E. Keymer, and J. W. Lewis. 1991. {IHeligmosomoides} {Ipolygyrus} or
{INematospuroides} {Idubius}. Parasit. Today 7:177-179.
Behnke, J. M., and M. Robinson. 1985. Genetic control of immunity to
{INematospiroides dubius}: a 9-day anthelminthic abbreviated immunizing regime
which separates weak and strong responder strains of mice. Parasite Immunol.
7:235-253.
Behnke, J. M., and F. N. Wahid. 1991. Immunological relationships during primary
infection with {IHeligmosomoides} {Ipolygyrus} ({INematospiroides} {Idubius}): H-2 linked
genes determine worm survival. Parasitology 103:157-164.
Beier, J. C., J. Strandberg, M. Stoskopf, and C. Craft. 1981. Mortality in
robins ({UTurdus} {Umigratorius}) due to avian malaria. J. Wildl. Dis. 17:247-250.
Beintema, A. J., and G. H. Visser. 1989. The effect of weather on time budgets
and development of chicks of meadow birds. Ardea 77:181-192.
---. 1989. Growth parameters in chicks of Charadriiform birds. Ardea 77:169-180.
Beisel, W. R. 1977. Magnitude of the host responss to infection. American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30:1236-1247.
---. 1984. Metabolic effects of infection. Progress in Food and Nutritional
Science 8:43-75.
---. 1985. Evolving concepts of the roles of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and cortisol
in stress: similarities and differences. {IIn} M. J. P. Kluger, J. J. Oppenheim
and M. C. Powanda (eds.), The physiologic, metabolic and immunologic actions
of interleukin-1, Liss, New York.
Beissinger, S. R. 1986. Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution
of mate desertion in the snail kite. Ecology 67:1445-1459.
Bekoff, M., A. C. Scott, and D. A. Conner. 1987. Nonrandom nest-site selection
in Evening Grosbeaks. Condor 89:819-829.
Belanger, L., and J. Bedard. 1990. Energetic cost of man-induced disturbance to
staging snow geese. Journal of Wildlife Management 54:36-41.
Beletsky, L. D., and G. H. Orians. 1991. Effects of breeding experience and
familiarity on site fidelity in female red-winged blackbirds. Ecology 72:787-
796.
Bell, G. 1982. The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of
Sexuality. University of California Press, Berkeley.
---, ed. 1988. Sex and Death in Protozoa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bell, G., and V. Koufopanou. 1985. The cost of reproduction, pp. 83-131. {IIn} R.
Dawkins and M. Ridley (eds.), Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, vol. 3,
Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Bell, G. I., S. Horita, and J. H. Karam. 1984. A polymorphic locus near the
human insulin gene is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes 33:176-183.
Bell, G. I., J. H. Karam, C. J. Raffel, G. A. Hitman, P. H. Yen, D. J. Galton,
G. F. Botazzo, J. I. Rotter, and G. Thomson. 1984. Recessive inheritance for
the insulin linked IDDM predisposing gene. Am. J. Hum. Gen. 37:A188.
Bell, R. G. 1992. Variation in responsiveness to {ITrichinella spiralis} infection
in inbred rat strains. Parasitology 105:125-130.
Bell, R. G., J. A. Appleton, C. O. R. R. E. A. D. A. Negrao, and L. S. Adams.
1992. Rapid expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in adult rats mediated by
monoclonal antibodies of distinct IgG isotypes. Immunology 75:520-527.
Bellaby, T., K. Robinson, and D. Wakelin. 1996. Induction of differential T-
helper-cell responses in mice infected with variants of the parasitic
nematode {ITrichuris muris}. Infect. Immun. 64:791-795.
Bellaby, T., K. Robinson, D. Wakelin, and J. M. Behnke. 1995. Isolates of
{ITrichuris muris} vary in their ability to elicit protective immune responses
to infection in mice. Parasitology 111:353-357.
Belles-Isles, J. C., and J. Picman. 1986. House wren nest-destroying behavior.
Condor 88:190-193.
Belthoff, J. R., and G. Ritchison. 1990. Nest-site selection by Eastern Screech-
Owls in central Kentucky. Condor 92:982-990.
Benacerraf, B. 1978. A hypothesis to relate the specificity of T lymphocytes and
the activity of I region-specific Ir genes in macrophages and B lymphocytes.
J. Immunol. 120:1809-1812.
---. 1981. Role of MHC gene products in immune regulation. Science 212:1229-
1238.
Benacerraf, B., and R. N. Germain. 1978. The immune response genes of the major
histocompatibility complex. Immunol. Rev. 38:70.
Bender, B. S., W. E. Bell, S. Taylor, and P. A. Small. 1994. Class I major
histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes are not
necessary for heterotypic immunity to influenza. J. Infect. Dis. 170:1195-
1200.
Bender, B. S., T. Croghan, L. Zhang, and P. A. Small. 1992. Transgenic mice
lacking class I major histocompatibility complex-restriced T cells have
delayed viral clearance and increased mortality after influenza virus
challenge. J. Exp. Med. 175:1143-1145.
Bendich, A. 1993. Beta-carotene and the immune response. Proceedings of the
Nutrition Society 50:263.
Benedict, A. A., and K. Yamaga. 1976. Immunoglobulins and antibody production in
avian species, pp. 335-375. {IIn} J. J. Marchalonis (ed.), Comparative
immunology, Blackwell, Oxford.
Benedict, F. G., and E. L. Fox. 1925. The gaseous metabolism of large birds
under aviary life. Proc. Am. Philosoph. Soc. 66:511-534.
---. 1927. The gaseous metabolism of large birds under aviary life. Proc. Am.
Philosoph. Soc. 66:511-534.
Ben-Harel, S. 1923. Studies on bird malaria in relation to the mechanism of
relapse. Am. J. Hyg. 3:652-685.
Benkman, C. W. 1991. Predation, seed size partitioning and the evolution of body
size in seed-eating finches. Evol. Ecol. 5:118-127.
Ben Nathan, D., N. Drabkin, and D. Heller. 1981. The effect of starvation on the
immune response of chickens. Avian Dis. 25:214-217.
Ben Nathan, D., E. D. Heller, and M. Perek. 1977. The effect of starvation on
antibody production of chicks. Poul. Sci. 56:1468-1471.
Bennett, A. F. 1987. Interindividual variability: an underutilized resource. {IIn}
M. E. Feder, A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren and R. B. Huey (eds.), New
directions in ecological physiology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bennett, A. F., and L. D. Houck. 1983. The energetic cost of courtship and
aggression in a plethodontid salamander. Ecology 64:979-983.
Bennett, D. C., and L. E. Hart. 1993. Metabolizable energy of fish when fed to
captive great blue herons ({IArdea herodias}). Can. J. Zool. 71:1767-1771.
Bennett, D. C., P. E. Whitehead, and L. E. Hart. 1995. Growth and energy
requirements of hand-reared great blue heron ({IArdea herodias}) chicks. Auk
112:201-209.
Bennett, G. F. 1960. On some ornithophilic blood-sucking Diptera in Algonquin
Park, Ontario, Canada. Can. J. Zool. 38:377-389.
---. 1961. On the specificity and transmission of some avian trypanosomes. Can.
J. Zool. 39:17-33.
---. 1962. The hematocrit centrifuge for laboratory diagnosis of hematozoa. Can.
J. Zool. 40:124-125.
---. 1970. {UTrypanosoma} {Uavium} Danilewsky in the avian host. Can. J. Zool. 48:803-
807.
---. 1990. Avian haemoprotozoa of the Indian subcontinent: The species and the
vectors. Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Calcutta) 43:49-58.
Bennett, G. F., A. A. Aguirre, and R. S. Cook. 1991. Blood parasites of some
birds from northeastern Mexico. J. Parasitol. 77:38-41.
Bennett, G. F., and M. A. Bishop. 1991. Change in status of haematozoan
infections in wild passeriforms sampled in successive years. Proceedings of
the Zoological Society (Calcutta) 43:9-18.
---. 1991. The hemoproteids (Apicomplexa: Haemoproteidae) of the flowerpeckers
of the avian family Dicaeidae (Passeriformes). Systematic Parasitology 18:
159-164.
Bennett, G. F., M. A. Bishop, and M. A. Peirce. 1991. The hemoproteids of the
avian families Eurylaimidae (broadbills) and Pittidae (pittas). Systematic
Parasitology 18:111-116.
---. 1991. The species and distribution of the haemoproteids of the avian family
Muscicapidae sensu lato (Passeriformes). Journal of Natural History 25:23-44.
Bennett, G. F., and J. Blancou. 1974. A note on the blood parasites of some
birds from the Republic of Madagascar. J. Wildl. Dis. 10:239-240.
Bennett, G. F., J. R. Caines, and M. A. Bishop. 1988. Influence of blood
parasites on the body mass of passeriform birds. J. Wildl. Dis. 24:339-343.
Bennett, G. F., M. Cameron, and E. White. 1975. Hematozoa of the passeriforms of
the Tantramar Marshes, New Brunswick. Can. J. Zool. 53:1432-1442.
Bennett, G. F., R. A. Earle, M. A. Peirce, F. W. Huchzermeyer, and P. Squires D.
1991. Avian Leucocytozoidae: The leucocytozoids of the Phasianidae sensu
lato. Journal of Natural History 25:1407-1428.
Bennett, G. F., and A. M. Fallis. 1959. Blood parasites of birds in Algonquin
Park, Canada, and a discussion of their transmission. Can. J. Zool. 38:261-
273.
---. 1960. Blood parasites of birds in Algonquin Park, Canada, and a discussion
of their transmission. Can. J. Zool. 38:261-273.
Bennett, G. F., M. Garvin, and J. M. Bates. 1991. Avian hematozoa from West-
Central Bolivia. J. Parasitol. 77:207-211.
Bennett, G. F., R. Montgomerie, and G. Seutin. 1992. Scarcity of hematozoa in
birds breeding on the arctic tundra of North America. Condor 94:289-292.
Bennett, G. F., and M. A. Peirce. 1990. The hemoproteids of the avian orders
Musophagiformes (the turacos) and Trogoniformes (the trogons). Can. J. Zool.
68:2465-2467.
---. 1991. The haemoproteids of the weaver finches (Passeriformes). Journal of
Natural History 25:7-22.
Bennett, G. F., M. A. Peirce, and R. A. Earle. 1990. The hemoproteids of the
shrikes of the avian family Laniidae (Passeriformes). South African Journal
of Zoology 25:194-198.
Bennett, G. F., and M. A. Pierce. 1988. Morphological variation in the avian
Haemoproteidae and an annotated checklist of the genus {IHaemoproteus} Kruse,
1890. Journal of Natural History 22:1683-1696.
Bennett, G. F., M. A. Pierce, and R. W. Ashford. 1993. Avian hematozoa:
mortality and pathogenicity. Journal of Natural History 27:993-1001.
Bennett, G. F., D. Squires-Parsons, P. Siikamki, E. Huhta, K. Allander, and L.
Hillstrm. 1995. A comparison of blood parasites of three scandinavian
populations of the pied flycatcher ({IFicedula hypoleuca}). Journal of Avian
Biology 26:33-38.
Bennett, G. F., D. Squires-Parsons, P. Siikamki, W. Huhta, L. Allander, and L.
Hisstrm. 1995. A comparison of the blood parasites of three Fenno-Scandian
populations of the pied flycatcher {IFicedula hypoleuca}. Journal of Avian
Biology 26:33-38.
Bennett, G. F., V. D. Stotts, and M. C. Bateman. 1991. Blood parasites of black
ducks and other anatids from Labrador and insular Newfoundland (Canada). Can.
J. Zool. 69:1405-1407.
Bennett, G. F., H. Witt, and E. M. White. 1980. Blood parasites of some Jamaican
birds. J. Wildl. Dis. 16:29-38.
Bennett, P. M., and C. M. Hawkey. 1988. Comparative hematology: phylogenetic and
ecological aspects in mammals and birds, pp. 33-48. {IIn} D. J. Blackmore (ed.),
Animal Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bennison, B. E., and G. R. Coatney. 1948. The sex of host as a factor in
{IPlasmodium} {Igallinaceum} infections in young chicks. Science 107:147-148.
Benoist, C., and D. Mathis. 1990. Regulation of major histocompatibility complex
class-II genes: X, Y and other letters of the alphabet. Annu. Rev. Immunol.
8:681-715.
Benoist, C. O., D. J. Mathis, M. R. Kanter, V. E. Williams, and H. O. McDevitt.
1983. The murine Ia chains, E and A, show a surprising degree of sequence
homology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 534-538. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.
S. A. 80:534-538.
Benoist, C. O., D. J. Mathis, M. R. Kanter, V. E. Williams II, and H. O.
McDevitt. 1983. Regions of allelic hypervariability in the murine A alpha
immune response gene. Cell 34:169-177.
Benten, P. W. M., U. Bettenhaeuser, F. Wunderlich, E. Van Vliete, and H.
Mossmann. 1991. Testosterone-induced abrogation of self-healing of {IPlasmodium}
{Ichabaudi} malaria in B10 mice: Mediation by spleen cells. Infect. Immun. 59:
4486-4490.
Bentley, G. E., G. E. Demas, R. J. Nelson, and G. F. Ball. 1998. Melatonin,
immunity and cost of reproductive state in male European starlings. Pro. Roy.
Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 265:1191-1195.
Benton, E. H., and G. W. Morgan. 1978. Hemagglutinin responses of chickens,
Japanese quail and chukars to red blood cell antigens. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2:
319-999.
Benton, E. H., G. W. Morgan, P. Thaxton, C. R. Parkhurst, and M. O. Shambley.
1977. Antibody responses to xenogeneic red blood cell challenge in the
Japanese quail. Immunological Communications 6:259-265.
Benton, T. G., and A. Grant. 1999. Optimal reproductive effort in stochastic,
density-dependent environments. Evolution 53:677-688.
Benton, T. G., A. Grant, and T. H. Clutton-Brock. 1995. Does environmental
stochasticity matter - analysis of red deer life-histories on Rum. Evol.
Ecol. 9:559-574.
Berczi, I., and A. Szentivanyi. 1996. The pituitary gland,
psychoneuroimmunology, and infection, pp. 79-109. {IIn} H. Friedman, T. W. Klein
and A. L. Freidman (eds.), Psychoneuroimmunology, stress, and infection, CRC
Press, Boca Raton.
Berek, C. 1992. The development of B cells and the B-cell repertoire in the
microenvironment of the germinal center. Immunol. Rev. 126:5-19.
Berens von Rautenfield, D., and K.-D. Budras. 1982. The bursa cloacae (Fabricii)
of struthioniforms in comparison with the bursa of other birds. J. Morphol.
172:123-138.
Berg, A., T. Lindberg, and J. G. Kallebrink. 1992. Hatching success of lapwings
on farmland: differences between habitats and colonies of different sizes. J.
Anim. Ecol. 61:469-476.
Berger, D. D., and H. C. Mueller. 1959. The bal-chatri: a trap for the birds of
prey. Bird Banding 30:18-26.
Berger, R. J., and N. H. Phillips. 1993. Sleep and energy conservation. News in
Physiological Sciences 8:276-281.
Berk, R. A. 1983. Applications of the general linear model to survey data. {IIn} P.
H. Rossi, J. D. Wright and A. B. Anderson (eds.), Handbook of survey
research, Academic, London.
Bernstein, E. D., and D. M. Murasko. 1998. Effect of Age on Cytokine Production
in Humans. Age 21:137-151.
Bernton, E. W., J. E. Beach, J. W. Holiday, R. C. Smallridge, and H. G. Fein.
1987. Release of multiple hormones by a direct action of interleukin-1 on
pituitary cells. Science 238:519-521.
Dobado-Berrios, P. M., J. L. Tella, O. Ceballos, and J. A. Donazar. 1998.
Effects of age and captivity on plasma chemistry values of the egyptian
vulture. Condor 100:719-725.
Berry, R. J. 1981. Population dynamics of the house mouse. In Biology of the
house mouse. R.J. Berry:ed.(NewYork:AcademicPress),pp.395-425.
Berry, R. J., and J. Peters. 1977. Heterogeneous heterozygosities in mus
musculus populations. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 197:485-503.
Bertoletti, A., A. Sette, F. V. Chisari, A. Penna, M. Levrero, M. DeCarli, F.
Fiaccadori, and C. Ferrari. 1994. Natural variants of cytotoxic epitopes are
T-cell receptor antagonists for antiviral cytotoxic T-cells. Nature 369:407.
Besedovsky, H., A. Del Rey, E. Sorkin, and C. A. Dinarello. 1986.
Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones.
Science 233:652-654.
Besedovsky, H. O. 1996. Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and
hypotheses. Endocrine Rev. 17:64-102.
Best, L. B. 1978. Field Sparrow reproductive success and nesting ecology. Auk
95:9-22.
Best, L. B., and D. F. Stauffer. 1980. Factors affecting nesting success in
riparian bird communities. Condor 82:149-158.
Bethel, W. M., and J. C. Holmes. 1977. Increased vulnerability of amphipods to
predation owing to altered behavior induced by larval acanthocephalans. Can.
J. Zool. 55:110-115.
Betz, U. A., W. E. Mayer, and J. Klein. 1994 Nov 8. Major histocompatibility
complex class I genes of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 91:11065-11069.
Beukeboom, L., C. Dijkstra, S. Daan, and T. Meijer. 1988. Seasonality of clutch
size determination in the kestrel {IFalco} {Itinnunculus}: an experimental
approach. Orn. Scand. 19:41-48.
Beutler, B., and A. Cerami. 1988. Tumor necrosis, cachexia, shock and
inflammation: a common mediator. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 57:505-999.
Bevan, M. J., K. A. Hogquist, and S. C. Jameson. 1994. Selecting the T cell
receptor repertoire. Science 264:796-797.
Bharathi, L., K. B. Shenoy, and S. N. Hegde. 1997. Biochemical differences
between crop tissue and crop milk of pigeons (Columba livia). Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology A 116:51-55.
Bhargava, A., and H. Bouis. 1992. Maximum liklihood estimation of between and
within variations in energy and protein intakes from infancy to adolescence
for the Philipines. Statistics in Medicine 11:533-545.
Bhargava, A., and J. Sargan. 1981. Estimating dynamic random effects models from
panel data covering short poriods. Econometrica 51:221-236.
Bhattacharyya, T. K., and A. K. Sarkar. 1968. Avian leukocytic responses induced
by stress and corticoid inhibitors. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 6:
26-28.
Bianchi, E., S. Savasta, A. Calligaro, G. Beluffi, P. Poggi, M. Tinelli, E.
Mevio, and M. Martinetti. 1992 May. HLA haplotype segregation and
ultrastructural study in familial immotile-cilia syndrome. Hum. Genet. 89:
270-274.
Bibb, M. J., R. A. Van Etten, C. T. Wright, M. W. Walberg, and D. A. Clayton.
1981. Sequence and gene organization of mouse mitochondrial DNA. Cell 26:167-
180.
Biebach, H. 1996. Energetics of winter and migratory fattening, pp. 280-323. {IIn}
C. Carey (ed.), Avian energetics and nutritional ecology, Chapman and Hall,
New York.
Biely, J., and E. I. Palmer. 1935. Studies of total erythrocyte and leukocyte
counts of fowls. III. Variation in number of blood cells of normal fowl.
Canadian Journal of Research 13D:61-71.
Bierer, B. W. 1969. Serum protein fractions in the normal turkey. Poul. Sci. 48:
1208-1216.
Bierer, B. W., T. H. Eleazer, and D. E. Roebuck. 1964. Effect of certain
environmental factors on temperature and blood of chicks. J. Am. Vet. Med.
Assoc. 144:731-733.
---. 1964. Sedimentation rate, packed cell volume, buffy coat value, and rectal
temperature of chickens and turkeys at various ages. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
144:727-730.
Bildstein, K., K. Christy, and P. DeCoursey. 1982. Energy flow through a South
carolina salt-marsh shorebird community. Wader Study Group Bulletin 34.
Bildstein, K. L. 1987. Energetic consequences of sexual size dimorphism in white
ibises ({IEudocimus albus}). Auk 104:771-775.
---. 1992. The relative importance of biotic and abiotic vectors in nutrient
transport. Estuaries 15:145-157.
Binder, A., K. Gartner, H. J. Hedrich, W. Hermanns, H. Kirchhoff, and K.
Wonigeit. 1990. Strain differences in sensitivity of rats to {IMycoplasma}
{Iarthritidis} ISR 1 infection are under multiple gene control. Infect. Immun.
58:1584-1590.
Bingel, A. S., and N. B. Schwartz. 1969. Timing of LH release and ovulation in
the cyclic mouse. J. Reprod. Fertil. 19:223-229.
Binns, M. R. 1986. Behavioral dynamics and the negative binomial distribution.
Oikos 47:315-318.
Biotard, C., A. Bendelac, M. F. Richard, C. Carnaud, and J. F. Bach. UNKNOWN
YEAR. (1988). Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 85, 9719-9723. .
Bird, D. M., and R. G. Clark. 1983. Growth of body components in parent- and
hand-reared captive kestrels. Raptor Research 17:77-84.
Bird, D. M., and P. C. Lague. 1982. Fertility, egg weight loss, hatchability,
and fledging success in replacement clutches of captive American kestrels.
Can. J. Zool. 60:80-88.
Birkbeck, T. H., and C. W. Penn, eds. 1986. Antigenic Variations in Infectious
Diseases. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Birkhead, T. R. 1980. Timing of breeding of common guillemots Uria aalge at
Skomer Island, Wales. Orn. Scand. 11:142-145.
---. 1987. Sperm competition in birds. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2:268-272.
Birkhead, T. R., F. Fletcher, and E. J. Pellatt. 1998. Sexual selection in the
zebra finch {ITaeniopygia guttata}: condition, sex traits and immune capacity.
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 44:179-191.
---. 1999. Nestling diet, secondary sexual traits and fitness in the zebra
finch. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 266:385-390.
Birkhead, T. R., and D. N. Nettleship. 1982. The adaptive significance of egg
size and laying date in thick-billed murres Uria lomvia. Ecology 63:300-306.
---. 1984. Egg size, composition and offspring quality in some Alcidae (Aves:
Charadriiformes). Journal of Zoology (London) 202:177-194.
Birky, C. W. J., T. Maruyama, and P. A. Fuerst. 1983. An approach to population
and evolutionary genetic theory for genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts
and some results. Genetics 105:513-527.
Birnie, D., I. C. McKay, J. Veitch, K. Whaley, S. Hood, W. S. Hillis, and E. R.
Holme. 1995. Antimycobacterial hsp65 and rheumatoid factor titres in a
population of normal twins: evidence of genetic control of rheumatoid factor.
Clin. Exp. Immunol. 101:393-397.
Birt-Friesen, V. L., W. A. Montevecchi, D. K. Cairns, and A. S. Macko. 1989.
Activity-specific metabolic rates of free-living northern gannets and other
seabirds. Ecology 70:357-367.
Birt-Friesen, V. L., W. A. Montevecchi, D. K. Cairns, and S. A. Macko. 1989.
Activity-specific metabolic rates of free-living northern gannets and other
seabirds. Ecology 70:357-367.
Bischof, P., M. Jeannet, B. Bourrit, P. Vuagnat, W. L. Herrmann, and P. C.
Sizonenko. 1985. Mating is random. Am. J. Reprod. 7:124-126.
Bishop, C. M., and P. J. Butler. 1995. Physiological modelling of oxygen
consumption in birds during flight. J. Exp. Biol. 198:2153-2163.
Bishop, D. T., and J. A. Williamson. 1990. The power of indentity-by-state
methods for linkage analysis. Am. J. Hum. Gen. 46:254-265.
Bishop, M. A., and G. F. Bennett. 1990. The haemoproteids of the avian families
Corvidae (crows and jays) and Sturnidae (starlings and mynas)
(Passeriformes). Can. J. Zool. 68:2251-2256.
Bisset, L. R. 1994. Molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of AIDS: the HIV/MHC/
{IMycoplasma} triangle. Med. Hypoth. 43:388-396.
Bisset, S. A., A. Vlassoff, C. J. West, and L. Morrison. 1997. Epidemiology of
nematodosis in Romney lambs selectively bred for resistance or susceptibility
to nematode infection. Vet. Parasitol. 70:255-269.
Bist, S. S., J. S. Rawat, and A. Roy. 1968. Plasma protein fractions and serum
calcium content in laying and nonlaying fowls. Agra University Journal of
Research 27:115-119.
Bjercke, S. 1994. Recurrent abortions and lymphocyte transfusions. Acta Obstet.
Gynecol. Scand. 73:373-376.
Bjorkman, P. J., M. A. Saper, B. Samraoui, W. S. Bennett, J. L. Strominger, and
D. C. Wiley. 1987. Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen,
HLA-A2. Nature 329:506-512.
---. 1987. The foreign antigen binding site and T cell recognition regions of
class I histocompatibility antigens. Nature 329:512-518.
Black, F. L. 1992. Why did they die? Science 1739:1739-1740.
Black, F. L., and F. M. Salzano. 1981. Evidence for heterosis in the HLA system.
Am. J. Hum. Gen. 33:894-899.
Black, J. M., C. Carbone, R. L. Wells, and M. Owen. 1993. Foraging dynamics in
goose flocks: the cost of living on the edge. Anim. Behav. 00:000.
Black, J. M., C. Deerenberg, and M. Owen. 1991. Foraging behaviour and site
selection of Barnacle geese Branta leucopsis in a traditional and newly
colonised spring staging habitat. Ardea 79:349-358.
Black, J. M., and M. Owen. 1984. Importance of the family unit to barnacle goose
Branta leucopsis offspring - a progress report. Nor. Polarinst. Skr. 181:79-
85.
---. 1988. Variations in pair bond and agonistic behaviors in barnacle geese on
the wintering grounds, pp. 39-57. {IIn} M. W. Weller (ed.), Waterfowl in Winter,
University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
---. 1989. Agonistic behaviour in barnacle goose flocks: assessment, investment
and reproductive success. Anim. Behav. 37:199-209.
Black, M. M. 1994. New observations on pemphigoid 'herpes' gestationis.
Dermatology. 189 Suppl 1:50-51.
Blackburn, T. M. 1991. The interspecific relationship between egg size and
clutch size in waterfowl. Auk 108:209-211.
Blackman, M. A., J. W. Kappler, and P. Marrack. 1988. T-cell specificity and
repertoire. Immunol. Rev. 101:5-19.
Blackman, M. A., P. Marrack, and J. Kappler. 1989. Influence of the major
histocompatability complex on positive thymic selection of V17a+ T cells.
Science 244:214-217.
Blackwell, J. M. 1985. A murine model of genetically controlled host responses
to leishmaniasis. In Ecology and genetics of host-parasite interactions. D.
Rollinson and R.M. Anderson:eds.(NewYork:AcademicPress),pp.147-155.
---. 1988. Protozoan infections, pp. 103-151. {IIn} D. M. Wakelin and J. M.
Blackwell (eds.), Genetics of Resistance to Bacterial and Parasitic
Infection, Taylor and Francis,Ltd., London.
---. 1988. Bacterial infections, pp. 63-101. {IIn} D. M. Wakelin and J. M.
Blackwell (eds.), Genetics of Resistance to Bacterial and Parasitic
Infection, Taylor & Francis, London.
---. 1996. Genetic susceptibility to leishmanial infections: studies in mice and
man. Parasitology 112:S67-S74.
Blackwell, J. M., C. W. Roberts, and J. Alexander. 1993. Influence of genes
within the MHC on mortality and brain cyst development in mice infected with
{IToxoplasma gondii}: kinetics of immune regulation in BALB H-2 congenic mice.
Parasite Immunol. 15:317-324.
Blakesley, J. A., A. B. Franklin, and R. J. Gutierrez. 1992. Spotted owl roost
and nest site selection in northwestern California. Journal of Wildlife
Management 56:388-392.
Blalock, J. E. 1989. A molecular basis for bidirectional communication between
the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Physiol. Rev. 69:1-32.
---. 1994. The syntax of immune-endocrine communication. Immunol. Today 15:505-
510.
Blancher, P. J., and R. J. Robertson. 1985. Site consistency in kingbird
breeding performance: implications for site fidelity. J. Anim. Ecol. 54:1017-
1027.
Blanco, G., J. De la Puente, M. Corroto, A. Baz, and J. Colas. 2001. Condition-
dependent immune defence in the Magpie: how important is ectoparasitism?
Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 72:279-286.
Blanco, G., S. Merino, J. L. Tella, J. A. Fargallo, and A. Gajon. 1997.
Hematozoa in two populations of the threatened chough {IPyrrhocorax pyrrocorax}
in Spain. J. Wildl. Dis. 33:99-999.
Blattman, A. N., D. J. Hulme, B. P. Kinghorn, R. R. Woolaston, G. D. Gray, and
K. J. Beh. 1993 Aug. A search for associations between major
histocompatibility complex restriction fragment length polymorphism bands and
resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. Anim. Genet. 24:277-
282.
Blattner, F. R., and P. W. Tucker. 1984. The molecular biology of immunoglobulin
D. Nature 307:999.
Blem, C. R. 2000. Energy balance, pp. 327-341. {IIn} G. C. Whittow (ed.), Sturkie's
Avian Physiology, Academic Press, San Diego.
Blem, C. R., and L. B. Blem. 1993. Do swallows sunbathe to control
ectoparasites? An experimental test. Condor 95:728-730.
Bliss, C. I., and R. A. Fisher. 1953. Fitting the negative binomial distribution
to biological data and note on the efficient fitting of the negative
binomial. Biometrics 9:176-200.
Block, G. A., and D. E. Murrish. 1974. Viscous properties of bird blood at low
temperatures. Antarct. J. U.S. 9:98-99.
Blockstein, D. E. 1989. Crop milk and clutch size in mourning doves. Wilson
Bulletin 101:11-25.
Blondel, J., A. Devrieux, M. Maistre, and P. Perret. 1991. Feeding ecology and
life history variation of the blue tit in Mediterranean deciduous and
sclerophyllous habitats. Oecologia 88:9-14.
Blondel, J., P. Perret, and M. Maistre. 1990. On the genetical basis of the
laying-date in a island population of blue tits. Journal of Evolutionary
Biology 3:469-475.
Blondel, J., R. Pradel, and J.-D. Lebreton. 1992. Low fecundity insular blue
tits do not survive better as adults than high fecundity mainland ones. J.
Anim. Ecol. 61:205-213.
Bloom, B. R. 1979. Games parasites play: how parasites evade immune
surveillance. Nature 279:21-26.
Bloom, B. R., J. Flynn, K. McDonough, Y. Kress, and J. Chan. 1994. Experimental
approaches to mechanisms of protection and pathogenesis in M. tuberculosis
infection. Immunobiology 191:526-536.
Bloom, P. H. 1987. Capturing and handling raptors. {IIn} B. A. Giron Pendleton, B.
A. Milsap, K. W. Cline and D. M. Bird (eds.), Raptor Management Techniques
Manual, National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC.
Bloom, P. H., and S. J. Hawks. 1983. Nest box use and reproductive biology of
the American kestrel in Lassen County, California. Raptor Research 17:9-14.
Blouin, M. S., J. B. Dame, C. A. Tarrant, and C. H. Courtney. 1992. Unusual
population genetics of a parasitic nematode: mtDNA variation within and among
populations. Evolution 46:470-476.
Blouin, S. F., and M. Blouin. 1988. Inbreeding avoidance behaviors. Trends Ecol.
Evol. 3:230-233.
Blount, J. D., D. C. Houston, and A. P. Moller. 2000. Why egg yolk is yellow.
Trends Ecol. Evol. 15:47-49.
Blount, J. D., A. P. Moller, and D. C. Houston. 2001. Antioxidants, showy males
and sperm quality. Ecol. Lett. 4:393-396.
Blount, J. D., P. F. Surai, R. G. Nager, D. C. Houston, A. P. Moller, M. L.
Trewby, and M. W. Kennedy. 2002. Carotenoids and egg quality in the lesser
black-backed gull {ILarus fuscus} a supplemental feeding study of maternal
effects. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 269:29-36.
Blums, P., and A. Mednis. 1986. Dynamics of population composition and return
rate in breeding ducks on Engure Marsh, Latvia. Var Fagelv. 11:17-22.
Boag, D. A., and M. A. Schroeder. 1987. Population fluctuations in spruce
grouse: what determines their numbers in spring? Can. J. Zool. 65:2430-2435.
Boag, P. 1984. Growth and allometry in Darwin's finches (Geospiza) on Isla
Daphne Major, Galapagos. Journal of Zoology (London) 204:413-441.
Boag, P. T. 1987. Effects of nestling diet on growth and adult size of zebra
finches (Poephila guttata). Auk 104:155-166.
Boag, P. T., and P. R. Grant. 1981. Intense natural selection in a population of
Darwin's finches (Geospizinae) in the Galapagos. Science 214:82-85.
---. 1984. The classical case of character release: Darwin's finches (Geospiza)
on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 22:243-287.
---. 1984. Darwin's finches (Geospiza) on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos: breeding
and feeding ecology in a climatically variable environment. Ecol. Monogr. 54:
463-489.
Boag, P. T., and A. J. van Noordwijk. 1987. Quantitative genetics. {IIn} F. Cooke
and P. A. Buckley (eds.), Avian genetics: a population and ecological
approach, Academic, London.
Bobek, S., M. Mika, J. Niezgoda, and K. Pierchala. 1985. The effect of sex
hormones on total immunoglobulin level in the serum of moulting hens. Zbl Vet
Med B 32:633-635.
Bock I. 1983. Interspecific hybridization in the genus {IDrosophila}. Evolutionary
Biology 17:41-70.
Bodmer, J. G., S. G. E. Marsh, P. Parham, H. A. Erlich, E. Albert, W. F. Bodmer,
B. Dupont, B. Mach, W. R. Mayr, T. Sasazuki, G. M. T. Schreuder, J. L.
Strominger, A. Svejgaard, and P. I. Terasaki. 1990. Nomenclature for factors
of the HLA system, 1989. Hum. Immunol. 28:326-342.
Bodmer, W. F. 1972. Evolutionary significance of the HLA system. Nature 327:139-
145.
Bodmer, W. F., M. J. Browning, P. Krausa, A. Rowan, D. C. Bicknell, and J. G.
Bodmer. 1993. Tumor escape from immune response by variation in HLA
expression and other mechanisms. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 690:42-49.
Bodmer, W. F., J. Trowsdale, J. Young, and J. Bodmer. 1986. Gene clusters and
the evolution of the major histocompatibility system. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
Lond., B 312:303-315.
Boehmer, H., K. Karjalainen, J. Pelkonen, P. Borgulya, and H. Rammensee. 1988.
The T-Cell Receptor for Antigen in T-Cell Development and Repertoire
Selection. Immunol. Rev. 100:1-17.
Boersma, P. D. 1982. Why some birds take so long to hatch. Am. Nat. 120:733-750.
---. 1986. Body temperature, torpor, and growth in chicks of fork-tailed storm-
petrels (Oceanodroma furcata). Physiol. Zool. 59:10-19.
Bohus, B., and J. M. Koolhaas. 1996. Psychoimmunology and psychobiology of
parasitic infestation, pp. 263-271. {IIn} H. Friedman, T. W. Klein and A. L.
Freidman (eds.), Psychoneuroimmunology, stress, and infection, CRC Press,
Boca Raton.
Bolton, M. 1991. Determinants of chick survival in the lesser black-backed gull:
relative contributions of egg size and parental quality. J. Anim. Ecol. 60:
949-960.
Bona, C. A., K. A. Siminovitch, M. Zanetti, and A. N. Theofilopoulos, eds. 1993.
The Molecular Pathology of Autoimmune Diseases. Harwood Academic Publishers,
Chur, Switzerland.
Bonhomme, F. 1986). Evolutionary relationships in the genus Mus. In Current
topics in Microbiology and immunology (The wild mouse in immunology. M.
Potter, J.H. Nadeau, and M.P. Cancro:eds.(Spring-Verlag),pp.127:19-34.
---. 1986. Molecules, populations and species evolution in the genus Mus. In
Modern aspects of the species. K. Iwatsuki, P.H. Raven, and W.J. Bock:eds.
(Tokyo:Univ.TokyoPress),pp.125-145.
Bonhomme, F., J. Catalan, J. Britton-Davadian, V. M. Chapman, D. Moriwaki, E.
Nevo, and L. Thaler. 1984. Biochemical diversity and evolution in the genus
Mus. Biochem. Genet. 22:275-303.
Bonhomme, F., and J. L. Guenet. 1989. The house mouse and its relatives. In
Genetic variants and strains of the laboratory mouse. A. Searle and M. Lyon:
eds.(London:OxfordUniv.Press),.
Bonhomme, F., D. Isdankar, L. Thaler, and F. Petter. 1985. Electromorphs and
phylogeny in muroid rodents. In Evolutionary relationships among rodents.
W.P. Lucket and J.-L. Hartenberger:eds.(NewYork:PlenumPub.Corp.),pp.671-684.
Bonneaud, C., J. Mazuc, G. Gonzalez, C. Haussy, O. Chastel, B. Faivre, and G.
Sorci. 2003. Assessing the cost of mounting an immune response. Am. Nat. 161:
367-379.
Bonner, J. J. 1986. Major histocompatibility complex influences reproductive
efficiency: evolutionary implications. J. Cran. Genet. Develop. 2S:5-11.
Bontrop, R. E., D. G. Elferink, N. Otting, M. Jonker, and R. R. de-Vries. 1990
Jul 1. Major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted antigen
presentation across a species barrier: conservation of restriction
determinants in evolution. Journal of Experimental Medicine 172:53-59.
Boonstra, R., C. J. McColl, and T. J. Karels. 2001. Reproduction at all costs:
The adaptive stress response of male Arctic ground squirrels. Ecology 82:
1930-1946.
Booth, D. T., and P. R. Sotherland. 1991. Oxygen consumption, air-cell gas
tensions, and incubation parameters of mute swan eggs. Physiol. Zool. 64:473-
484.
Bordel, R., and E. Haase. 1993. Effects of flight on blood parameters in homing
pigeons. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and
Environmental Physiology 163:219-224.
---. 1998. Studies on urea formation in homing pigeons. Zoology Jena 101:94-100.
Borgia, G. 1986. Satin bowerbird parasites: a test of the bright male
hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 19:355-358.
Borgia, G., and K. Collis. 1989. Female choise for parasite-free male satin
bowerbirds and the evolution of bright male plumage. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
25:445-454.
Bortin, M. M., J. D'Amaro, F. H. Bach, A. A. Rimm, and J. J. van Rood. 1987. HLA
associations with leukemia. Blood 70:227-232.
Bortolotti, G. R. 1984. Physical development of nestling bald eagles with
emphasis on the timing of growth events. Wilson Bulletin 96:524-542.
---. 1986. Evolution of growth rates in eagles: sibling competition vs. energy
considerations. Ecology 67:182-194.
Bortolotti, G. R., J. L. Tella, M. G. Forero, R. D. Dawson, and J. J. Negro.
2000. Genetics, local environment and health as factors influencing plasma
carotenoids in wild American kestrels ({IFalco sparverius}). Pro. Roy. Soc.
Lond. B Biol. Sci. 267:1433-1438.
Borts, R. H., M. Lichten, and J. E. Haber. 1986. Analysis of meiosis-defective
mutations in yeast by physical monitoring of recombination.
113:551-567.
Bosch, M., and J. Figuerola. 1999. Detrimental effects of ticks {IOrnithodorus}
{Imaritimus} on the growth of yellow-legged gull {ILarus michahellis} chicks. Ardea
87:83-89.
Boshart, M., F. Weber, G. Jahn, K. Dorsch Hasler, B. Fleckenstein, and W.
Schaffner. 1985. A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate
early gene of human cytomegalovirus. Cell 41:521-530.
Bouix, J., J. Krupinski, R. Rzepecki, B. Nowosad, I. Skrzyzala, M. Roborzynski,
W. Fudalewicz-Niemczyk, M. Skalska, A. Malczewski, and L. Gruner. 1998.
Genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Polish long-wool
sheep. Int. J. Parasitol. 28:1797-1804.
Bounagurio, D. A., N. Susumu, J. D. Parvin, M. Krystal, P. Palese, and W. M.
Fitch. 1986. Evolution of human influenza A viruses over 50 years: Rapid,
uniform rate of change in NS genes. Science 232:980-982.
Bourlet, Y., G. Bhar, and F. Guillemot et al. 1988. Isolation of the chicken
major histocompatibility complex class II (B-L) chain sequences: comparison
with mammalian chains and expression in lymphoid organs. EMBO Journal 7:
1031-1039.
Boursot, P., H. Yonekawa, and F. Bonhomme. 1987. Heteroplasmy in mice with
deletion of a large coding region of mitochondrial DNA. Mol.Biol.Evol. 4:46-
55.
Bousfield, M. A., and Y. Syroechkovsky V. 1985. A review of Soviet research on
the lesser snow geese on Wrangel Island, U.S.S.R. Wildfowl 36:13-20.
Bouwes Bavinck, J. N., and F. H. J. Claas. 1994. The role of HLA molecules in
the development of skin cancer. Hum. Immunol. 41:173-179.
Bovbjerg, D. H., and A. A. Stone. 1996. Psychological stress and upper
respiratory illness, pp. 195-213. {IIn} H. Friedman, T. W. Klein and A. L.
Freidman (eds.), Psychoneuroimmunology, stress, and infection, CRC Press,
Boca Raton.
Bowerman, W., J. E. Stickle, J. G. Sikarskie, and J. P. Giesy. 2000. Hematology
and serum chemistries of nestling bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in
the lower peninsula of MI, USA. Chemosphere 41:1575-1579.
Bowman, J. C., and D. S. Falconer. 1960. Inbreeding depression and heterosis of
litter size in mice. 1:262-274.
Bowman, M. A., E. H. Leiter, and M. A. Atkinson. 1994. Prevention of diabetes in
the NOD mouse: Implications for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
Immunol. Today 15:115-120.
Box, E. D., J. L. Meier, and J. H. Smith. 1984. Description of {ISarcocystis}
{Ifalculata} Stiles 1893, a parasite of birds and opossums. Journal of
Protozoology 31:521-524.
Boyce, E. A., G. K. Beauchamp, and K. Yamazaki. 1983. The sensory perception of
genotypic polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex and other
genes: some physiological and phylogenetic implications. Human Genetics 6:
177-183.
Boyce, M. S. 1990. The red queen visits sage grouse leks. American Zoologist 30:
263-270.
Boyce, M. S., and C. M. Perrins. 1987. Optimizing great tit clutch size in a
fluctuating environment. Ecology 68:142-153.
Boyce, N. P. 1979. Effects of {IEubothrium} {Isalvelini} (Cestoda:Pseudophyllidea) on
the growth and vitality of sockeyesalmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Can. J. Zool.
57:597-602.
Boyd, F. M., and H. M. Edwards. 1963. The effect of dietary protein on the
course of various infections in the chick. J. Inf. Dis. 112:53-56.
Boyd, H. 1956. Statistics of the British population of the pink-footed goose. J.
Anim. Ecol. 25:253-273.
---. 1987. Do June temperatures affect the breeding success of dark-bellied
brent geese Branta b. bernicla? Bird Study 34:155-159.
Boyd, H., and L. S. Maltby. 1980. Weights and primary growth of brent geese
Branta bernicla moulting in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, N.W.T., Canada,
1973-1975. Orn. Scand. 11:135-141.
Boyse, E. A., G. K. Beauchamp, J. Bard, and K. Yamazaki. 1990. Behavior and The
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), H-2, of the Mouse. In
Psychoneurolmmunology. R. Ader, D.L. Felten, and N. Cohen:eds.(London:
AcademicPress),pp.831-845.
Boyse, E. A., G. K. Beauchamp, and K. Yamazaki. 1987. The genetics of body
scent. Trends Genet. 4:97-102.
Boyse, E. A., G. K. Beauchamp, K. Yamazaki, J. Bard, and 1989. Genetic
components of kin recognition in mammals Kin Recognition. P.G. Hepper.
Cambridge University Press Cambridge:148-161.
Braden, A. W. H. 1957. The relationship between the diurnal light cycle and the
time of ovulation in mice. J. Exp. Biol. 34:177-188.
Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of
microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye
binding. Analyt. Biochem. 72:248-254.
Bradley, J. S., R. D. Wooller, I. J. Skira, and D. L. Serventy. 1989. Age-
dependent survival of breeding short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus
tenuirostris. J. Anim. Ecol. 58:175-188.
---. 1990. The influence of mate retention and divorce upon reproductive success
in short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. J. Anim. Ecol. 59:487-496.
Brahmajothi, V., R. M. Pitchappan, V. N. Kakkanaiah, M. Sashidhar, K. Rajaram,
S. Ramu, K. Palanimurugan, C. N. Paramasivan, and R. Prabhakar. 1991.
Association of pulmonary tuberculosis and HLA in South India. Tubercle 72:
123-132.
Brailsford, T. J., and J. M. Behnke. 1992. The dynamics of trickle infections
with Heligmosomoides polygyrus in syngeneic strains of mice. Int. J.
Parasitol. 22:351-359.
Brandhuber, B., T. Boone, W. C. Kenney, and D. B. McKay. 1987. Three-dimensional
structure of interleukin-2. Science 238:1707-1709.
Brann, D. W., and V. B. Mahesh. 1991. Role of corticosteroids in female
reproduction. FASEB Journal 5:2691-2698.
Brasier, C. M. 1988. Rapid changes in genetic structure of epidemic populations
of {IOphiostoma} {Iulmi}. Nature 332:538-541.
Brassard, P., M. E. Rau, and M. A. Curtis. 1982. Parasite-induced susceptibility
to predation in diplostomiasis. Parasitology 85:495-501.
Braude, S., Z. Tang-Martinez, and G. T. Taylor. 1999. Stress, testosterone, and
the immuno-redistribution hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. 10:345-350.
Braun.DG, K. Hild, and A. Ziegler. 1979. Resolution of immunoglobulin patterns
by analytical isoelectric focusing. Imm Methods 5:107-121.
Braunstein, N. S., and R. N. Germain. 1986. The mouse E beta 2 gene: a class II
MHC beta gene with limited intraspecies polymorphism and an unusual pattern
of transcription. Embo. J. 5:2469-2476.
---. 1987. Allele-specific control of Ia molecule surface expression and
conformation: implications for a general model of Ia structure-function
relationships. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 84:2921-2925.
Brawn, J. D. 1987. Density effects on reproduction of cavity nesters in northern
Arizona. Auk 104:783-787.
---. 1991. Environmental effects on variation and covariation in reproductive
traits of Western Bluebirds. Oecologia 86:193-201.
Brawn, J. D., and R. P. Balda. 1988. Population biology of cavity nesters in
northern Arizona: do nest sites limit breeding densities? Condor 90:61-71.
Bray, M. 1993. Effect of ACTH and glucocorticoids on lipid metabolism in the
Japanese quail, {ICotrunix coturnix japonica}. Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology A Comparative Physiology 105A:689-696.
Brecher, G., R. E. Anderson, and P. D. McMullen. 1980. When to do diffs. How
often should differential counts be repeated? Blood Cells 6:439-455.
Breitenfeld, P., and W. Schafer. 1957. The formation of fowl plague virus
antigens in infected cells, as sudied with fluorescent antibodies. Virol. 4:
328.
Bremermann, H. J. 1980. Sex and polymorphism as strategies in host-pathogen
interactions. J. Theor. Biol. 87:641-702.
Brent, R., P. F. Pedersen, C. Bech, and K. Johansen. 1985. Thermal balance in
the European coot Fulica atra exposed to temperatures from -28c to 40c. Orn.
Scand. 16:145-150.
Breslow, J. L., D. Ross, J. McPherson, H. Williams, D. Kurnit, A. L. Nussbaum,
S. K. Karathanasis, and V. I. Zannis. 1982. Some title here. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 79:6861.
Breslow, N. 1990. Tests of hypotheses in overdispersed Poisson regression and
other quasi-likelihood models. Journal of the American Statistical
Association 85:565-571.
Brezinschek, H. P., R. Fssler, H. Klocker, G. Krmer, R. Sgonc, H. Dietrich, R.
Jakober, and G. Wick. 1990. Analysis of the immune-endocrine feedback loop in
the avian system and its alteration in chickens with spontaneous autoimmune
thyroiditis. Eur. J. Immunol. 20:2155-2159.
Briganti, F., A. Papeschi, T. Mugnai, and F. Dessi-Fulgheri. 1999. Effect of
testosterone on male traits and behaviour in juvenile pheasants. Ethology
Ecology and Evolution 11:171-178.
Briggs, D., C. Stephens, R. Vaughan, K. Welsh, and C. Black. 1993 Jul. A
molecular and serologic analysis of the major histocompatibility complex and
complement component C4 in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumat. 36:943-954.
Briggs, D., and K. I. Welsh. 1991 Nov. Major histocompatibility complex class II
genes and systemic sclerosis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 50 Suppl 4:862-865.
Briggs, D. C., R. W. Vaughan, K. I. Welsh, A. Myers, R. M. duBois, and C. M.
Black. 1991 Sep 14. Immunogenetic prediction of pulmonary fibrosis in
systemic sclerosis, see comments. Lancet 338:661-662.
Briggs, S., V. 1989. Morphological prediction of body condition in maned ducks.
Aust. Wild. Res. 16:605-609.
Brigmon, R. L., E. L. Besch, and F. B. Mather. 1992. Seasonal temperature and
its influence on plasma corticosterone, thriiodothyronine, thyroxine, plasma
protein and packed cell volume in mature male chickens. Comp. Biochem.
Physiol. 102A:289-293.
Briles, D. E., C. Forman, S. Hudak, and J. L. Chaflin. 1982. Anti-
phosphorylcholine antibodies of the T15 idiotype are optimally protective
against {IStreptococcus} {Ipneumoniae}. J. Exp. Med. 156:1177-9999.
Briles, W. E., H. A. Stone, and R. K. Coles. 1977. Marek's disease: effects of B
histocompatability isoalleles in resistant and susceptible chicken lines.
Science 195:193-999.
Brindley, P. J., and C. Dobson. 1983. Genetic control of liability to infection
with Nematospiroides dubius in mice: direct and correlated responses to
selection of mice for faecal parasite egg count. Parasitology 87:113-127.
Brindley, P. J., S. He, P. Sitepu, W. A. Pattie, and C. Dobson. 1986.
Inheritance of immunity in mice to challenge with {INematospiroides} {Idubius}.
Heredity 57:53-58.
Brinkhof, M. W. G., P. Heeb, M. Kolliker, and H. Richner. 1999. Immunocompetence
of nestling great tits in relation to rearing environment and parentage. Pro.
Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 266:2315-2322.
Brisbin, I. L., and R. A. Kennamer. 1987. Growth characteristics of wood ducks
from two southeastern breeding locations. Wilson Bulletin 99:91-94.
Brisbin, I. L., and L. J. Tally. 1973. Age-specific changes in the major body
weight components and caloric value of growing Japanese quail. Auk 90:624-
635.
Briskie, J. V., and S. G. Sealy. 1989. Nest-failure and the evolution of
hatching asynchrony in the least flycatcher. J. Anim. Ecol. 58:653-665.
Briskie, J. V., S. G. Sealy, and K. A. Hobson. 1992. Behavioral defenses against
avian brood parasitism in sympatric and allopatric host populations.
Evolution 46:334-340.
Briskie, J., V, and S. G. Sealy. 1989. Determination of clutch size in the least
flycatcher. Auk 106:269-278.
Brittas, R. 1988. Nutrition and reproduction of the willow grouse Lagopus
lagopus in central Sweden. Orn. Scand. 19:49-57.
Britten, R. J., W. F. Baron, D. B. Stout, and E. H. Davidson. 1988. Sources and
evolution of human Alu repeated sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A.
85:4770-4774.
Brittingham, M. C., and S. A. Temple. 1988. Impacts of supplemental feeding on
survival rates of black-capped chickadees. Ecology 69:581-589.
Brittingham, M. C., S. A. Temple, and R. M. Duncan. 1988. A survey of the
prevalence of selected bacteria in wild birds. J. Wildl. Dis. 24:299-307.
Britton, C., G. J. Canto, G. M. Urquhart, and M. W. Kennedy. 1992 Mar. The
antibody repertoire in infection and vaccination with Dictyocaulus viviparus:
heterogeneity in infected cattle and genetic control in guinea pigs. Vet.
Immunol. Immunopathol. 31:313-322.
Britton, W. M., C. H. Hill, and C. W. Barber. 1964. A mechanism of interaction
between dietary protein levels and coccidiosis in chicks. J. Nutr. 82:306-
310.
Brocker Vriends, A. H., E. Briet, R. Quadt, J. C. Dreesen, E. Bakker, R.
Claassen Tegelaar, H. H. Kanhai, K. J. J. van de, and P. L. Pearson. 1987.
Genotype assignment of haemophilia A by use of intragenic and extragenic
restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Thromb. Haem. 57:131-136.
Brodeur, P. H., and R. Riblet. 1984. The immunoglobulin heavy chain variable
region (Igh-V) locus in the mouse I. One hundred Igh-V genes comprise seven
families of homologous genes. Eur. J. Immunol. 14:922-930.
Brodsky, L. M., C. D. Ankney, and D. G. Dennis. 1988. The influence of male
dominance pn social interactions in black ducks and mallards. Anim. Behav.
36:1371-1378.
---. 1989. Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards.
Can. J. Zool. 67:1434-1438.
Bromwich, C. R., and J. J. Schall. 1986. Infection dynamics of {UPlasmodium}
{Umexacanum}, a malarial parasite of lizards. Ecology 67:1227-1235.
Bronson, F. H. 1979. The reproductive ecology of the house mouse. Q. Rev. Biol.
54:265-299.
Bronson, R., D. Birt, and S. N. Meydani. 1999. Biomarkers as early predictors of
long term health status and human immune function. Nutrition Reviews 57:
(2)S7-(2S12.
Brooke, M. de L. 1978. Weights and measurements of the Manx shearwater (Puffinus
puffinus). Journal of Zoology (London) 186:359-374.
---. 1986. Manx shearwater chicks: seasonal, parental, and genetic influences on
the chick's age and weight at fledging. Condor 88:324-327.
Brooke, M. M. 1945. Effect of dietary changes upon avian malaria. Am. J. Hyg.
41:81-108.
Brooker, L. C., and M. G. Brooker. 1990. Why are cuckoos host specific? Oikos
57:301-309.
Brookes, P. S., J. A. Buckingham, A. M. Tenreiro, A. J. Hulbert, and M. D.
Brand. 1998. The proton permeability of the inner membrane of liver
mitochondria from ectothermic and endothermic vertebrates and from obese
rats: Correlations with standard metabolic rate and phospholipid fatty acid
composition. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 119:325-334.
Brooks, B. L., and S. A. Temple. 1990. Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike opulation
in Minnesota. Wilson Bulletin 102:441-450.
Brooks-Wilson, A. R., P. N. Goodfellow, S. Povey, H. A. Nevanlinna, P. J. De
Jong, and P. J. Goodefellow. 1990. Rapid cloning and characterization of new
chromosome 10 DNA markers by Alu element-mediated PCR. Genomics 7:614-620.
Brown, C. R. 1986. Cliff swallow colonies as information centers. Science 234:
83-85.
---. 1988. Energy requirments for growth of Salvin's Prions Pachyptila vittata
salvini, Blue petrels Halobaena caerulea and great-winged petrels Pterodroma
macroptera. Ibis 130:527-534.
Brown, C. R., and M. B. Brown. 1986. Ectoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in
cliff swallows Hirundo pyrhonota. Ecology 67:1206-1218.
---. 2002. Spleen volume varies with colony size and parasite load in a colonial
bird. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 269:1367-1373.
Brown, C. R., C. S. David, S. J. Khare, and R. McLeod. 1994 May 1. Effects of
human class I transgenes on Toxoplasma gondii cyst formation. J. Immunol.
152:4537-4541.
Brown, C. R., and R. McLeod. 1990. Class I MHC genes and CD8{++} T cells determine
cyst number in {IToxoplasma gondii} infection. J. Immunol. 145:3438-3441.
Brown, D. H., and B. S. Zwilling. 1996. Neuroimmunology of host-microbial
interactions, pp. 153-172. {IIn} H. Friedman, T. W. Klein and A. L. Freidman
(eds.), Psychoneuroimmunology, stress, and infection, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Brown, J. 1988. Patch use as an indicator of habitat preference, predation risk,
and competition. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23:37-47.
Brown, J. H., T. Jardetzky, M. A. Saper, B. Samraoui, P. J. Bjorkman, and D. C.
Wiley. 1988. A hypothetical model of the foreign antigen binding site of
Class II histocompatibility molecules. Nature 332:845-850.
Brown, J. H., T. S. Jardetzky, J. C. Gorga, L. J. Stern, R. G. Urban, J. L.
Strominger, and D. C. Wiley. 1993. Three-dimensional structure of the human
class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Nature 364:33-39.
Brown, J. L. 1983. Some paradoxical goals of cells and organisms: the role of
the MHC. In Ethical Questions in Brain and Behavior. D.W. Pfaff:ed.(NewYork:
SpringerVerlag),pp.111-124.
---. 1987. Helping and Communal Breeding in Birds. Princeton University Press,
Princeton, New Jersey.
Brown, J. L., and A. Eklund. 1994. Kin recognition and the major
histocompatibility complex: an integrative review. Am. Nat. 143:435-461.
Brown, K. I., and K. E. Nestor. 1973. Some physiological responses of turkeys
selected for high and low adrenal responses to cold stress. Poul. Sci. 52:
1948-1954.
Brown, L., R. N. Nygard, M. Graham, C. Bono, L. V. Braciale, J. Gorka, B.
Schwartz, and J. T. Braciale. 1991. Recognition of the influenza
hemagglutinin by class ii MHc-restricted T lymphocytes and antibodies. J.
Immunol. 147:2677.
Brown, M. B., and L. Reyes. 1991. Immunoglobulin Class- and Subclass-Specific
Responses to Mycoplasma pulmonis in Sera and Secretions of Naturally Infected
Sprague-Dawley Female Rats. Asm 59:2181-2185.
Brown, M. E. 1996. Assessing body condition in birds. Current Ornithology 13:67-
135.
Brown, R., R. J. Price, M. G. King, and A. J. Husband. 1989. Interleukin-1 beta
and muramyl dipeptide can prevent decreased antibody response associated with
sleep deprivation. Brain Behav. Immun. 3:320-321.
---. 1990. Are antibiotic effects on sleep behavior in the rat due to modulation
of gut bacteria. Physiol. Behav. 48:561-565.
Brown, R. E. 1988. Individual odors of rats are discriminable independently of
changes in gonadal hormone levels. Physiol. Behav. 43:359-363.
---. 1992. Responses of dominant and subordinate male rats to the odors of male
and female conspecifics. Aggressive Behavior 18:129-138.
Brown, R. E., B. Roser, and P. B. Singh. 1989. Class I and class II regions of
the major histocompatibility complex both contribute to individual odors in
congenic inbred strains of rats. Behav. Genet. 19:658-674.
---. 1990. The MHC and individual odors in rats, pp. 228-243. {IIn} D. W.
MacDonald, D. Mller-Schwarze and S. E. Natynczuk (eds.), Chemical Signals in
Vertebrates V, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Brown, R. E., and P. B. Singh. Roser, B. 1987. The major histocompatibility
complex and the chemosensory recognition of individuality in rats. Physiology
and Behavior:40.
Brown, R. E., P. B. Singh, and B. Roser. 1987. The major histocompatability
complex and chemosensory recognition of individuality in rats. Physiol.
Behav. 40:65-73.
Brown, R. Z. 1953. (1953). Social behavior, reproduction, and population changes
in the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). Ecol. Monogr. 23:217-240.
Brown, W. H., M. George, and A. C. Wilson. 1979. Rapid evolution of animal
mitochondrial DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 76:1967-1971.
Brown, W. H., E. H. Prager, A. Wang, and A. C. Wilson. 1982. Mitochondrial DNA
sequences of primates: tempo and mode of evolution. J. Mol. Evol. 18:225-239.
Brown, W. Y. 1976. Growth and fledging age of sooty tern chicks. Auk 93:179-183.
---. 1976. Growth and fledging age of the brown noddy in Hawaii. Condor 78:263-
264.
Brownstein, D. G., P. N. Bhatt, L. Gras, and T. Budris. 1992. Serial backcross
analysis of genetic resistance to mousepox, using marker loci for {IRmp-2} and
{IRmp-3}. J. Virol. 66:7073-7079.
Brownstein, D. G., P. N. Bhatt, L. Gras, and R. O. Jacoby. 1991. Chromosomal
locations and gonadal dependence of genes that mediate resistance to
ectromelia (mousepox) virus-induced mortality. J. Virol. 65:1946-1951.
Bruce, H. M. 1959. An exteroceptive block to pregnancy in the mouse. Nature 164:
105-999.
Brunsberg, U., K. Gustafsson, L. Jansson, E. Michaelsson, L. Ahrlund-Richter, S.
Pettersson, R. Mattsson, and R. Holmdahl. 1994 Jul. Expression of a
transgenic class II Ab gene confers susceptibility to collagen-induced
arthritis. Eur. J. Immunol. 24:1698-1702.
Bruunsgaard, H., M. S. Jensen, P. Schjerling, J. Halkjaer-Kristensen, K. Ogawa,
P. Skinhoj, and B. K. Pedersen. 1999. Exercise induces recruitment of
lymphocytes with an activated phenotype and short telomeres in young and
elderly humans. Life Sci. 65:2623-2633.
Bryan, A. L., and M. C. Coulter. 1995. Foraging strategies and energetic costs
of foraging flights by breeding wood storks. Condor 97:133-140.
Bryant, D. M., and P. Tatner. 1991. Intraspecies variation in avian energy
expenditure: correlates and constraints. Ibis 133:236-245.
Bryant, V. 1973). The life cycle of Nematospiroides dubius, Baylis 1926
(Nematoda:Heligmosomidae. J. Helminthol. 47:263-268.
Buchanan, K. L. 2000. Stress and the evolution of condition- dependent signals.
Trends Ecol. Evol. 15:156-160.
Buchanan, K. L., C. K. Catchpole, J. W. Lewis, and A. Lodge. 1999. Song as an
indicator of parasitism in the sedge warbler. Anim. Behav. 57:307-314.
Buchber, A. M., H. G. Bedigian, B. A. Taylor, E. Brownell, J. N. Ihle, S.
Nagata, N. A. Jenkins, and N. G. Copeland. 1988. Needs title badly. Oncogene
2:149.
Bucher, T. L. 1983. Parrot eggs, embryos, and nestlings: patterns and energetics
of growth and development. Physiol. Zool. 56:465-483.
Bucher, T. L., G. A. Bartholomew, W. Z. Trivelpiece, and N. J. Volkman. 1986.
Metabolism, growth, and activity in Adelie and Emporer penguin embryos. Auk
103:485-493.
Buchsbaum, R., J. Wilson, and I. Valiela. 1986. Digestibility of plant
constituents by Canada geese and Atlantic brant. Ecology 67:386-393.
Buck, L. B. 1993. Receptor diversity and spatial patterning in the mammalian
olfactory system. Ciba. Found. Symp. 179:51-64.
Bucy, R. P., C. L. Chen, and M. D. Cooper. 1990. Development of cytoplasmic
CD3+/T cell receptor-negative cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of
chickens. Eur. J. Immunol. 20:1345-1350.
Budeau, D. A., J. T. Ratti, and C. R. Ely. 1991. Energy dynamics, foraging
ecology, and behavior of prenesting greater white-fronted geese. Journal of
Wildlife Management 55:556-563.
Bugawan, T. L., G. Angelini, J. Larrick, S. Auricchio, G. Ferrara, and H. A.
Erlich. 1989. A combination of a particular HLA-DP allele and an HLA-DQ
heterodimer confers susceptibility to coeliac disease. Nature 339:470-473.
Bugawan, T. L., A. B. Begovich, and H. A. Erlich. 1990. Rapid HLA-DP typing
using enzymatically amplified DNA and nonradioactive sequence-specific
oligonucleotide probes. Immunogenetics 32:231-241.
Bugawan, T. L., G. T. Horn, C. Long, E. Mickelson, J. Hansen, G. Ferrara, G.
Angelini, and H. A. Erlich. 1988. Analysis of HLA-DP allelic sequence
polymorphism using the in vitro enzymatic NDA amplification of DP- and DP-
loci. J. Immunol. 141:4024-4030.
Buitkamp, J., P. Filmether, M. J. Stear, and J. T. Epplen. 1996. Class I and
class II major histocompatibility complex alleles are associated with faecal
egg counts following natural predominantly {IOstertagia circumcincta} infection.
Parasitol. Res. 82:693-696.
Bundy, D. A. P., and U. J. Blumenthal. 1990. Human behavior and the epidemiology
of helminth infections: the role of behavior in exposure to infection. {IIn} C.
J. Barnard and J. M. Behnke (eds.), Parasitism and host behavior, Taylor and
Francis, London.
Bundy, D. A. P., and G. F. Medley. 1992. Immuno-epidemiology of human
geohelminthiasis: ecological and immunological determinants of worm burderns.
Parasitology 104:S105-S119.
Burger, J. 1981. On becoming independent in herring gulls: parent-young
conflict. Am. Nat. 117:444-456.
---. 1982. The role of reproductive success in colony-site selection and
abandonment in black skimmers (Rynchops niger). Auk 99:109-115.
---. 1986. Selection for equitability in some aspects of reproductive investment
in herring gulls Larus argentatus. Orn. Scand. 18:17-23.
Burger, J., and M. Gochfeld. 1991. Nest-site selection by the Herald Petrel and
White-tailed Tropicbird on Round Island, Indian Ocean. Wilson Bulletin 103:
126-130.
Burkholder, W. J., and W. S. Swecker. 1990. Nutritional influences on immunity.
Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Small Animal) 5:154-166.
Burley, N. 1980. Clutch overlap and clutch size: alternative and complementary
reproductive tactics. Am. Nat. 115:223-246.
Burley, N., S. C. Tidemann, and K. Halupka. 1991. Bill color and parasite levels
in zebra finches, pp. 359-376. {IIn} J. L. Loye and M. Zuk (eds.), Bird-parasite
interactions, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Burmester, G. R., A. Daser, T. Kamradt, A. Krause, N. A. Mitchison, J. Sieper,
and N. Wolf. 1995. Immunology of reactive arthritides. Annu. Rev. Immunol.
13:229-250.
Burney, R. O., K. D. Pile, K. Gibson, A. Calin, L. G. Kennedy, P. J. Sinnott, S.
H. Powis, and B. P. Wordsworth. 1994 Jan. Analysis of the MHC class II
encoded components of the HLA class I antigen processing pathway in
ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 53:58-60.
Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 1984. Tests of compensatory vs. additive
hypotheses of mortality in mallards. Ecology 65:105-112.
Burns, R. B. 1976. Specific antibody production against a soluble antigen in the
Harderian gland of the domestic fowl. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 26:371-374.
---. 1982. Histology and immunology of Peyer's patches in the domestic fowl
({IGallus} {Idomesticus}). Res. Vet. Sci. 31:335-342.
Burry-Caines, J. R., and G. F. Bennett. 1992. The haemoproteidae (Apicomplexa:
haemosporina) of the avian families Fringillidae and Emberizidae s.l. Can. J.
Zool. 70:1149-1160.
Burt, A., and G. Bell. 1987. Mammalian chiasma frequencies as a test of the two
theories of recombination. Nature 326:803-805.
---. 1987. Red Queen versus tangled bank models: Burt and Bell reply. Nature
330:118.
---. 1991. Seed reproduction is associated with a transient escape from
parasites. Oikos 61:145-148.
Burt, R. D., T. L. Vaughn, B. Nisperos, M. Swanson, and M. Berwick. 1994. A
protective association between the HLA-A2 antigen and nasopharyngeal
carcinoma in US caucasians. Int. J. Cancer. 56:465-467.
Burtch, V. 1922. Maggots in the ears of nestling Cooper's hawks ({IAccipiter}
{Icooperi}). Auk 37:293.
Burton, R. R., and C. Guion. 1968. The differential leukocyte count : its
precision and individuality in the chicken. Poul. Sci. 47:1945-1949.
Bustnes, J. O., and K. E. Erikstad. 1991. The role of failed nesters and brood
abandoning females in the creching system of the common eider Somateria
mollissima. Orn. Scand. 22:335-339.
---. 1991. Parental care in the common eider (Somateria mollissima): Factors
affecting abandonment and adoption of young. Can. J. Zool. 69:1538-1545.
Butcher, G. D., R. H. Harms, and R. W. Winterfield. 1989. Relationship between
delayed onset of egg rpoduction and involution of the bursa of Fabricius in
Whire Leghorn chickens. Avian Dis. 33:361-364.
Butcher, G. W., and J. C. Howard. 1986. The MHC of the laboratory rat, Rattus
norvegicus. In Handbook of experimental immunology, Vol. 3, Genetics and
molecular immunology. D.M. Weir:ed.(OXford:Blackwell),pp.101.1-101.18.
Butler, E. J. 1983. Plasma proteins. {IIn} B. M. Freeman (ed.), Physiology and
biochemistry of the domestic fowl, vol. 4, Academic, London.
Butlin, R. 1987. Speciation by reinforcement. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2:8-13.
Buttner, M. 1993. Principles of paramunization. Option and limits in veterinary
medicine. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16:1-
10.
Buus, S., A. Sette, and H. M. Grey. 1987. The interaction between protein-
derived immunogenic peptides and Ia. Immunol. Rev. 98:115-141.
Byers, B., and L. Goetsch. 1982. Reversible pachytene arrest of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae at elevated temperature. Mol. G. Genet. 187:47-53.
Byrd, G., V, and T. C. Telfer. 1984. A cross-fostering experiment with Newell's
race of Manx shearwater. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:163-168.
Byrkjedal, I., and J. A. Kalas. 1985. Seasonal variation in egg size in golden
plover Pluvialis apricaria and dotterel Charadrius morinellus populations.
Orn. Scand. 16:108-112.
Cabana, G., and D. L. Kramer. 1991. Random offspring mortality and variation in
parental fitness. Evolution 45:228-234.
Cade, T. J. 1982. The falcons of the world. Comstock/Cornell University Press,
Ithaca.
Cade, W. H. 1981. Alternate male strategies: genetic differences in crickets.
Science 212:563-564.
Caillat-Zucman, S., H. J. Garchon, J. Timsit, R. Assan, C. Boitard, I. Djilali-
Saiah, P. Bougneres, and J. F. Bach. 1992 Dec. Age-dependent HLA genetic
heterogeneity of type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Invest.
90:2242-2250.
Cairns, D. K. 1987. Seabirds as indicators of marine food supply. Biol. Oceanog.
5:261-271.
---. 1989. The regulatin of seabird colony size: a hinterland model. Am. Nat.
134:141-146.
---. 1992. Population regulation of seabird colonies, pp. 37-61. {IIn} D. M. Power
(ed.), Current Ornithology, vol. 9, Plenum Press, New York.
Caithness, T., M. Williams, and J. D. Nichols. 1991. Survival and band recovery
rates of symnpatric grey ducks and mallards in New Zealand. Journal of
Wildlife Management 55:111-118.
Caldow, R. W. G., and R. W. Furness. 1991. The relationship between
kleptoparasitism and plumage polymorphism in the arctic skua Stercorarius
parasiticus (L.). Func. Ecol. 5:331-339.
Caldwell, G. S. 1986. Predation as a selective force on foraging herons: effects
of plumage color and flocking. Auk 103:494-505.
Calhoun, J. B. 1962. The ecology and sociology of the Norway rat (Washington
D.C. U.S. Dept. of Health:EducationandWelfare).
Calle, P. P., and C. A. Stewart. 1987. Hematologic and serum chemistry values of
captive hyacinth macaws ({UAnodorhynchus} {Uhyacinthus}). Journal of Zoo Animal
Medicine 18:98-99.
Calman, A. F., and B. M. Peterlin. 1988. Evidence for a trans-acting factor that
regulates the transcription of class II major histocompatibility complex
genes: genetic and functional analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 85:
8830-8834.
Calow, P. 1979. The cost of reproduction- a physiological approach. Biological
Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 54:23-40.
---. 1983. Pattern and paradox in parasite reproduction. Parasitology 86:197-
207.
Cam, E., W. A. Link, E. G. Cooch, J.-Y. Monnat, and E. Danchin. 2002. Individual
covariation in life-history traits: seeing the trees despite the forest. Am.
Nat. 159:96-105.
Cameron, A. C., and P. K. Trivedi. 1986. Econometric models based on count data:
comparisons and applications of some estimators and tests. Journal of Applied
Econometrics 1:29-53.
Cameron, P. U., S. A. Mallal, M. A. French, and R. L. Dawkins. 1990. Major
histocompatibility complex genes influence the outcome of HIV infection.
Ancestral haplotypes with C4 null alleles explain diverse HLA associations.
Hum. Immunol. 29:282-295.
Campbell, R. D., and C. M. Milner. 1993 Dec. MHC genes in autoimmunity. Curr.
Opin. Immunol. 5:887-893.
Campbell, T. W. 1988. Avian hematology and cytology. Iowa State University
Press, Ames, IA.
Camplani, A., N. Saino, and A. P. Moller. 1999. Carotenoids, sexual signals and
immune function in barn swallows from Chernobyl. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol.
Sci. 266:1111-1116.
Candias, S., C. Waltzinger, C. Benoist, and D. Mathis. 1991. The V17+ T cell
repertoire: Skewed J usage after thymic selection; dissimilar CDR3s in CD4+
Versus CD8+ cells. J. Exp. Med. 174:989-1000.
Canello, M., M. R. Ravazio, M. A. Paschoalini, and N. J. Marino. 1993. Food
deprivation-vs. intraventricular adrenaline-induced feeding and postprandial
behaviors in the pigeon (Columba livia). Physiol. Behav. 54:1075-1079.
Cannon, J. G., and M. J. Kluger. 1983. Endogenous pyrogen activity in human
plasma after exercise. Science 220:617-619.
---. 1984. Exercise enhances survival rate in mice infected with {ISalmonella}
{Ityphimurium}. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 175:518-521.
Caraco, T. 1980. Stochastic dynamics of avian foraging flocks. Am. Nat. 115:262-
275.
Cardell, S., M. Merkenschlager, H. Bodmer, S. Chan, D. Cosgrove, C. Benoist, and
D. Mathis. 1994. The immune system of mice lacking conventional MHC class II
molecules. Adv. Immunol. 55:423-440.
Carey, A. B., S. P. Horton, and B. L. Biswell. 1992. Northern spotted owls:
influence of prey base and landscape character. Ecol. Monogr. 62:223-250.
Carey, C. 1996. Female reproductive energetics, pp. 324-374. {IIn} C. Carey (ed.),
Avian energetics and nutritional ecology, Chapman and Hall, New York.
Carey, M. 1990. Effects of brood size and nestling age on parental care by male
field sparrows (Spizella pusilla). Auk 107:580-586.
Cargill, S. M. 1981. The effects of grazing by lesser snow geese on the
vegetation of an arctic salt marsh. MSc, University of Toronto.
Cargill, S. M., and F. Cooke. 1981. Correlation of laying and hatching sequences
in clutches in the Lesser Snow Goose (Anser caerulescens caerulescens). Can.
J. Zool. 59:1201-1204.
Cargill, S. M., and R. L. Jefferies. 1984. The effects of grazing by lesser snow
geese on the vegetation of a sub-arctic salt marsh. J. Appl. Ecol. 21:669-
686.
---. 1984. Nutrient limitation of primary production in a sub-arctic salt marsh.
J. Appl. Ecol. 21:657-668.
Carlsten, H., and A. Tarkowski. 1993 Oct. Histocompatibility complex gene
products and exposure to oestrogen: two independent disease accelerating
factors in murine lupus. Scand. J. Immunol. 38:341-347.
Carmi, N., B. Pinshow, M. Horowitz, and M. H. Bernstein. 1993. Birds conserve
plasma volume during thermal and flight-incurred dehydration. Physiol. Zool.
66:829-846.
Carney, W. P. 1969. Behavioral and morphological changes in carpenter ants
harboring dicrocoeliid metacercariae. American Midland Naturalist 82:605-611.
Caro, T. M., and M. K. Laurenson. 1994. Ecological and genetic factors in
conservation: a cautionary tale. Science 263:485-486.
Carr, S. M., S. W. Ballinger, J. N. Derr, L. H. Blankenship, and J. W. Bickham.
1986. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of hybridization between sympatric white-
tailed deer and mule deer in west Texas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 83:
9576-9580.
Carroll, R. J., and D. B. H. Cline. 1988. An asymptotic theory for weighted
least-squares with weights estimated by replication. Biometrika 75:35-43.
Carsia, R. V., H. Weber, and T. J. Lauterio. 1988. Protein malnutrition in the
domestic fowl induces alterations in adrenocortical function. Endocrinology
122:673-680.
Carson, D. A. 1992 Jul. Genetic factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of
autoimmunity. Faseb. J. 6:2800-2805.
Carson, H. L., P. S. Nair, and F. M. Sene. 1975. {IDrosophila} hybrids in nature:
proof of gene exchange between sympatric species. Science 189:806-807.
Cartar, R., V, and B. E. Lyon. 1988. The mating system of the buff-breasted
sandpiper: lekking and resource defense polygyny. Orn. Scand. 19:74-76.
Carter, R., L. Schofield, and K. Mendis. 1992. HLA effects in malaria: increased
parasite-killing immunity or reduced immunopathology. Parasit. Today 8:41-42.
Casali, P., and A. L. Notkins. 1989. CD5+ B lymphocytes, polyreactive antibodies
and the human B-cell repertoire. Immunol. Today 10:364-368.
Casanova, J. L., J. C. Cerottini, M. Matthes, A. Necker, H. Gournier, C. Barra,
C. Widmann, H. R. MacDonald, F. Lemonnier, B. Malissen, et al. 1992. H-2-
restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for HLA display T cell receptors
of limited diversity. Journal of Experimental Medicine 176:439-447.
Caspi, R. R. 1992 Sep-Oct. Immunogenetic aspects of clinical and experimental
uveitis. Reg. Immunol. 4:321-330.
Cassell, G. H., and A. Hill. UNKNOWN YEAR. (1979). Murine and Other Small-Animal
Mycoplasmas. In Mycoplasamas V. AnonymousNew York: Academic Press), pp. 235-
273. .
Cassell, G. H., J. R. Lindsey, J. K. Davis, M. K. Davidson, M. B. Brown, and J.
G. Mayo. 1981). Detection of Natural Mycoplasma pulmonis Infection in Rats
and Mice by an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA. Lab. Sciences 31:
676-682.
Castao, L., and G. S. Eisenbarth. 1990. Type I diabetes: A chronic autoimmune
disease of human, mouse and rat. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 8:647-679.
Casto, J. M., V. Nolan, and E. D. Ketterson. 2001. Steroid hormones and immune
function: experimental studies in wild and captive dark-eyed juncos ({IJunco}
{Ihyemalis}). Am. Nat. 157:408-420.
Castro, G., N. Stoyan, and J. P. Myers. 1989. Assimilation efficiency in birds:
a function of taxon or food type? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 92A:271-278.
Catzeflis, F. M., F. H. Shelton, J. E. Ahlquist, and C. G. Sibley. 1987. DNA-DNA
hybridization evidence of the rapid rate of murioid rodent DNA evolution.
Mol.Biol.Evol. 4:242-253.
Causey, O. R. 1939. The effect of splenectomy on the course of malarial
infection in canaries. Am. J. Hyg. 30:93-99.
Cavan, D. A., M. A. Penny, K. H. Jacobs, M. A. Kelly, D. Jenkins, C. Mijovic, C.
Chow, C. S. Cockram, B. R. Hawkins, and A. H. Barnett. 1994 Jan. The HLA
association with Graves' disease is sex-specific in Hong Kong Chinese
subjects. Clin. Endocrinol. Oxf. 40:63-66.
Cave, A. J. 1968. The breeding of the kestrel, {UFalco} {Utinnunculus} L., in the
reclaimed area Oostelijk Flevoland. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 18:313-
407.
Cave, A. J., J. Visser, and A. C. Perdeck. 1989. Size and quality of the coot
Fulica atra territory in relation to age of its tenants and neighbours. Ardea
77:87-98.
Ceddia, M. A., E. A. Price, C. K. Kohlmeier, J. K. Evans, Q. Lu, E. McAuley, and
J. A. Woods. 1999. Differential leukocytosis and lymphocyte mitogenic
response to acute maximal exercise in the young and old. Medicine and Science
in Sports and Exercise 31:829-836.
Cedergren, R., M. W. Gray, Y. Abel, and D. Sankoff. 1988. The evolutionary
relationships among known life forms. J. Mol. Evol. 28:98-112.
Celada, A., and R. A. Maki. 1989. DNA binding of the mouse class II major
histocompatibility CCAAT factor depends on two components. Mol. Cell. Biol.
9:3097-3100.
Celada, A., S. McKercher, and R. A. Maki. 1993. Repression of major
histocompatibility complex IA expression by glucocorticoids: the
glucocorticoid receptor inhibits the DNA binding of X box DNA binding
protein. J. Exp. Med. 177:691-698.
Celada, A., M. Shiga, M. Imagawa, J. Kop, and R. A. Maki. 1988. Identification
of a nuclear factor that binds to a conserved sequence of the I-A gene. J.
Immunol. 140:3995-4002.
Cerna, M., M. Fernandez-Vina, H. Friedman, J. R. Moraes, M. E. Moraes, L. Diaz,
and P. Stastny. 1993 Sep. Genetic markers for susceptibility to endemic
Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus (Fogo Selvagem) in Xavante Indians. Tissue
Antigens 42:138-140.
Chakkalath, H. R., C. M. Theodos, J. S. Markowitz, M. J. Grusby, L. H. Glimcher,
and R. G. Titus. 1995. Class II major histocompatability complex-deficient
mice initially control an infection with {ILeishmania major} but succumb to the
disease. J. Inf. Dis. 171:1302-1308.
Chakravarti, B., and G. N. Abraham. 1999. Aging and Tcell mediated immunity.
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 108:183-206.
Chamberlain, X. X. 1980. Analysis of covariance with qualitative data. Review of
Economic Studies 43:225-238.
Chan, L. S., T. Wang, X. S. Wang, C. Hammerberg, and K. D. Cooper. 1994. High
frequency of HLA-DQB1*0301 allele in patients with pure ocular cicatricial
pemphigoid. Dermatology. 189 Suppl 1:99-101.
Chandiwana, S. K., M. E. J. Woolhouse, and M. Bradley. 1991. Factors affecting
the intensity of re-infection with {ISchistosoma} {Ihaemotobium} following
treatment with praziquantel. Parasitology 102:73-78.
Chandra, R. K. 1990. Micronutrients and immune functions: an overview. Ann. N.
Y. Acad. Sci. 587:9-16.
Chang, R. J. UNKNOWN YEAR. and Lee, S.H. (1986). Effects of interferon-gamma and
tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the expression of an Ia antigen on a murine
macrophage cell line. J. Immunol. 137, 2853-2856. .
Chang, R. J., and S. H. Lee. 1986. Effects of interferon-gamma and tumor
necrosis factor-alpha on the expression of an Ia antigen on a murine
macrophage cell line. J. Immunol. 137:2853-2856.
Chang, S. P., C. M. Nikaido, A. C. Hashimoto, C. Q. Hashiro, B. T. Yokota, and
G. S. Hui. 1994. Regulation of antibody specificity to Plasmodium falciparum
merozoite surface protein-1 by adjuvant and MHC haplotype. J. Immunol. 152:
3483-3490.
Chao, C. H., and Y. P. Lee. 2001. Relationship between reproductive performance
and immunity in Taiwan Country chickens. Poul. Sci. 80:535-540.
Chao, L. 1990. Fitness of RNA virus decreased by Muller's ratchet. Nature 348:
454-455.
Chaouat, G. 1990. The Immunology of the Fetus. CRC Presss, Boca Raton.
---. 1993. Immunology of Pregnancy. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Chaplin, S. B., M. M. Munson, and S. T. Knuth. 1997. The effect of exercise and
restraint on pectoral muscle metabolism in pigeons. Journal of Comparative
Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 167:197-203.
Chapman, J. A., C. J. Henny, and H. M. Wight. 1969. The status, population
dynamics, and harvest of the dusky Canada goose. Wildl. Monog. 18:1-48.
Chapman, R. W., J. C. Stephens, R. A. Lansman, and J. C. Avise. 1982. Models of
mitochondrial DNA transmission genetics and evolution in higher eucaryotes.
Genet. Res. 40:41-57.
Chappell, M. A., V. H. Shoemaker, D. N. Janes, S. K. Maloney, and T. L. Bucher.
1993. Energetics of foraging in breeding adelie penguins. Ecology 74:2450-
2461.
Chappell, M. A., M. Zuk, and T. S. Johnsen. 1996. Repeatability of aerobic
performance in red junglefowl: Effects of ontogeny and nematode infection.
Func. Ecol. 10:578-585.
Chappell, S. A., and R. E. Brannian. 1984. Serum chemistry in east African
crowned cranes. Zoo animal medicine 15:32-34.
Chardine, J. W., and R. D. Morris. 1989. Sexual size dimorphism and assortative
mating in the brown noddy. Condor 91:868-874.
Charlesworth, B. 1994. THe evolution of lethals in the {It}-haplotype system of the
mouse. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 258:101-107.
Charlesworth, D., and B. Charlesworth. 1987. Inbreeding depression and its
evolutionary consequences. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18:237-268.
Charron, D. 1992 Apr. HLA class II disease associations: molecular basis. J.
Autoimmun. 5 Suppl A:45-53.
Chartier, B., and F. Cooke. 1980. Ross' Gulls (Rhodostethia rosea) nesting at
Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Amer. Birds 34:839-841.
Chatterjee, D. K., and H. N. Ray. 1971. Some observations on the morphology and
developmental stages of {UTrypanosoma} {Uavium} {Ubakeri} ssp.nov. from the red-
whiskered bulbul ({UOtocompsa} {Ujocosa} Linn.). Parasitology 62:331-338.
Chehresa, A., R. Beech, and M. E. Scott. 1997. Life-history variation among
lines isolated from a laboratory population of {IHeligmosomoides polygyrus}.
Int. J. Parasitol. 27:541-551.
Chen, C. H., T. W. F. Gbel, T. Kubota, and M. D. Cooper. 1994. T cell
development in the chicken. Poul. Sci. 73:1012-1018.
Chen, C.-Y., S. A. Cohen, M. B. Zaleski, and B. Albini. 1992. Genetic control of
streptococcus-induced hepatic granulomatous lesions in mice. Immunogenetics
36:28-32.
Cheng, I. C. UNKNOWN YEAR. (1993). Analysis of the multigenic inheritance of the
susceptibility to diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse
(Gainesville, FL: Dissertation, University of Florida). .
Cheng, S., and S. J. Lamont. 1988. Genetic analysis of immunocompetence measures
in a White Leghorn chicken line. Poul. Sci. 67:989-995.
Cheng, S., M. F. Rothschild, and S. J. Lamont. 1991. Estimates of quantitative
genetic parameters of immunological traits in the chicken. Poul. Sci. 70:
2023-2027.
Cherel, Y., J.-P. Robin, and Y. L. Maho. 1988. Physiology and biochemistry of
long-term fasting birds. Can. J. Zool. 66:159-166.
Chesnut, K., J.-X. She, I. Cheng, K. Muralidharan, and E. K. Wakeland. 1993.
Characterizations of the candidate genes for IDD susceptibility from the
diabetes-prone NOD mouse strain. Mamm. Genome 4:549-554.
Chesser, R. K. 1991. Influence of gene flow and breeding tactics on gene
diversity within populations. Genetics 129:573-583.
Chew, B. P. 1993. Role of carotenoids in the immune response. J. Dairy Sci. 76:
2804-2811.
Chhabra, P. C., and M. C. Goel. 1980. Normal profile of immunoglobulins in sera
and tracheal washings of chickens. Res. Vet. Sci. 29:148-152.
Chi, D. S., B. S. Bhogal, G. J. Fox, and G. J. Thorbecke. 1984. Effect of
temperature and lymphokines on mixed lymphocyte and mitogen responses of
chicken lymphoid cells in vitro. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 8:683-694.
Chicz, R. M., and R. G. Urban. 1994. Analysis of MHC-presented peptides:
applications in autoimmunity and vaccine development. Immunol. Today 15:155-
160.
Chicz, R. M., R. G. Urban, J. C. Gorga, W. S. Lane, L. J. Stern, D. A. A.
Vignali, and J. L. Strominger. 1992. The predominant naturally processed
peptides bound to HLA-DR1 are derived from MHC-related molecules and are
heterogeneous in size. Nature 358:764.
Chien, Y., D. M. Becker, T. Lindsten, M. Okamura, D. I. Cohen, and M. M. Davis.
1984. A third type of murine T-cell receptor gene. Nature 312:31-35.
Chien, Y., N. R. J. Gascoigne, J. Kavaler, N. E. Lee, and M. M. Davis. 1984.
Somatic recombination in a murine T-cell receptor gene. Nature 309:322-326.
Chien, Y., M. Iwashima, K. B. Kaplan, J. F. Elliott, and M. M. Davis. 1987. A
new T-cell receptor gene located within the alpha locus and expressed early
in T-cell differentiation. Nature 327:677-682.
Chintaguinpala, M. M., J. A. Mollick, and R. R. Rich. 1991. Staphylococcal
toxins bind to different sites on HLA-DR. J. Immunol. 147:3876-3881.
Choi, E., K. McIntyre, R. N. Germain, and J. G. Seidman. 1983. Murine I-A beta
chain polymorphism: nucleotide sequences of three allelic I-A beta genes.
Science 221:283-286.
Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by
acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analyt. Biochem.
162:156-159.
Chomel, B. B. 1993. The modern epidemiological aspects of rabies in the world.
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16:11-20.
Chou, R., C. Vardy, and R. L. Jefferies. 1992. Establishment from leaves and
other plant fragments produced by the foraging activities of geese. Func.
Ecol. 6:297-301.
Choudhury, S., J. M. Black, and M. Owen. 1992. Do barnacle geese pair
assortatively? Lessons from a long-term study. Anim. Behav. In press:000.
Christe, P., R. Arlettaz, and P. Vogel. 2000. Variation in intensity of a
parasitic mite ({ISpinturnix myoti}) in relation to the reproductive cycle and
immunocompetence of its bat host ({IMyotis myotis}). Ecol. Lett. 3:207-212.
Christe, P., F. de Lope, G. Gonzalez, N. Saino, and A. P. Moller. 2001. The
influence of environmental conditions on immune responses, morphology and
recapture probability of nestling house martins ({IDelichon urbica}). Oecologia
126:333-338.
Christe, P., A. P. Moller, and F. de Lope. 1998. Immunocompetence and nestling
survival in the house martin: the tasty chick hypothesis. Oikos 83:175-179.
Christe, P., A. P. Moller, N. Saino, and F. De Lope. 2000. Genetic and
environmental components of phenotypic variation in immune response and body
size of a colonial bird, {IDelichon urbica} (the house martin). Heredity 85:75-
83.
Christensen, J. P., O. Marker, and A. R. Thomsen. 1994. The role of CD4{++} T cells
in cell-mediated immunity to LCMV: studies in MHC class I and class II
deficient mice. Scand. J. Immunol. 40:373-382.
Christensen, M., T. Hartmund, and H. Gesser. 1994. Creatine kinase, energy-rich
phosphates and energy metabolism in heart muscle of different vertebrates.
Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systemic and Environmental
Physiology 164:118-123.
Christiansen, F. T., W. J. Zhang, M. Griffiths, S. A. Mallal, and R. L. Dawkins.
1991 Sep. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complement deficiency,
ancestral haplotypes and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): C4 deficiency
explains some but not all of the influence of the MHC. J. Rheumatol. 18:1350-
1358.
Christie, J. F., B. Dunbar, I. Davidson, and M. W. Kennedy. 1990. N-terminal
amino acid sequence identity between a major allergen of {IAscaris lumbricoides}
and {IAscaris suum}, and MHC-restricted IgE responses to it. Immunology 69:596-
602.
Christie, J. F., B. Dunbar, and M. W. Kennedy. 1993. The ABA-1 allergen of the
nematode Ascaris suum: epitope stability, mass spectrometry, and N-terminal
sequence comparison with its homologue in Toxocara canis. Clin. Exp. Immunol.
92:125-132.
Christie, J. F., E. M. Fraser, and M. W. Kennedy. 1992. Comparison between the
MHC-restricted antibody repertoire to {IAscaris} antigens in adjuvant-assisted
immunization or infection. Parasite Immunol. 14:59-73.
Chrousos, G. P., and P. W. Gold. 1992. The concepts of stress and stress system
disorders. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 267:1244-1252.
Chubb, L. G., and J. G. Rowell. 1959. Counting blood cells of chickens. Journal
of Agricultural Science 42:263-272.
Chung, K.-S., H. S. Lillehoj, and C. M. Jenkins. 1991. Avian leukocyte common
antigens: molecular weight determination and flow cytometric analysis using
new monoclonal antibodies. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 28:259-273.
Chung, Y., V. Folsom, and J. Wooley. 1983. DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the
chromatin of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
U. S. A. 80:2427-2431.
Church, G. M., A. Ephrussi, W. Gilbert, and S. Tonegawa. 1985. Cell-type-
specific contacts to immunoglobulin enhancers in nuclei. Nature 313:798-801.
Church, G. M., and W. Gilbert. 1984. Some useless title. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
U. S. A. 81:1991.
Cichon, M. 1997. Evolution of longevity through optimal resource allocation.
Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 264:1383-1388.
---. 2000. Costs of incubation and immunocompetence in the collared flycatcher.
Oecologia 125:453-457.
Cichon, M., A. Dubiec, and M. Chadzinska. 2001. The effect of elevated
reproductive effort on humoral immune function in collared flycatcher
females. Acta. Oecol. 22:71-76.
Cichon, M., P. Olejniczak, and L. Gustafsson. 1998. The effect of body condition
on the cost of reproduction in female collared flycatchers {IFicedula}
{Ialbicollis}. Ibis 140:128-130.
Cichon, M., J. Sendecka, and L. Gustafsson. 2003. Age-related decline in humoral
immune function in collared flycatchers. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16:
1205-1210.
Ciriaco, E., O. Garcia-Suarez, A. Ricci, F. Abbate, G. Piedimonte, and J. A.
Vega. 1997. Trk-like proteins during the post-hatching growth of the avian
bursa of Fabricius. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 55:313-320.
Ciriaco, E., R. Laura, C. L. Mammola, G. Vita, G. Germanna, and J. A. Vega.
1994. Age-related changes in the secretory-dendritic cells of the pigeon
bursa of Fabricius: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Annals
of Anatomy 176:571-575.
Clamens, A., and P. Isenmann. 1989. Effect of supplemental food on the breeding
of blue and great tits in Mediterranean habitats. Orn. Scand. 20:36-42.
Clare, R. A., R. G. Strout, and R. L. Taylor et al. 1986. Major
histocompatibility (B) complex effects on acquired immunity to cecal
coccidiosis. Immunogenetics 22:593-599.
Clark, A. G., and T.-H. Kao. 1991. Excess nonsynonymous substitution at shared
polymorphic sites among self-incompatibility alleles of Solanaceae. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 88:9823-9827.
Clark, C. W., and C. D. Harvell. 1992. Inducible defenses and the allocation of
resources: a minimal model. Am. Nat. 139:521-539.
Clark, C. W., and R. C. Ydenberg. 1990. The risks of parenthood. I. General
theory and applications. Evol. Ecol. 4:21-34.
---. 1990. The risks of parenthood. II. Parent-offspring conflict. Evol. Ecol.
4:312-325.
Clark, D. A. 1991. Controversies in reproductive immunology. Crit. Rev. Immunol.
11:215-247.
Clark, D. A., P. J. Lamey, R. F. Jarrett, and D. E. Onions. 1994. A model to
study viral and cytokine involvement in Sjogren's syndrome. Autoimmunity 18:
7-14.
Clark, G. W., M. A. Lee, and D. E. Lieb. 1968. Avian hematozoa of central
Washington. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 4:15-17.
Clark, G. W., and B. Swinehart. 1966. Blood protozoa of passerine birds of the
Sacramento (Calif.) region. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 2:
53-54.
---. 1969. Avian hematozoa from the offshore islands of northern Mexico.
Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 5:111-112.
Clark, L. 1991. The nest protection hypothesis: the adaptive use of plant
secondary compounds by European starlings. {IIn} J. E. Loye and M. Zuk (eds.),
Bird-parasite interactions: ecology, evolution and behavior, Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
Clark, L., and J. R. Mason. 1988. Effect of biologically active plants used as
nest material and the derived benefit to starling nestlings. Oecologia 77:
174-180.
Clark, N. A., T. A. Varley, J. Evans, and G. A. Wright. 1987. Breeding success
of mallard Anas platyrhynchos at Loch Leven National Nature Reserve. Bird
Study 34:129-134.
Clark, S. J., and J. N. Perry. 1989. Estimation of the negative binomial
parameter by maximum quasi-liklihood. Biometrics 45:309-316.
Clark, S. P., R. Kaufhold, A. Chan, and T. W. Mak. 1985. Comparision of the
transciptional properties of the Friend and Moloney retrovirus long terminal
repeats: importance of tandem duplications and of the core enhancer sequence.
Virol. 144:481-494.
Clarke, B. 1976. The ecological genetics of host-parasite relationships, pp. 87-
103. {IIn} A. E. R. Taylor and R. Muller (eds.), Genetic aspects of host-
parasite relationships, Blackwell, Oxford.
Clarke, B., and D. R. S. Kirby. 1966. Maintenance of histocompatibility
polymorphisms. Nature 211:999-1000.
Clarke, M. F. 1988. The reproductive behaviour of the bell miner {IManorina}
{Imelanophrys}. Emu 88:100.
Clauss, M. J. 1989. The effects of grazing by the captive goslings of the lesser
snow goose on Carex subspathacea in a subarctic salt marsh. BSc, University
of Toronto.
Clay, T. M., J. L. Bidwell, M. R. Howard, and B. A. Bradley. 1991. PCR-
fingerprinting for selection of HLA matched unrelated marrow. Lancet 337:
1049-1052.
Clayton, D. 1991. Coevolution of avian grooming and ectoparasite avoidance. {IIn}
J. E. and M. Loye and M. Zuk (eds.), Bird-parasite interaction: ecology,
evolution and behavior, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
---. 1991. The influence of parasites on host sexual selection. Parasit. Today
7:329-334.
Clayton, D. H. 1990. Mate choice in experimentally parasitized rock doves: lousy
males lose. American Zoologist 30:251-262.
Clayton, D. H., and D. M. Tompkins. 1994. Ectoparasitic virulence is linked to
mode of transmission. Parasitology 256:211-217.
Clayton, N. S. 1990. The effect of cross-fostering on assortative mating between
zebra finch subspecies. Anim. Behav. 40:1102-1110.
Clifford, L. D., and D. J. Anderson. 2001. Food limitation explains most clutch
size variation in the Nazca booby. J. Anim. Ecol. 70:539-545.
---. 2001. Experimental demonstration of the insurance value of extra eggs in an
obligately siblicidal seabird. Behav. Ecol. 12:340-347.
---. 2002. Clutch size variation in the Nazca booby: a test of the egg quality
hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. 13:274-279.
Clobert, J., J. D. Lebreton, and D. Allaine. 1987. A general approach to
survival rate estimation by recaptures or resightings of marked birds. Ardea
75:133-142.
Cloud, S. S., H. S. Lillehoj, and J. K. Rosenberger. 1992. Immune dysfunction
following infection with chicken anemia agent and infectious bursal disease
virus I Kinetic alterations of avian lymphocyte subpopulations. Vet. Immunol.
Immunopathol. 34:337-352.
Cloutier, S., and J. Bedard. 1992. Social organization in snow geese: family
size and individual behavior. Wilson Bulletin 104:352-356.
Clubb, S. L., R. M. Schubot, K. Joyner, J. G. Zinkl, S. Wolf, J. Escobar, and M.
B. Kabbur. 1991. Hematologic and serum biochemical reference interval in
juvenile Cockatoos. Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians 5:14-
26.
Coatney, G. R. 1933. Relapse and associated phenomena in the {IHaemoproteus}
infection of the pigeon. Am. J. Hyg. 38:133-160.
---. 1935. The effect of atebrin and plasmochin on the {IHaemoproteus} infection of
the pigeon. Am. J. Hyg. 21:249-259.
Cochran, W. G. 1963. Sampling techniques. Wiley, New York.
Cochran, W. R. 1957. Sampling techniques. Wiley, New York.
Cockburn, A. 1992. Evolutionary ecology of the immune system: why does the
thymus involute? Func. Ecol. 6:364-370.
Coddington, J. A. 1988. Cladistic tests of adaptational hypotheses. Cladistics
4:3-22.
Cody, M. L. 1966. A general theory of clutch size. Evolution 20:174-184.
Cohen, I. R. 1992. The cognitive principle challenges clonal selection. Immunol.
Today 13:441-444.
Cohen, J. E., and C. M. Newman. 1989. Host-parasite relations and random zero-
sum games: the stabilizing effect of strategy diversification. Am. Nat. 133:
533-552.
Cohen, P. L., E. Creech, D. Nakul-Aquaronne, R. McDaniel, S. Ackler, R. G.
Rapoport, E. S. Sobel, and R. A. Eisenberg. 1993 Jun. Antigen nonspecific
effect of major histocompatibility complex haplotype on autoantibody levels
in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone lpr mice. J. Clin. Invest. 91:2761-
2768.
Cohen, Y. 1988. Bayesian estimation of clutch size for scientific and management
purposes. Journal of Wildlife Management 52:787-793.
Cole, B. C., R. N. Thorpe, L. A. Hassell, L. R. Washburn, and J. P. Ward. 1983.
Toxicity But Not Arthritogenicity of Mycoplasma arthritidis for Mice
Associates with the Haplotype Expressed at the Major Histocompatibility
Complex. Infect. Immun. 41:1010-1015.
Coleman, B. D., M. A. Mares, M. R. Willig, and Y.-H. Hsieh. 1982. Randomness,
area, and species richness. Ecology 63:1121-1133.
Coleman, T. S., and D. A. Boag. 1987. Foraging characteristics of Canada geese
on the Nisutlin River delta, Yukon. Can. J. Zool. 65:2358-2361.
---. 1987. Canada goose foods: their significance to weight gain. Wildfowl 38:
82-88.
Colgan, P., and F. Cooke. 1974. An analysis of group compositions in
assortatively mating populations. Biometrics 30:693-696.
Colle, E., A. Fuks, P. Poussier, P. Edouard, and R. D. Guttmann. 1992 Dec.
Polygenic nature of spontaneous diabetes in the rat. Permissive MHC haplotype
and presence of the lymphopenic trait of the BB rat are not sufficient to
produce susceptibility. Diabetes 41:1617-1623.
Collick, A., and A. C. Jeffreys. UNKNOWN YEAR. (1990). Detection of a novel
minisatellite-specific DNA-binding protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (3), 625-
629. .
Collins, W. E., G. M. Jeffery, J. C. Skinner, A. J. Harrison, and F. Arnold.
1966. Blood parasites of birds at Wateree, South Carolina. J. Parasitol. 52:
671-673.
Coltman, D. W., J. Pilkington, L. E. B. Kruuk, K. Wilson, and J. M. Pemberton.
2001. Positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size
in a free-living ungulate population. Evolution 55:2116-2125.
Colwell, M. A., C. L. Gratto, L. W. Oring, and A. J. Fivizzani. 1989. Effects of
blood sampling on shorebirds: injuries, return rates, and clutch desertions.
Condor 90:942-945.
Colwell, M. A., and L. W. Oring. 1988. Breeding biology of Wilson's phalarope in
southcentral Saskatchewan. Wilson Bulletin 100:567-582.
Combe, C. 1991. Ethological aspects of parasite transmission. Am. Nat. 138:866-
880.
Committee on Sea Turtle Conservation. 1991. Decline of the sea turtles, causes
and prevention. National Academy of Sciences Press, Washington, D.C.
Compston, A., H. Kellar-Wood, and N. Wood. 1994 Aug. Multiple sclerosis.
Baillieres. Clin. Neurol. 3:353-371.
Compton, M. M., P. S. Gibbs, and L. R. Johnson. 1990. Glucocorticoid activation
of deoxyribonucleic acid degradation in bursal lymphocytes. Poul. Sci. 69:
1292-1298.
Congdon, B. C. 1990. Brood enlargement and post-natal development in the black
noddy Anous minutus. Emu 90:241-247.
Congdon, L. L., J. N. Farmer, B. M. Longnecker, and R. P. Breitenbach. 1969.
Natural and acquired antibodies to {IPlasmodium} {Ilophurae} in intact and
bursaless chickens II. Immunofluorescent studies. J. Parasitol. 55:817-824.
Conley, A. J., J. C. Jung, N. K. Schwartz, C. M. Warner, M. F. Rothschild, and
S. P. Ford. 1988. Influence of SLA haplotypes on ovulation rate and litter
size in minature pigs. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 82:595-601.
Connan, R. M. 1976. Effect of lactation on the immune response to
gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet. Rec. 99:476-477.
Conner, J. L., and M. J. Bellucci. 1979. Natural selection resisting inbreeding
depression in captive wild housemice (mus musculus). Evolution 33:927-940.
Conner, R. N., M. E. Anderson, and J. G. Dickson. 1986. Relationships among
territory size, habitat, song, and nesting success of Northern Cardinals. Auk
103:23-31.
Connolly, J. M., T. A. Potter, E. Wormstall, and T. H. Hansen. 1988. The lyt-2
molecule recognizes residues in the class I 3 domain in allogeneic cytotoxic
t cell responses. J. Exp. Med. 168:325-341.
Connolly, K., J. R. Roubinian, and D. Wofsy. 1992. Development of murine lupus
in CD4-depleted NZB/NZW mice. J. Immunol. 149:3083-3088.
Connor, J. L., and M. J. Bellucci. 1979. Natural selection resisting inbreeding
depression in captive wild housemice (Mus Musculus). Evolution 33:929-940.
Connor, J. M., A. F. Pettigrew, I. M. Hann, C. D. Forbes, G. D. Lowe, and N. A.
Affara. 1985. Application of an intragenic genomic probe to genetic
counselling for haemophilia B in the west of Scotland. J. Med. Genet. 22:441-
446.
Conover, M. R. 1988. Effect of grazing by Canada geese on the winter growth of
rye. Journal of Wildlife Management 52:76-80.
Conroy, M. J., G. R. Costanzo, and D. B. Stotts. 1989. Winter survival of female
American black ducks on the Atlantic coast. Journal of Wildlife Management
53:99-109.
Cooch, E. G., and F. Cooke. 1991. Demographic changes in a snow goose population
- biological and management implications, pp. 168-189. {IIn} C. M. Perrins, J.
D. Lebreton and G. Hirons (eds.), Bird Population Studies: Their Relevance to
Conservation and Management, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cooch, E. G., R. L. Jefferies, R. F. Rockwell, and F. Cooke. 1992. Environmental
change and the cost of philopatry: An example in the Lesser Snow Goose.
Oecologia In press:000.
Cooch, E. G., D. B. Lank, A. Dzubin, R. F. Rockwell, and F. Cooke. 1991. Body
size variation in lesser snow geese: environmental plasticity in gosling
growth rates. Ecology 72:503-512.
Cooch, E. G., D. B. Lank, R. F. Rockwell, and F. Cooke. 1989. Long-term decline
in fecundity in a snow goose population: evidence for density dependence? J.
Anim. Ecol. 58:711-726.
---. 1991. Long-term decline in body size in a snow goose population: evidence
of environmental degradation? J. Anim. Ecol. 60:483-496.
---. 1992. Is there a relationship between body size and fecundity in lesser
snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulecens)? Auk 109:000.
Cooch, F. G. 1953. Techniques for mass capture of flightless blue and lesser
snow geese. Journal of Wildlife Management 17:460-465.
---. 1958. The breeding biology and management of the blue goose Chen
caerulescens. PhD, Cornell University.
---. 1961. Ecological aspects of the blue-snow goose complex. Auk 78:72-89.
---. 1963. Recent changes in the distribution of color phases of Chen c.
caerulescens. Proc. Int. Ornith. Congr. 13:1182-1194.
Cooch, F. G., and J. A. Beardmore. 1959. Assortative mating and reciprocal
difference in the blue-snow goose complex. Nature 183:1833-1834.
Cooch, F. G., G. M. Stirrett, and G. F. Boyer. 1960. Autumn weights of blue
geese (Chen caerulescens). Auk 77:460-465.
Cook, G. P., and M. S. Neuberger. 1990. Lymphoid-specific transcriptional
activation by components of the IgH enhancer: studies on the E2/E3 and
octanucleotide elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3565-3571.
Cook, J. R., J. C. Solheim, J. M. Connolly, and T. H. Hansen. 1995. Induction of
peptide-specific CD8+ CTL clones in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice. J.
Immunol. 154:47-57.
Cook, M. E. 1991. Nutrition and the immune response of the domestic fowl. Crit.
Rev. Poul. Biol. 3:167-189.
Cook, S. D., C. Rohowsky Kochan, S. Bansil, and P. C. Dowling. 1995. Evidence
for multiple sclerosis as an infectious disease. Acta. Neurol. Scand. Suppl.
161:34-42.
Cooke, F. 1969. The snow geese of La Perouse Bay. Ont. Nat. 4:17-19.
---. 1978. Early learning and its effect on population structure. Studies of a
wild population of snow geese. Zeit. Tierpsychol. 46:344-358.
---. 1983. Snow geese and their mating preferences. Limosa 56:72.
Cooke, F., M. A. Bousfield, and A. Sadura. 1981. Mate change and reproductive
success in the lesser snow goose. Condor 83:322-327.
Cooke, F., and F. G. Cooch. 1968. The genetics of the polymorphism in the goose
Anser caerulescens. Evolution 22:289-300.
Cooke, F., J. C. Davies, and R. F. Rockwell. 1990. Body size and fecundity in
lesser snow geese: response to Alisauskas and Ankney. Auk 107:444-446.
Cooke, F., C. S. Findlay, and R. F. Rockwell. 1984. Recruitment and the timing
of reproduction in Lesser Snow Geese. Auk 101:451-458.
Cooke, F., C. S. Findlay, R. F. Rockwell, and K. F. Abraham. 1983. Life history
studies of the lesser snow goose (Anser caerulescens caerulescens). II.
Colony structure. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 12:153-159.
Cooke, F., C. S. Findlay, R. F. Rockwell, and J. A. Smith. 1985. Life history
studies of the lesser snow goose (Anser caerulescens caerulescens). III. The
selective value of plumage polymorphism: net fecundity. Evolution 39:165-177.
Cooke, F., G. H. Finney, and R. F. Rockwell. 1976. Assortative mating in Lesser
Snow Geese. Behav. Genet. 6:127-140.
Cooke, F., and R. Harmsen. 1983. Does sex ratio vary with egg sequence in Lesser
Snow Geese? Auk 100:215-217.
Cooke, F., C. D. MacInnes, and J. P. Prevett. 1975. Gene flow between breeding
populations of Lesser Snow Geese. Auk 93:493-510.
Cooke, F., and C. M. McNally. 1975. Mate selection and colour preferences in
Lesser Snow Geese. Behaviour 53:151-170.
Cooke, F., and P. J. Mirsky. 1972. A genetic analysis of Lesser Snow Goose
families. Auk 89:863-871.
Cooke, F., P. J. Mirsky, and M. B. Seiger. 1972. Colour preferences in the
Lesser Snow Goose and their possible role in mate selection. Can. J. Zool.
50:529-536.
Cooke, F., D. T. Parkin, and R. F. Rockwell. 1988. Evidence of former allopatry
of the two colour phases of Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens
caerulescens). Auk 105:467-479.
Cooke, F., and J. P. Ryder. 1971. The genetics of polymorphism in the Ross'
Goose (Anser rossii). Evolution 25:483-490.
Cooke, F., and D. S. Sulzbach. 1978. Mortality, emigration and separation of
mated Snow Geese. Journal of Wildlife Management 42:271-280.
Cooke, F., P. D. Taylor, C. M. Francis, and R. F. Rockwell. 1990. Directional
selection and clutch size in birds. Am. Nat. 136:261-267.
Coonan, T. J. 1986. Male food provisioning and female reproduction in American
kestrels. Raptor Research 20:128-129.
Coop, R. L., D. J. Mellor, E. Jackson, F. Jackson, D. J. Flint, and R. G.
Vernon. 1990. {ITeladorsagia circumcincta} egg output at the onset of natural
and induced lactation in ewes. Vet. Parasitol. 35:295-305.
Cooper, E. L. 1976. Comparative Immunology. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey.
Cooper, J. E. 1975. Haematological investigations in East African birds of prey.
J. Wildl. Dis. 11:389-394.
Cooper, M. D., C.-L. H. Chen, R. P. Bucy, and C. B. Thompson. 1991. Avian T cell
ontogeny. Adv. Immunol. 50:87-117.
Cooper, W. E., Jr., L. J. Vitt, R. Hedges, and R. B. Huey. 1990. Locomotor
impairment and defense in gravid lizards ({IEumeces} {Ilaticeps}): Behavioral shift
in activity may offset costs of reproduction in an active forager. Behav.
Ecol. Sociobiol. 27:153-158.
Corbel, C., H. G. Bluestein, O. Pourquie, P. Vaigot, and N. M. Le Douarin. 1992.
An antigen expressed by avian neuronal cells is also expressed by activated T
lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 141:99-110.
Cornall, R. J., T. J. Aitman, C. M. Hearne, and J. A. Todd. 1991. The generation
of a library of PCR-analyzed microsatellite variants for genetic mapping of
the mouse genome. Genomics 10:874-881.
Cornall, R. J., J.-B. Prins, J. A. Todd, A. Pressey, N. H. DeLarato, L. S.
Wicker, and L. B. Peterson. 1992. Type 1 diabetes in mice is linked to the
interleukin-1 receptor and Lsh/Ity/Bcg genes on chromosome 1. Nature 353:262-
265.
Cornelius, J. G., B. G. Luttge, and A. B. Peck. 1993. Antioxidant enzyme
activities in IDD-prone and IDD-resistant mice: A comparative study. Free
Rad. Biol. Med. 14:409-420.
Cosgrove, D., D. Gray, A. Dierich, J. Kaufman, M. Lemeur, C. Benoist, and D.
Mathis. 1991. Mice lacking MHC class II molecules. Cell 66:1051-1066.
Cotter, F. E., G. M. Hampton, S. Nasipuri, W. F. Bodmer, and B. D. Young. 1990.
Rapid isolation of human chromosome-specific DNA probes from a somatic cell
hybrid. Genomics 7:257-263.
Cotter, P. F., R. L. Taylor, T. Wing, and W. E. Briles. 1987. Major
histocompatibility (B) complex associated differences in the delayed wattle
reaction to Stapylococcal antigens. Poul. Sci. 66:203-208.
Cotter, P. F., R. L. Taylor Jr., and H. Abplanalp. 1992. Differential resistance
to {IStaphylococcus} {Iaureus} challenge in major histocompatability (B) complex
congenic lines. Poul. Sci. 71:1873-1878.
Cotter, P. F., T. Wing, and J. Swanson. 1985. The delayed and saline wattle
reactions in broilers challenged with bovine serum albumin. Poul. Sci. 64:
1293-1295.
Cotton, R. G. H. 1993. Current methods of mutation detection. Mutat. Res. 285:
125-144.
Coulam, C. B., J. A. McIntyre, and W. P. Faulk. 1986. Reproductive performance
in women with repeated pregnancy losses and multiple partners. Am. J. Reprod.
Immunol. Microbiol. 12:10-12.
Coulson, J. C. 1984. The population dynamics of the eider duck Somateria
mollissima and evidence of extensive non-breeding by adult ducks. Ibis 126:
525-543.
Coulson, J. C., N. Duncan, and C. Thomas. 1982. Changes in the breeding biology
of the herring gull (Larus argentatus) induced by reduction in the size and
density of the colony. J. Anim. Ecol. 51:739-756.
Coulson, J. C., and C. S. Thomas. 1985. Changes in the biology of the kittiwake
Rissa tridactyla: a 31-year study of a breeding colony. J. Anim. Ecol. 54:9-
26.
Coulter, M. C. 1986. Assortative mating and sexual dimorphism in the common
tern. Wilson Bulletin 98:93-100.
Coulthart, M. B., L. R. Rhomberg, and R. S. Singh. 1984. The nature of genetic
variation for species formation. Evolution 38:689-692.
de le Court, C., E. Aguillera, and F. Recio. 1995. Plasma chemistry values of
free-living white spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia). Comp. Biochem. Physiol.
112A:137-141.
Covelli, V., D. Mouton, V. Di Majo, Y. Bouthillier, C. Bangrazi, J.-C. Mevel, S.
Rebessi, G. Doria, and G. Biozzi. 1989. Inheritance of immune responsiveness,
life span and disease incidence in interline crosses of mice selected for
high and low multispecific antibody production. J. Immunol. 142:1224-1234.
Cove-Smith, J., P. Kabler, R. Pownall, and M. Knapp. 1978. Circadian variation
in an immune response in man. British Medical Journal ii:253-254.
Cox, D. R. 1983. Some remarks on overdispersion. Biometrika 70:269-274.
Cox, F. E. G., and F. Y. Liew. 1992. T-cell subsets and cytokines in parasitic
infections. Immunol. Today 13:445-448.
Coyne, J. A. 1992. Genetics and speciation. Nature 355:000.
Coyne, M. J., G. Smith, and F. E. McAllister. 1989. Mathematical model for the
population biology of rabies in raccoons in the mid- Atlantic states.
American Journal of Veterinary Research 50:2148-2154.
Crabtree, R. L., L. S. Broome, and M. L. Wolfe. 1989. Effects of habitat
characteristics on gadwall nest predation and nest-site selection. Journal of
Wildlife Management 53:129-137.
Cragg, J. 1971. Some statistical models for limited dependent variables with
application to the demand for durable goods. Econometrica 39:829-844.
Craig, I., and C. Rawlings. UNKNOWN YEAR. (1990). Human gene mapping 10.5
(Karger). .
Craig, T. H., and C. H. Trost. 1900. The biology and nesting density of breeding
American kestrels and long-eared owls on the Big Lost River, sotheastern
Idaho. Wilson Bulletin 91:50-61.
Craighead, F. C., and D. P. Mindell. 1981. Nesting raptors in western Wyoming,
1947 and 1975. Journal of Wildlife Management 45:865-872.
Cramer, D. V., B. K. Davis, J. W. Shonnard, O. Stark, and T. J. Gill III. 1978.
Phenotypes of the major histocompatibility complex in wild rats of different
geographic origins. J. Immunol. 12:179.
Crampton, W., and L. Hurst. 1994. True kin recognition in the form of somatic
incompatibility has multiple independent origins. Animal Behaviour 1994:230-
234.
Cranfield, M. R., T. K. Graczyk, F. B. Beall, D. M. Iageggio, M. Shaw, and M. L.
Skjoldager. 1994. Subclinical avian malaria infections in African black-
footed penguins ({ISpheniscus demersus}) and induction of parasite
recrudescence. J. Wildl. Dis. 30:372-376.
Crawford, J. A., and R. S. Lutz. 1985. Sage grouse population trends in Oregon,
1941-1983. Murrelet 66:69-74.
Crawley, M., ed. 1992. Natural enemies: the population biology of predators,
parasites and diseases. Blackwell, Oxford.
Crespi, B. J. 1990. Measuring the effect of natural selection on phenotypic
interacion. Am. Nat. 135:32-47.
Cressie, N. 1991. Statistics for spatial data. Wiley, New York.
Cresswell, P. 1994. Assembly,transport, and function of MHC class II molecules.
Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:259-293.
Crew, M. D. 1992. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex and the
evolutionary genetics of lifespan. Genetica 91:225-238.
---. 1993. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex and the evolutionary
genetics of lifespan. Genetica 91:225-238.
Crick, H. Q. P. 1992. Load-lightening in cooperatively breeding birds and the
cost of reproduction. Ibis 134:56-61.
Crispe, I. N., M. W. Moore, L. A. Husmann, L. Smith, M. J. Bevan, and R. P.
Shimonkevitz. 1987. Differentiation potential of subsets of CD4-8-
thymocytes. Nature 329:336-339.
Crofton, H. D. 1971. A quantitative approach to parasitism. Parasitology 62:179-
193.
Croll, D. A., A. J. Gaston, and D. G. Noble. 1991. Adaptive loss of mass in
thick-billed murres. Condor 93:496-502.
Croll, N. A., and J. Cross, eds. 1983. Human ecology and infectious disease.
Academic, New York.
Crone, M., and M. Simonsen. 1987. Avian major histocompatibility complex. {IIn} A.
Toivanen and P. Toivanen (eds.), Avian immunology:basis and practice, CRC
Press, Boca Raton Florida.
Cross, G. A. M. 1978. Antigenic variation in trypanosomes. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond.
B Biol. Sci. 202:55-72.
Crossner, K. A. 1977. Natural selection and clutch size in the European
starling. Ecology 58:885-892.
Crowcroft, P., and F. P. Rowe. 1963. Social organization and territorial
behavior in the wild house mouse (Mus musculus L.). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
140:517-531.
Croxall, J. P., P. Rothery, S. P. C. Pickering, and P. A. Prince. 1990.
Reproductive performance, recruitment and survival of wandering albatrosses
Diomedea exulans at Bird Island, South Georgia. J. Anim. Ecol. 59:775-796.
Crozier, R. H. 1986. Genetic clonal recognition abilities in marine
invertebrates must be maintained by selection for something else. Evolution
40:1100-1101.
Crump, A. L., M. J. Grusby, L. H. Glimcher, and H. Cantor. 1993. Thymocyte
development in major histocompatibility complex-deficient mice: evidence for
stochastic commitment to the CD4 and CD8 lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.
S. A. 90:10739-10743.
Cruse, J. M., and R. E. Lewis, eds. 1987. Antigenic variation: molecular and
genetic mechanisms of relapsing disease. Karger, Basel.
Cruz, F., and J. B. Cruz. 1990. Breeding, morphology, and growth of the
endangered dark-rumped petrel. Auk 107:317-326.
Cruz, J. B., and F. Cruz. 1990. Effect of El Nino-Souther Oscillation conditions
on nestling growth rate in the dark-rumped petrel. Condor 92:160-165.
Cucco, M., G. Malacarne, G. Orecchia, and G. Boano. 1992. Influence of weather
conditions on pallid swift Apus pallidus breeding success. Ecography 15:184-
189.
Cuervo, J. J., and A. P. Moller. 1999. Evolutionary rates of secondary sexual
and non-sexual characters among birds. Evolutionary Ecology 13:283-303.
Cullen, S. E., J. H. Freed, and S. G. Nathenson. 1976. Structural and
serological properties of murine Ia alloantigens. Transplant. Rev. 30:236-
270.
Cunningham-Ruddles, S., ed. 1993. Nutrient modulation of the immune response.
Marcel Dekker, New York.
Cunningham-Rundles, ed. 1993. Nutrient Modulation of the Immune Response. Marcel
Dekker, New York.
Cuperus, R., and G. J. De Bruyn. 1987. Statistical impacts on the detection of
natural regulation in bird populations on account of census data. Ardea 75:
237-243.
Cupps, T. R., and A. S. Fauci. 1982. Corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in
man. Immunol. Rev. 65:133-155.
Curio, E. 1983. Why do young birds reproduce less well? Ibis 125:400-404.
---. 1989. Is avian mortality preprogrammed? Trends Ecol. Evol. 4:81-82.
Curry, R. L., and P. R. Grant. 1989. Demography of the cooperatively breeding
Galapagos mockingbird, Nesomimus parvulus, in a climatically variable
environment. J. Anim. Ecol. 58:441-463.
Curtis, J., H. Akuffo-Adu, and J. L. Turk. 1984. H-2-linked genes which modify
resistance of C57BL/10 mice to subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium
lepraemurium. Infect. Immun. 46:635-638.
Curtis, L. A. 1987. Vertical distribution of an estuarine snail altered by a
parasite. Science 235:1509-1511.
Custer, T. W., and D. W. Peterson. 1991. Growth rates of great egret, snowy
egret and Black-crowned night-heron chicks. Colon. Water. 14:46-50.
Da, Y., R. D. Shanks, J. A. Stewart, and H. A. Lewin. 1993. Milk and fat yields
decline in bovine leukemia virus-infected Holstein cattle with persistent
lymphocytosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 90:6538-6541.
Daan, S., and Ashoff. 1975. Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in captive
birds and mammals: their variations with season and latitude. Oecologia 18:
269-316.
Daan, S., B. M. Barnes, and A. M. Strijkstra. 1991. Warming up for sleep?-
ground squirrels sleep during arousels from hibernation. Neuroscience Letters
128:265-268.
Daan, S., D. Damassa, C. S. Pittendrigh, and E. R. Smith. 1975. An effect of
castration and testerone replacement on a circadian pacemaker in mice ({IMus}
{Imusculus}). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 72:3744-3747.
Daan, S., C. Deerenberg, and C. Dijkstra. 1996. Increased daily work
precipitates natural death in the kestrel. J. Anim. Ecol. 65:539-544.
Daan, S., C. Dijkstra, R. Drent, and T. Meijer. 1989. Food supply and the annual
timing of avian reproduction, pp. 392-407. {IIn} H. Ouellet (ed.), Proceedings
of the XIXth International Congress of Ornithology, vol. I, University of
Ottawa Press, Ottawa.
Daan, S., C. Dijkstra, and J. M. Tinbergen. 1990. Family planning in the kestrel
({IFalco} {Itinnunculus}): the ultimate control of covariation of laying date and
clutch size. Behaviour 114:83-116.
Daan, S., D. Masman, and A. Groenewold. 1990. Avian basal metabolic rates:their
association with body composition and energy expenditure in nature. American
Journal of Physiology 259:R333-R340.
Daan, S., D. Masman, A. Stijkstra, and S. Verhulst. 1989. Intraspecific
allometry of basal metabolic rate: relations with body size, temperature,
composition, and circadian phase in the kestrel, {IFalco} {Itinnunculus}. J. Biol.
Rhythms 4:267-283.
Daan, S., D. Masman, A. Strijkstra, and S. Verhulst. 1989. Intraspecific
allometry of basal metabolic rate: relations with body size, temperature,
composition, and circadian phase in the kestrel, {IFalco tinnunculus}. J. Biol.
Rhythms 4:267-283.
Daan, S., D. Masman, A. M. Strijkstra, and G. J. Kenagy. 1991. Daily energy
turnover during reproduction in birds and mammals: its relationship to basal
metabolic rate. Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici :1976-1987.
Daividson, M. K., J. K. Davis, J. R. Lindsey, and G. H. Cassell. 1988. Clearance
of Different Strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis from the Respiratory Tract of
C3H/HeN Mice. Infect. Immun. 56:2163-2168.
Damian, R. T. 1987. Molecular mimicry revisited. Parasit. Today 3:263-266.
Dann, P. 1988. An experimental manipulation of clutch size in the Little Penguin
Eudyptula minor. Emu 88:101-103.
Dantzer, R., and P. Mormde. 1983. Stress in farm animals: a need for
reevaluation. J. Anim. Sci. 57:6-18.
Dario, A. J. S., P. R. DaCostaLopes, C. G. Freitas, M. A. Paschoalini, and N. J.
Marino. 1996. Electrographic patterns of postprandial sleep after food
deprivation or intraventricular adrenaline injections in pigeons. Brain Res.
Bull. 39:249-254.
Darolova, A., H. Hoi, and B. Schleicher. 1997. The effect of ectoparasite nest
load on the breeding biology of the penduline tit {IRemiz pendulinus}. Ibis 139:
115-120.
Darwin, C. R. 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or
the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life., .
---. 1871. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray,
London.
---. UNKNOWN YEAR. (1876). The effects of cross and self-fertilization in the
vegetable kingdom (London: John Murray). .
Dausset, J. 1981. The major histocompatibility complex in man. Science 213:1469-
1474.
Davami, M. H., G. J. Bancroft, and V. McDonald. 1997. Crytosporidium infection
in major histocompatibility complex congenic mice: variation in
susceptibility and the role of T-cell cytokine responses. Parasitol. Res. 83:
257-263.
Davelaar, F. G., and B. Kouwenhoven. 1977. Influence of maternal antibodies on
vaccination of chicks of different ages against infectious bronchitis. Avian
Pathol. 6:41-999.
Davey, M. P., M. M. Meyer, and A. C. Bakke. 1994 Jan 1. T cell receptor V beta
gene expression in monozygotic twins. Discordance in CD8 subset and in
disease states. J. Immunol. 152:315-321.
Davidar, P., and E. S. Morton. 1993. Living with parasites:prevalence of a blood
parasite and its effect on survivorship in the purple martin. Auk 110:109-
116.
Davidovic, M. 1999. Genetic stability: the key to longevity? Med. Hypoth. 53:
329-332.
Davidow, L. S., and B. Byers. 1984. Enhanced gene conversion and postmeiotic
segregation in pachytene-arrested Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
106:165-183.
Davidson, M. K., J. R. Lindsey, R. F. Parker, J. G. Tully, and G. H. Cassell.
1988. Differences in Virulence for Mice among Strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis.
Infect. Immun. 56:2156-2162.
Davidson, M. K., S. E. Ross, J. R. Lindsey, and G. H. Cassell. 1988. Colony
Opacity, Hemadsorption, Hemolysis, and Mitogenicity Are Not Associated with
Virulence of Mycoplasma pulmonis. Infect. Immun. 56:2169-2173.
Davies, A. K., and G. K. Baggott. 1989. Clutch size and nesting sites of the
mandarin duck, Aix galericulata. Bird Study 36:32-36.
---. 1989. Egg-laying, incubation and intraspecific nest parasitism by the
mandarin duck Aix galericulata. Bird Study 36:115-122.
Davies, E. J., C. J. Hutchings, M. C. Hillarby, R. P. Donn, R. G. Cooper, E. M.
Hay, R. M. Bernstein, P. J. Holt, D. M. Grennan, and W. E. Ollier. 1994 Mar.
HLA-DP does not contribute towards susceptibility to systemic lupus
erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 53:188-190.
Davies, J. C., and F. Cooke. 1983. Annual nesting productivity in snow geese:
prairie drought and arctic springs. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:291-
296.
---. 1983. Intraclutch hatch synchronization in the lesser snow goose. Can. J.
Zool. 61:1398-1401.
Davies, J. C., R. F. Rockwell, and F. Cooke. 1988. Body size variation and
fitness components in lesser snow geese Chen caerulescens caerulescens. Auk
105:639-648.
Davies, J. L., Y. Kawaguchi, S. T. Bennett, J. B. Copeman, H. J. Cordell, L. E.
Pritchard, P. W. Reed, S. D. L. Gough, S. C. Jenkins, S. M. Palmer, K. M.
Balfour, B. R. Rowe, M. Farrall, A. H. Barnett, S. C. Bain, and J. A. Todd.
1994. A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes.
Nature 371:130-136.
Davies, N. B., and B. J. Hatchwell. 1992. The value of male parental care and
its influence on reproductive allocation by male and female dunnocks. J.
Anim. Ecol. 61:259-272.
Davis, C. Y., and J. L. Sell. 1989. Immunoglobulin concentrations in serum and
tissues of vitamin A deficient broiler chicks after Newcastle Disease
vaccination. Poul. Sci. 68:136-144.
Davis, D. E., and O. Hall. 1951. The seasonal reproductive conditions of female
Norway (brown) rats in Baltimore, MD. Physiol. Zool. 24:9-20.
Davis, J. K., R. F. Parker, H. White, D. Dziedzic, G. Taylor, M. K. Davidson, N.
R. Cox, and G. H. Cassell. 1985. Strain Differences in Susceptibility to
Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN Mice. Infect. Immun.
50:647-654.
Davis, M. M. 1985. Molecular Genetics of the T Cell-Receptor Beta Chain. Annu.
Rev. Immunol. 3:537-560.
Davis, M. M., and P. J. Bjorkman. 1988. T-Cell Antigen Receptor Genes and T-cell
Recognition. Nature 334:395-402.
Davis, M. M., D. I. Cohen, E. A. Nielsen, M. Steinmetz, W. E. Paul, and L. Hood.
1984. Cell-type-specific cDNA probes and the murine I region: The
localization and orientation of A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 81:2194-
2198.
Davis, V., and B. Glick. 1988. Response of neonatal chickens to sheep red blood
cells as influenced by the number of weeks between the first and second
injections. Poul. Sci. 67:855-857.
Davis, W. J., and D. J. Graham. 1991. The influence of food on reproductive
strategies in a monogamous kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona). Auk 108:780-
789.
Davison, T. F., H. D. Chapman, and S. Harvey. 1985. Endocrine changes in the
fowl during infection with {IEimeria} {Imaxima}. Res. Vet. Sci. 38:296-300.
Davison, T. F., B. M. Freeman, and J. Rea. 1985. Effects of continuous treatment
with synthetic ACTH 1-24 or corticosterone on immature {IGallus} {Idomesticus}.
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 59:416-423.
Davison, T. F., B. H. Misson, R. A. Williamson, and J. Rea. 1988. Effect of
increased circulating corticosterone in the immature fowl on the blastogenic
responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 12:131-144.
Dawkins, R. 1976. The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Dawson, H. D., N. Q. Li, K. L. DeCicco, J. A. Nibert, and A. C. Ross. 1999.
Chronic marginal vitamin A status reduces natural killer cell number and
function in aging Lewis rats. J. Nutr. 129:1510-1517.
Dawson, H. D., and A. C. Ross. 1999. Chronic marginal vitamin A status affects
the distribution and function of T cells and natural T cells in aging Lewis
rats. J. Nutr. 129:1782-1790.
Dawson, R. D., and G. R. Bortolotti. 1997. Ecology of parasitism of nestling
American kestrels by {ICarnus hemapterus} (Diptera, Carnidae). Can. J. Zool. 75:
2021-2026.
---. 1997. Are avian hematocrits indicative of condition? American kestrels as a
model. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:1297-1306.
---. 1997. Variation in hematocrit and total plasma proteins of nestling
American kestrels ({IFalco sparverius}) in the wild. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology A 117:383-390.
---. 1999. Prevalence and intensity of hematozoan infections in a population of
American kestrels. Can. J. Zool. 77:162-170.
---. 2000. Effects of hematozoan parasites on condition and return rates of
American Kestrels. Auk 117:373-380.
Dawson, W. R., and T. P. O'Connor. 1996. Energetic features of avian
thermoregulatory responses, pp. 85-124. {IIn} C. Carey (ed.), Avian energetics
and nutritional ecology, Chapman and Hall, New York.
Day, P. R., and G. J. Jellis, eds. 1987. Genetics and Plant Pathogenesis.
Blackwell Scientific, Palo Alto, California.
Daya, S., M. Gunby, and T. R. M. I. T. Group. 1994. The effectiveness of
allogeneic leukocyte immunization in unexplained primary recurrent
spontaneous abortion. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. Microbiol. 32:294-302.
Daynes, R. A., B. A. Araneo, J. Hennebold, E. Enioutina, and H. H. Mu. 1995.
Steroids as regulators of the mammalian immune response. J. Invest. Dermatol.
105:14S-19S.
De, K., and A. Ghosh. 1993. Influence of dehydration stress on the adrenal
glands of two semi-domesticated avian species. J. Yamash. Inst. Ornith. 25:
68-75.
Dean, C., and J. F. Lawless. 1989. Tests for detecting overdispersion in Poisson
regression models. Journal of the American Statistical Association 84:467-
472.
Dean, M., M. Park, and G. F. V. Woude. 1987. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:921.
Dean, W. R. J., and D. M. Skead. 1989. Survival and recovery rates of yellow-
billed ducks. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:119-122.
De Campos-Lima, P. O., R. Gavioli, Q. J. Zhang, E. L. Wallace, R. Dolcetti, M.
Rowe, B. A. Rickinson, and G. M. Masucci. 1993. HLA-A11 epitope loss isolates
of Epstein-Barr virus from a highly A11+ population. Science 260:98-100.
Deepe, G. S., Jr. 1994 Apr 1. Role of CD8+ T cells in host resistance to
systemic infection with Histoplasma capsulatum in mice. J. Immunol. 152:3491-
3500.
Deerenberg, C., V. Apanius, S. Daan, and N. Bos. 1997. Reproductive effort
decreases antibody responsiveness. Pro. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 264:
1021-1029.
Deerenberg, C., C. H. deKogel, and G. F. J. Overkamp. 1996. Costs of
reproduction in the zebra finch {ITaeniopygia guttata} manipulation of brood
size in the laboratory. Journal of Avian Biology 27:321-326.
Degen, A. A., M. Kam, and A. Rosenstrauch. 1991. Growth rate, total body water
volume, dry-matter intake and water consumption of domesticated ostriches
(Struthio comelus). Anim. Produc. 52:225-232.
Degli-Esposti, M. A., L. J. Abraham, V. McCann, T. Spies, F. T. Christiansen,
and R. L. Dawkins. 1992. Ancestral haplotypes reveal the role of the central
MHC in the immunogenetics of IDDM. Immunogenetics 36:345-356.
Degos, L., J. Colombani, A. Chaventre, B. Bengston, and A. Jacquard. 1974.
Selective pressure on HLA polymorphism. Nature 249:62-63.
De Greef, G. E., M. J. van Tol, and J. W. van den Berg. 1992. Serum
immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclass levels and the occurence of
homogenous immunoglobulins during the course of aging in humans. Mechanisms
of Ageing and Development 66:29-44.
Dein, F. J. 1983. Avian hematology: erythrocytes and anemia. Proceedings of the
American Association of Avian Veterinarians 1983:10-23.
---. 1984. Laboratory manual of avian hematology. Association of Avian
Veterinarians, East Northport, New York.
Deitch, E. A., D. Xu, L. Qi, R. D. Specian, and R. D. Berg. 1992. Protein
malnutrition alone and in combination with endotoxin impairs systemic and
gut-associated immunity. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr. 16:25-31.
de Jong-Brink, M. 1992. Neuro-endocrine mechanisms underlying the effects of
schistosome parasites on their intermediate snail host. Invertebrate
Reproduction and Development 22:127-138.
Dekker, J. W., and S. Easteal. 1990. HLA-DP typing by amplified fragment length
polymorphisms (AFLPs). Immunogenetics 32:56-59.
De La Fuente, M., I. Martin, and E. Ortega. 1993. Effect of physical exercise on
the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages from Swiss mice.
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16:29-37.
Delarbre, C., C. Jaulin, P. Kourilsky, and G. Gachelin. 1992. Evolution of the
major histocompatibility complex: a hundred-fold amplification of MHC class I
genes in the African pigmy mouse Nannomys setulosus. Immunogenetics 37:29-38.
Del-Gallo, F., G. Lombardi, E. Piccolella, M. S. Gilardini-Montani, P. Del-
Porto, O. Pugliese, G. Antonelli, and V. Colizzi. 1990. Increased
autoreactive T cell frequency in tuberculous patients. Int. Arch. Allergy
appl. Immunol. 91:36-42.
del-Guercio, P. 1993. The self and the nonself: immunorecognition and
immunologic functions. Immunol. Res. 12:168-182.
Dellabona, P., F. Latron, A. Maffei, L. Scarpellino, and R. S. Accolla. 1989.
Transcriptional control of MHC class II gene expression during
differentiation from B cells to plasma cells. J. Immunol. 142:2902-2910.
de Lope, F., G. Gonzalez, J. J. Perez, and A. P. Moller. 1993. Increased
detrimental effects of ectoparasites on their bird hosts during adverse
environmental conditions. Oecologia 95:234-240.
de Lope, F., and A. P. Moller. 1993. Effects of ectoparasites on reproduction of
their swallow hosts: a cost of being multi-brooded. Oikos 67:557-562.
de Lope, F., A. P. Moller, and C. de la Cruz. 1998. Parasitism, immune response
and reproductive success in the house martin {IDelichon urbica}. Oecologia 114:
188-193.
Del Rey, A., and H. Besedovsky. 1987. Interleukin-1 affects glucose homeostasis.
American Journal of Physiology 253:R794-R798.
del Val, M., H. Hengel, H. Hacker, U. Hartlaub, T. Ruppert, P. Lucin, and U. H.
Koszinowski. 1992. Cytomegalovirus prevents antigen presentation by blocking
the transport of peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I
molecules into the medial-Golgi compartment. J. Exp. Med. 176:729-738.
Demas, G. E., V. Chefer, M. I. Talan, and R. J. Nelson. 1997. Metabolic costs of
mounting an antigen-stimulated immune response in adult and aged C57BL/6J
mice. Am. J. Physiol. 273:R1631-R1637.
Demas, G. E., A. C. DeVries, and R. J. Nelson. 1997. Effects of photoperiod and
2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced metabolic stress on immune function in female deer
mice. Am. J. Physiol. 272:R1762-R1767.
Demas, G. E., D. L. Drazen, A. M. Jasnow, T. J. Bartness, and R. J. Nelson.
2002. Sympathoadrenal system differentially affects photoperiodic changes in
humoral immunity of Siberian hamsters ({IPhodopus sungorus}). J.
Neuroendocrinol. 14:29-35.
Demas, G. E., S. L. Klein, and R. J. Nelson. 1996. Reproductive and immune
responses to photoperiod and melatonin are linked in {IPeromyscus} subspecies.
J. Comp. Physiol. 179A:819-825.
Demas, G. E., and R. J. Nelson. 1996. Photoperiod and temperature interact to
affect immune parameters in adult male deer mice ({IPeromyscus maniculatus}). J.
Biol. Rhythms 11:94-10