(9) 1. CONTI, Francesco (ca. 1470-1521)

Birth. Ca. 1470, Rome. Fifth of the ten children of Jacopo Conti, signore of Carpineto and Roman noble; and Elisabetta Carafa della Stadera. His last name is also listed as de' Domicelli. His family gave the Church three popes, Innocent III, Gregory IX, Alexander IV and Innocent XIII. Grand-nephew of Pseudocardinal Lucido Conti (1411). Nephew of Cardinal Giovanni Conti (1483). Other cardinals of the family were Giovanni dei conti di Segni (1200); Ottaviano dei conti di Segni (1205); Carlo Conti (1604); Giannicolò Conti (1664); and Bernardo Maria Conti (1721).

Education. Studied law (no further educational information found).

Early life. He had six illegitimate children: Ottavio, Stefano, Camillo, Marzio, Giovanni and Giulia (1).

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Conza, October 8, 1494; he was always absent and governed the archdiocese through vicars general. Consecrated (no information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Vitale, July 6, 1517. Resigned the government of the archdiocese, September 11, 1517.

Death. June 29 (2), 1521, Rome (3). Buried in his title (4).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 14-15; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1410; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 134; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, III, 15, 71 and 175; Panvinio, Onofrio. Onvphrii Panvinii Veronensis Fratris Eremitæ Augustiniani, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII. per quingentos posteriores a Christi natali annos creati. Venetiis, apud Michaelem Tramezinum, 1577. Microform, 1960. (Manuscripta, microfilms of rare and out-of-print books; list 18, no. 27) ; Microfilm copy, made in 1960, of the original in Vatican. Biblioteca vaticana. Positive./ Negative film in Vatican. Biblioteca vaticana, pp. 354 and 360; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6) I, 261; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 382.

(1) This is according to Weber, Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte, I, 261.
(2) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15; the same source, III, 71 and 175, gives also July 4 as the date of death without mentioning its source; both Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1433; and Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 360, say that he died on tertia Nonas Iunii 1521.
(3) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15, which says that he died "in Curia Romana"; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 15; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1433; and Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 360, say that he died in Turrichio (or Turegii in Latin), diocese of Velletri; Chacón adds that he was buried there; and Panvinio, p. 360, says that he was transferred to Rome and buried in the church of S. Maria in Aracoeli.
(4) This is according to Cardella, IV, 15, citing Claude Fleury, Histoire ecclésiastique (Paris : chez Emery, 1724-1744).

(10) 2. PICCOLOMINI, Giovanni (1475-1537)

Birth. October 9, 1475, Siena. Of a patrician and noble family. Son of Andrea Todeschini Piccolomini and Agnese di Gabriele Farnese. Grand-nephew of Pope Pius II and nephew of Pope Pius III. Other cardinals of the family were Celio Piccolomini (1664); Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1766); and Giacomo Piccolomini (1844).

Education. "... uomo dottissimo, e consumato in ogni genere di letterature..." (most learned man, accomplished in every type of literature) (1) (No further educational information found).

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Siena, 1503 (2); resigned the government of the see, April 7, 1529. Consecrated (no information found). Participated in the V Lateran Council. Abbot commendatario of San Galgano, 1516-1522. Legate a latere in the Republic of Siena, 1516-1522; he was the principal counselor of the regents of the republic.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Sabina, July 6, 1517 (3). Opted for the title of S. Balbina, June 11, 1521. Participated in the conclave of 1521-1522. Bishop of Sitten, 1522 (4). Administrator of the see of Aquila, July 6, 1523 until July 3, 1525 (5). Participated in the conclave of 1523. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, July 24, 1524. Administrator of the see of Umbriatico, November 14, 1524 until March 20, 1531. He was mistreated by the imperial troops during the Sack of Rome of 1527. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, September 22, 1531. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, September 26, 1533. Vice-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Participated in the conclave of 1534. Legate a latere, together with Cardinal Alessandro Cesarini, to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to congratulate him for his victory in Tunisia. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri, February 26, 1535. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. He was a benefactor and protector of intellectuals and artists.

Death. November 21, 1537, Siena (6). Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Siena.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 15-17; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1410-1411; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 15, 55, 56, 57, 60, 69, 113, 297 and 323; Gams, Pius Bonifatius. Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, p. 313, 753, 851 and 938; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 382.

Link. His genealogy, A2 B4 C1.

(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 15.
(2) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 297; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 15, says that an autentico istromento, dated September 11, 1501, clearly indicates that he was already the archbishop of Siena; Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae, p. 753, says that he was named c. 1501; his genealogy, linked above, indicates that he was named in 1502.
(3) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15 and 69; his genealogy, linked above, confuses the title of S. Sabina with the suburbicarian see of Sabina.
(4) This is according to his genealogy, linked above; and Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 16, who says that this appointment appears in the Vatican registries; Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae, p. 313 does not mention him among the occupants of that see; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 295 does not mention him either as occupant of that see but says that Cardinal Paolo Cesi, named administrator of Sitten on November 12, 1522, agreed to reserve for Cardinal Piccolomini a pension of 600 ducats out of the rents of the diocese.
(5) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 113; Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae, p. 851, says that he was named in 1532 and occupied the post until his death, which he indicates happened in 1538.
(6) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15 and 56; his genealogy, linked above, says that he died on November 25, 1537 in Siena; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 17, also says that he died in Siena.

(11) 3. DE CUPIS, Giovanni Domenico (1493-1553)

Birth. 1493, Rome. Of an illustrious family originally from Montefalco. Son of Bernardino de Cupis and Lucrezia (1). His last name is also listed as Cuppi.

Education. Studied law (no further educational information found).

Early life. Protonotary apostolic. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Secretary to Pope Julius II, 1504. He had four natural children (2).

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, July 6, 1517.

Episcopate. Named administrator of the see of Trani, July 30, 1517; resigned, July 3, 1551. Participated in the conclaves of 1521-1522 and 1523. Opted for the title of S. Apollinare, August 17, 1524; retained the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina in commendam until September 3, 1529. Administrator of the see of Macerata e Recanati, 1528 until January 29, 1535. Administrator of the see of Adria, August 31, 1528 until his death. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, May 24, 1529. Governor of Città delle Pieve, 1529. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, September 22, 1531; retained in commendam the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina until October 10, 1553. Consecrated, Thursday December 21, 1531, Sistine Chapel, Rome, by Pope Clement VII, assisted by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, seniore, bishop of Ostia, by Cardinal Antonio Ciocchi del Monte, bishop of Porto, and by Cardinal Andrea della Valle. In the same ceremony were also consecrated Cardinals Francisco de los Ángeles Quiñones, Antonio Sanseverino, O.S.Io.Hieros., and Francesco Cornaro. Bishop of Nardo, January 15, 1532; resigned the government of the see, May 22, 1536. Administrator of the see of Montepeloso, November 13, 1532 until April 11, 1537. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Sabina, December 16, 1532. Participated in the conclave of 1534. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, February 26, 1535. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Administrator of the see of Camerino, July 5, 1535 until March 5, 1537. Legate in Agro Piceno, September 1, 1536. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Ostia e Velletri, November 28, 1537. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Legate in Marca, 1537. Governor of Tivoli, 1537. Named, together with another eight cardinals, to the commission for the celebration of the general council, January 7, 1538 (3). Charged, together with another three cardinals (4), to raise funds for the war against the Turks, February 10, 1540. Named with another eleven cardinals (5) to a commission for the reform of the Roman Curia and its officials, August 27, 1540. Named, together with another ten cardinals, members of the general council, November 2, 1544. Participated in the conclave of 1549-1550. Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica; he opened and closed the Holy Door during the Jubilar Year of 1550. Protector of Scotland, March 5, 1550. Legate a latere in Bologna, September 9, 1551. President of a supervisory commission of the Annona, December 1551. Protector of France. He maintained a close friendship with Ignacio de Loyola, future saint, in spite of the bad opinion he had of the latter at first; after a two hour conversation with Loyola, he changed his initial opinion and asked for forgiveness. Becuase of his religiosity and benignity towards others, his contemporaries gave him the title of ottimo tra i mortali (the best among mortals) (6). He had built the church of S. Onofrio al Gianicolo in Rome.

Death. December 10, 1553, Rome. Buried in the church of S. Agostino, Rome, where his father had been buried in 1507. Later, his remains were transferred to Montefalco and buried in the tomb of his family.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 784; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 17-18; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1411; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 15, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 64, 95, 149, 249, 256, 231, and 316; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), I, 311; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 382-383.

(1) According to Weber, Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte, I, 311, she was the concubine of Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, future Pope Julius II.
(2) According to Weber, Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte, I, 311, they were: Girolamo; Bernardino, who was bishop of Osimo e Cingoli, 1551-1574; Paolo, who was bishop of Recanati, 1548-1552; and Celidonia, who married Marco Lepido Orsini in 1558 with a dowry of 3,000 scudi.
(3) The other cardinals were Lorenzo Campeggio, Giacomo Simoneta, Gasparo Contarini, Girolamo Ghinucci, Giacomo Sadoleto, Alessandro Cesarini, Gian Pietro Carafa and Reginald Pole.
(4) These cardinals were Marino Grimani, Alessandro Cesarini and Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora.
(5) These cardinals were Gian Pietro Carafa, Alessandro Cesarini, Giovanni Maria del Monte, Bartolomeo Guidiccioni, Marino Grimani, Girolamo Aleandro, Niccolò Ridolfi, Gasparo Contarini, Girolamo Ghinucci, Marcello Cervini and Reginald Pole.
(6) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 18.

(12) 4. PANDOLFINI, Niccolò (1440-1518)

Birth. 1440, Florence. Of a patrician family. Eldest of the five sons of Giannozzo Pandolfini and Giovanna Valori. He is also listed as Pandolfi and as Caponibus.

Education. Studied in Bologna (no further educational information found).

Early life. Canon of the metropolitan chapter of Florence, 1461. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, 1462-1474. Apostolic scriptor in the pontificate of Pope Paul II. Pope Sixtus IV charged him with the education of his nephew Giuliano della Rovere, future Pope Julius II, naming him preceptor nella pietà e nelle lettere (in piety and letters).

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Pistoia, December 23, 1474. Consecrated (no information found). Governor of Benevento in the pontificate of Pope Sixtus V; cofirmed by Pope Innocent VIII. Abbot commendatario of S. Zenobio di Pisa. Sollicitaoris of apostolic letters, May 21, 1513. Auditor of Pope Julius II; he was also adscribed to the pontifical family. Because of his opinions contrary to the will of Pope Julius II, he was not promoted to the cardinalate by that pontiff (1)

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S Cesareo, July 6, 1517.

Death. September 17, 1518, Pistoia. Transferred to Florence and buried in the tomb of his family in the Abbey Fiorentina.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 18-19; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1411-1412; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 216; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 15, 61 and 275; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), I, 713; Weber, Christoph. Senatus divinus : verborgene Strukturen im Kardinalskollegium der frühen Neuzeit (1500-1800). Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, 1996, p. 383.

(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 19.

(13) 5. PETRUCCI, Raffaele (1472-1522)

Birth. 1472, Siena. Of a patrician family. Third of the seven children of Giacoppo Petrucci. Cousin of Cardinal Alfonso Petrucci (1511).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Canon of the metropolitan chapter of Siena, ca. 1497. Protonotary apostolic.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Grosseto, August 4, 1497; constituted administrator until reaching the canonical age of 27 years old; occupied the see until his death. Consecrated (no information found). Moderator of the Republic of Siena, 1512-1522 (1). He had two natural children (2). Prefect of Castello Sant'Angelo, Rome, March 12, 1513 until March 1516.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of Susanna, December 26, 1517. Administrator of the see of Bertinoro, March 14, 1519 until March 14, 1520. Abbot commendatario of S. Galgano. Named bishop of Sovana, February 6, 1520; occupied the see until his death. Participated in the conclave of 1521-1522. Received, together with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici, Silvio Passerini, Niccolò Ridolfi and Giovanni Piccolomini, the new Pope Adrian VI on his arrival in Italy at the port of Livorno.

Death. December 11, 1522, Rome (3). Buried in the Dominican church in Siena (3).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 19-20; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1412; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 161; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp., 15, 71, 139, 206 and 305; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), IV, 751.

Link. Ludwig von Pastor. Historia de los Papas. León X (1513-1521). Capítulo IV: Conjuración del Cardenal Petrucci y gran creación de cardenales de 1 de Junio de 1517, pp. 151-202, in Spanish.

(1) This is according to Weber, Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte, IV, 751; Pastor, Historia de los Papas, linked above, says that he was named in March 1516.
(2) According to Weber, Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte, IV, 751, they were Eustachio and Pietro, born in 1500 and became bishop of Bertinoro in 1520; he was referred to as nepos Cardinalis.
(3) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 20; and the site of Bibbiano Guglieschi indicate that he died in that village. Cardella adds that some were not sorry about his death because of his avarice and arrogance in the government of that city; and that the poeple, infuriated, had to be contained from throwing pebbles and stones against his cadaver.
(3) This is the text of his epitaph, taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1412: D. O. M. RAPHAELI. PETRVCCIO. CARDINALI. PATRVO. OPTIMO. VITA. FVNCTO. MDXXII. ANTONIVS. MARIA. IOANNIS. FRATRIS. FILVS. PENENDVM. CVRAVIT. ANNO. MDLXX.

(14) 6. DELLA VALLE, Andrea (1463-1534)

Link. Brief biographical data, in English.

(1) This is according to his epitaph, transcribed in note 2; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15, says that he died on August 4, 1534.
(2) This is the text of his epitaph, taken from the addition of Andrea Vittorelli to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, cols. 1412-1423: ANDREÆ. DE. VALLE. CARD. EPISCOPI. PRÆNESTINI. OSSA. HIC. SITA. SVNT. VIXIT. ANN. LXX. MENS. VIII. DIES. V. III. NON. SEXTILIS. ESSE. INTER. NOS. DESIIT. Si tibi par ausis suum matura dedisset. Nacta erat amissum Maria Roma decus.

(15) 7. FERRERO, Bonifacio (1476-1543)

Birth. 1476, Biella. Fifth of the thirteen children of Sebastiano Ferrero and Tomena Avogadro. His last name is also listed as Bonifazio. Brother of Cardinal Gianstefano Ferrero (1500). Uncle of Cardinals Filiberto Ferrero (1549); and Pier Francesco Ferrero (1561). Grand-uncle of Cardinal Guido Luca Ferrero (1565). Another member of the family was Cardinal Antonio Ferrero (1505).

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Canon of the metropolitan chapter of Vercelli, June 6, 1490; later its provost from December 3, 1494. Abbot commendatario of S. Stefano di Ivrea, November 14, 1494 to 1508; and again from 1536 to October 28, 1537.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Ivrea, July 28, 1497; resigned the government of the diocese in favor of his brother Cardinal Gianstefano Ferrero, November 5, 1509; Consecrated (no information found). Prior of S. Pietro di Chambéry, 1499-1519. Administrator of the see of Nice, 1501-1504. Transferred to the see of Vercelli, November 5, 1509; resigned the government of the diocese in favor of his brother Agostino Ferrero, September 17, 1511. Prior of Ss. Giovanni e Sebastiano di Benna, 1508-1542. Transferred to the see of Ivrea again, September 17, 1511; resigned the government of the see in favor of his nephew Filiberto Ferrero, May 17, 1518. Participated in the V Lateran Council.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, July 6, 1517. Participated in the conclaves of 1521-1522 and 1523. Abbot commendatario of Santo Stefano of the citadel of Vercelli, 1522-1527. Abbot commendatario of San Michele della Chiusa, 1524-1535. Abbot commendatario of San Benigno di Fruttuaria, 1525 to November 5, 1534. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, December 12, 1533. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, September 5, 1534. Participated in the conclave of 1534. Named by Pope Paul III legate in Vicenza. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Sabina, February 26, 1535. Adminsitrator of the see of Vercelli at the death of his brother Agostino, September 1 to December 20, 1536, when he resigned in favor of his nephew Pietro Ferrero. Prior of S. Egidio di Verres from 1535. Abbot commendatario of S. Salvatore di Casalvolone from 1536. Dean of the Chapel of Santissima Sindone di Chambéry from June 4, 1537.Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, November 28, 1537. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Canon and provost of the chapter of of the collegiate church of S. Gervasio di Ginevra from 1537. Provost of S. Bernardo di Montjovet from 1537. Prior of S. Pietro di Nantua from 1537. Legate in Bologna, 1540. Prior of S. Stefano di Robbio until 1542.

Death. January 2, 1543, near midnight, Rome. Deposited in the church of SS. Trinità a Monte Pincio, Rome; later transferred to Biella and buried in the tomb of his ancestors in the church of S. Sebastiano.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 21-23; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1413; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen II (1431-1503). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1914; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, p. 169; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 15, 55, 57, 58, 67, 214 and 330; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), V, 387.

Links. His portrait; another portrait; and I vescovi dell'Arcidiocesi di Vercelli.

(16) 8. PALLAVICINO, Giovanni Battista (1480-1524)

Birth. 1480, Genoa. Of a patrician family. Son of Cipriano Pallavicino and Bianca Gattilusi. Nephew of Cardinal Antonio Gentile Pallavicino (1489).

Education. Educated under the direction of his uncle the cardinal. Studied law and letters. Obtained a doctorate in law at the University of Padua.

Early life. Dean of the cathedral chapter of Orense; resigned and later returned on March 19, 1513. Abbot commendatario of the monastery of S. Maria di Marola and the Augustinian monastery of SS. Trinità di Campagnola, September 4, 1507. Abbot commendatario of the monastery of Rigpalta, diocese of Turin, September 10, 1507.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Cavaillon, November 22, 1507 occupied the see until his death. Consecrated (no information found). Scriptor of apostolic letters, 1511. Participated in the V Lateran Council in 1512. Abbreviator primae visionis, 1513. Canon of the cathedral chapter and prebendary of Como, March 17, 1514.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Apollinare, July 6, 1517. Participated in the conclave of 1521-1522. Named abbot commendatario of S. Michele di Clusa by Pope Adrian VI. Participated in the conclave of 1523. He prepared his testament on July 22, 1524.

Death. August 13, 1524, Rome (1). Buried in the church of S. Maria del Popolo, Rome (2).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 23 ; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1413-1414; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 15, 60 and 161.

Link. His bust, epitaph and arms, church of S. Maria del Popolo, Rome.

(1) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 23; and Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1414, say that he died in Fabbrica, diocese of Città di Castello and was transferred to Rome; the latter source adds that he was in Fabbrica recovering from an illness.
(2) This is the text of his epitaph taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1414: D. O. M. IO. BAPTISTÆ. PALLAVICINO. GENVENSI. S. R . E. CARD. TITVULVM. S. APOLLINARIS. CARD. CAVALLICENSI. ANTONIOTTI. CARD. S. PRAXEDIS. EX. FRATRE. NEPOTI. EXIMIA. IVRIS. SCIENTIA. ET. BONARVM. LITERARVM. COGNITIONE. PRÆSTANTI. PER. OMNES. FORENSIVM. DIGNITATVM. GRADVS. AD. CARDINALATVM. EVECTO. A. LEONE. X. HADRIANO. VI. CLEMENTE. VII. AD. SVMMAS. RES. ADHIBITO. IN. MEDIO. HONORVM. CVRSV.. IMMATVRA. MORTE. PRÆREPTO. IO. BAPTIST. VTR. SIG. REFER. ET. BABILANVS. PALLAVICINI. FRATRES. PATRVO. MAGNO. BENE. DE. FAMILIA. MERITO. MEMORIÆ. CAVSA. POSS. MDXCVI. VIXIT. ANNOS. XLIV. OBIIT. ANN. SAL. MDXXIV. IDIBVS. AVGVSTI.

(17) 9. TRIVULZIO, Scaramuccia (ca. 1465-1524)

Birth. Ca. 1465, Milan. Of a patrician family. Son of Gianfermo Trivulzio and Margherita Valperga. Relative of Cardinals Agostino Trivulzio (1517); and Antonio Trivulzio, iuniore (1557). Great-grand-uncle of Cardinal Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio (1629). Another cardinal of the family was Antonio Trivulzio, seniore, O.C.R.S.A. (1500). His last name is also listed as Trivulce.

Education. Studied law, both canon and civil at the University of Pavia, Pavia.

Early life. Member of Collegio dei Giurisconsulti of Milan, 1489. Lector the the Universty of Pavia from 1491. Abbot commendatario of S. Stefano del Corno from 1499. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Apostolic notary. Counselor to King Louis XII of France.

Sacred orders. (No information found). Cleric of Milan.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Como, April 14, 1508; occupied the see until January 8, 1518. Consecrated (no information found). Opposed the pseudocouncil of Pisa, which was against Pope Julius II. Assessor to the V Lateran Council.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Ciriaco, July 6, 1517. Protector of France. Participated in the conclave of 1521-1522. Administrator of the see of Piacenza, September 26, 1519 until May 31, 1525. Participated in the conclave of 1523. When the French were expelled from Italy, Duke Francesco Sforza of Milan deprived the cardinal of all the rents he had in Lombardy; the Spaniards also deprived the cardinal of his rents when King François I of France was taken prisoner in Pavia. Administrator of the see of Vienne, March 18, 1527 until his death.

Death. August 3, 1527, monastery of Magenzano (or Maguzzano), territory of Verona (1), while travelling to Milan to warn the city of the danger in which it was because the Bourbon army was on its way. Buried in that monastery.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 26-28; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1415; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 15, 62, 182 and 275; Katterbach, Bruno. Referendarii utriusque Signaturæ a Martino V ad Clementem IX et Praelati Signaturae Supplicationum a Martino V ad Leonem XIII. Città del Vaticano 1931. (Studi e Testi 55), pp. 67 and 76; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), IV, 930.

Link.The Trivulzio Family, in Italian.

(1) This is according to Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 28; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 15, says that he died in Curia Romana.

(18) 10. COLONNA, Pompeo (1479-1532)

Birth. May 12, 1479, Rome. Roman noble and Neapolitan patrician. Son of Girolamo Colonna and Vittoria Conti. His first name is also listed as Pompeio. Grand-uncle of Cardinal Marco Antonio Colonna, seniore (1565). Other members of the family who were elevated to the cardinalate were Giovanni Colonna (1212); Giacomo Colonna (1278); Pietro Colonna (1288); Giovanni Colonna (1327); Agapito Colonna (1378); Stefano Colonna (1378); Oddone Colonna (1405; later Pope Martin V); Prospero Colonna (1426); Giovanni Colonna (1480); Ascanio Colonna (1586); Girolamo Colonna (1627); Carlo Colonna (1706); Prospero Colonna (1739); Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra (1743); Prospero Colonna di Sciarra (1743); Marcantonio Colonna, iuniore (1759); Pietro Colonna (1766), who took the last name Pamphili.

Education. His tutor was his uncle Prospero Colonna and to please him, he entered the ecclesiastical state, for which he did not have a definite vocation; he was more inclined to the military (1). (No further educational information found).

Early life. Accompanied his uncle Prospero in the expeditions against the Orsini in 1498; and, allied with the Spanish, against the French in Barletta, Cerignola and Garigliano in 1503. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Abbot commendatario of Subiaco, 1507-1513; and Grottaferrata from 1508.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Rieti, October 6, 1508; resigned in favor of his nephew Scipione Colonna, March 20, 1514; retained the right to return. Abbot commendatario of the monastery of Frascati, 1508. Consecrated (no information found). Participated in the V Lateran Council. In 1512, erroneously believing that Pope Julius II had died, he instigated the population of Rome to free itself from papal power; the pope declared him culpable of felony and stripped him of his benefices. Pope Leo X, successor of Pope Julius II, rehabilitated him.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of Ss. XII Apostoli, November 13, 1517. Administrator of the see of Terni, May 14 to December 5, 1520. Administrator of the see of Potenza, January 7, 1521 to November 21, 1526, when he was deprived of the cardinalate. Administrator of the see of Catania, February 27, 1523 to January 18, 1524. Legate a latere to Hungary and Poland, February 27, 1523. Vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, January 11, 1524 until November 21, 1526. Legate in Ancona. Administrator of the see of Acerno, January 18, 1524 to June 23, 1525. Administrator of the see of Rossano; resigned a few days later. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, January 11, 1524, proper of the vice-chancellor. Administrator of the see of Aquila, July 3, 1525 to 1532. The enmity between the Medicis and the Colonnas culminated in 1526 when Marcello Colonna with 3,000 soldiers and 800 horsemen entered the Vatican palace and sacked it; Pope Clement VII declared the Colonnas culpable of lesa maestà, rebellion and enemies of the Apostolic See; the pope also excomunicated Cardinal Pompeo and deprived him of the cardinalatial dignity on November 21, 1526; the sentence was read by Benedetto Accolti, archbishop of Ravenna, secretary of the pope, in a consistory attended by twenty cardinals. In March 1527, he negotiated a truce with the pope in exchange for the restitution of his cardinalate but the Constable of Bourbon, who commanded the imperial troops did not accept the agreement and entered Rome; Colonna entered the city with him on May 6-8, 1527. In spite of this, Colonna tried to paliate the damage of the sack of Rome, providing asylum in his palace of the chancery for as many as he could and obtaining the freedom of hostages, among them the future Pope Julius III. It is not known with certainty when Colonna was restored to his cardinalitial dignity and it could have been before the sack. Bishop of Rieti again from 1528 to August 27, 1529. Administrator of the see of Aversa, April 20 to September 24, 1529. Administrator of the see of Sarno, August 24, 1530 until July 5, 1532. Administrator of the see of Monreale, December 14, 1530 until his death. Named viceroy of Naples by Emperor Charles V in 1530. He was legate in Bologna and Marca Anconitana.

Death. June 28 (2), 1532, Naples (3). Buried in the sacristy of the church of the monastery of Monteoliveto, Naples.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 23-26; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, cols. 1415 and 1482; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 15-16, 60, 64, 93, 113, 126, 159, 213, 250, 279, 283 and 293; Panvinio, Onofrio. Onvphrii Panvinii Veronensis Fratris Eremitæ Augustiniani, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII. per quingentos posteriores a Christi natali annos creati. Venetiis, apud Michaelem Tramezinum, 1577. Microform, 1960. (Manuscripta, microfilms of rare and out-of-print books; list 18, no. 27) ; Microfilm copy, made in 1960, of the original in Vatican. Biblioteca vaticana. Positive./ Negative film in Vatican. Biblioteca vaticana, pp. and 372-373.

Links. His genealogy A1 B7 C5; biographical data, in German; biographical profile, in Italian; his engraving; and his portrait.

(1) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 23; this seems odd given the fact that the uncle was an active and dedicated military man.
(2) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 16; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1482; Panvinio, Onofrio. Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, pp. 373, say that he died on 4 Kal Augusti, which would be July 29. He was succeeded by Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici in the title of S. Lorenzo; and in the title of Ss. XII Apostoli, which he was retaining in commendam, by Cardinal Alfonso Manrique on July 21, 1532.
(3) This is according to Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 26; Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1482; and Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, pp. 373; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 16, says that he died in Curia Romana.

(19) 11. GIACOBAZZI, Domenico (1444-1528)

Birth1444, Rome. Of a patrician family. Third of the five children of Cristoforo Giacobazzi de Facheschis. His last name is also listed as Giacobacci, Jacobatius and Jacobatii. Uncle of Cardinal Girolamo Verallo (1549).

Education. Studied theology and utroque iure, both canon and civil law. (No further educational information found).

Early life. Consistorial lawyer, 1485. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1493; later its dean. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1503.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Nocera dei Pagani, November 8, 1511; resigned the government of the see in favor of his brother Andrea Giacobazzi, August 14, 1517. Consecrated (no information found). Participated in the V Lateran Council. President of the Archgymnasium of Rome. Vicar general of the pope.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Pansiperna, July 6, 1517. Opted for the title of S. Bartolomeo all'Isola, July 10, 1517; retained in commendam the title of S. Lorenzo in Pansiperna until his death. Opted for the title of S. Clemente, August 20, 1519. Administrator of the see of Cassano, December 2, 1519 until March 23, 1523. Participated in the conclaves of 1521-1522 and 1523. Named again bishop of Nocera dei Pagani at the death of his brother Bishop Andrea in 1524; occupied the see until his death (1). He composed a treatise on the history of the councils which had several editions.

Death. 1528 (2), Rome. Buried in the church of S. Eustachio (3), Rome.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 1099; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 28-30; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1416-1417 and 1482; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 16, 61, 62, 64, 146 and 229-230; Panvinio, Onofrio. Onvphrii Panvinii Veronensis Fratris Eremitæ Augustiniani, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII. per quingentos posteriores a Christi natali annos creati. Venetiis, apud Michaelem Tramezinum, 1577. Microform, 1960. (Manuscripta, microfilms of rare and out-of-print books; list 18, no. 27) ; Microfilm copy, made in 1960, of the original in Vatican. Biblioteca vaticana. Positive./ Negative film in Vatican. Biblioteca vaticana, pp. 355 and 372; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), II, 464.

(1) Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, indicates that at his death, the cardinal was succeeded in the see of Nocera dei Pagani by Paolo Giovio, who was elected on January 13, 1528.
(2) This is according to all the sources consulted except Bertone, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 1099, that says he died on July 2, 1527; Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 372; and Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1482, add that he died in January 1528; given the state of the city in the second half of 1527, after the sack, it is possible that the death of the cardinal would not have been registered adequately and that it had occurred by January 1528, which does not mean that he had not died before that date. His title of S. Clemente was given to the new Cardinal Andrea Matteo Palmieri on November 21, 1527, which indicates that it was vacant at that time.
(3) This is according to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1416; and Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 372; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, 29, says that he was buried in the church of S. Eusebio and adds that other sources, which he does not mention, say that he was buried in in the church of of S. Eustachio or in the church of S. Trifone.

(20) 12. BOURBON DE VENDÔME, Louis II de (1493-1557)

Birth. January 2, 1493, château of Ham, Picardy, France. Fourth son of François de Bourbon, count of Vendôme, and Marie de Luxembourg, countess of Saint-Paul. His godfather was Louis de Bourbon, prince of La Rochelle-sur-Yon. Nephew of Cardinals Philippe de Luxembourg (1495); and Charles I de Bourbon (1476). Uncle of Cardinal Charles II de Bourbon-Vendôme (1548). Great-uncle of Cardinal Charles III de Bourbon de Vendôme (1583). His first name is also listed as François-Louis and his second last name as Vendocimo.

Education. Collège de Navarre, Paris (obtained a doctorate).

Sacred orders. Ordained (no information found). Received the ecclesiastical tonsure in Faremoutiers from Cardinal Georges I d'Amboise, legate in France.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Laon, April 24, 1510; with dispensation for not having yet reached the canonical age; granted faculties a quocumque, July 31, 1515; occupied the see until March 23, 1552. Consecrated, May 3, 1517, church of the priorate of Val-des-Ecoliers, Paris, by his uncle Cardinal Philippe de Luxembourg, bishop of Le Mans, assisted by Etienne de Poncher, bishop of Paris, and by Jean Le Veneur, bishop of Lisieux. Attended the coronation of Queen Claude of France at the church of Saint-Denis, Paris, May 10, 1517. Took the oath before King François I of France, June 9, 1517.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite after July 6, 1517. He signed the matrimonial contract of Dauphin François, barely one year old, with Mary of England, who was four years old. Administrator of the see of Le Mans, August 8, 1519; governed the see through vicars general; resigned, August 13, 1535. Opted for the title of S. Martino ai Monti, June 11, 1521. Did not participate in the conclaves of 1521-1522 and 1523. Legate in Umbra in the pontificate of Pope Clement VII. Administrator of the see of Luçon, January 11, 1524; resigned, March 27, 1527. First abbot commendatario of Saint-Denis, Paris, 1529. Celebrated the funeral of Louise de Savoy, mother of King François I, in the abbey of Saint-Denis, August 18, 1530. Crowned Queen Eléonore of Austria, second wife of King François I of France, abbey of Saint-Denis, March 5, 1531. Opted for the title of S. Sabina, March 3, 1533. Administrator of the metropolitan see of Sens, August 13, 1535 until his death. Celebrated the marriage between Princess Magdalene-Marie, eldest daughter of King François I, and King James V of Scotland in the cathedral of Notre-Dame of Paris, January 1, 1536. Attended the assembly of princes and grand officer of the crown celebrated in Paris on February 18, 1536 on the subject of the proposed war against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Administrator of the see of Tréguier, June 14, 1538 to April 26, 1542. Participated in the conclave of 1534. Baptized Prince François, future King Henri II of France, in Fountainbleau on February 2, 1542. Celebrated the funeral of King François I in the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris, on May 23, 1547. Presided over the Assembly of the Clergy of Melun, 1548. Crowned Queen Catalina de' Medici of France in the abbey of Saint-Denis on June 10, 1549. Did not participate in the conclave of 1549-1550. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, February 24, 1550. On March 7, 1550, he notified Louis Guillard, bishop of Chartres and Louis de Lorraine, bishop of Troyes, of the letters of the king concerning the episcopal residence. Named by King Henri II of France general of the French troops, which under his direction maintained the enemies outside the province of Piccardy. Received from King Henri II the government of Paris ans Ile-de-France, 1552. Celebrated, thorugh his vicars general, a diocesan synod in Sens in 1554. He held in the baptismal font, in the name of King Henri II of France Henri de Navarre, future King Henri IV of France, in 1554. Participated in the two conclaves of 1555. Legate a latere in Savoy. Provisor La Sorbone University, Paris. He was also abbot commendatario of Saint-Vincent de Laon; Saint-Corneille de Compiègne; Notre-Dame de Colombs; Saint Léonard de Ferrières; Saint-Faron de Meaux; Saint-Serge d'Angres; Notre-Dame de Ham; and Saint-Amand-en-Pevèle. He had built the Bourbon Palace in Paris.

Death. March 13, 1557, hôtel Bourbon, abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris (1). Buried in the choir of the cathedral of Laon. Pierre Jumel delivered the funeral oration.

Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, col. 1158; Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 34-36; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1418; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 16, 57, 67, 70, 162, 220, 230, 298 and 317; Fisquet, Honoré Jean Pierre. La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana) : histoire chronologique et biographique des archevêques et évêques de tous les diocèses de France depuis l'etablissement du Christianisme jusqu' à nos jours, divisée en 18 provinces ecclésiastiques. 21 vols. Paris : E. Repos, 1864-1874. Contents: [v.1-5] Métropole d'Aix -- [v.6-7] Métropole d'Avignon -- [v.8] Métropole de Bordeaux -- [v.9] Métropole de Cambrai -- [v.10] Métropole de Lyon et Vienne -- [v.11-13] Métropole de Paris -- [v.14-15] Métropole de Reims -- [v.16-19] Métropole de Rouen -- [v.20-21] Métropole de Sens. Other title: Gallia Christiana, XX, 118-121.

Links. Biography, pp. 118-121, in French; his genealogy, 3.3; another genealogy A2 B2 E4; his portrait by François Clouet, Musée Condé, Chantilly, France; his portrait, École de Clouet Jean, Musée Condé, Chantilly, France; the title of the painting is "Prélat inconnu" (Unknown prelate) and François Bouchot attributes it to the cardinal; his monument, basilica of Saint-Denis, former abbatial church, Île-de-France.

(1) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 16 and 57; Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 1158, says that he died on March 11, 1556; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 35-36, says that he died in 1556 in Paris; Ferdinando Ughelli, Cist., in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, 1418, says that he died on May 13, 1557 in Laon and that he was buried in its cathedral, adding that his heart was placed in the church of Saint-Denis in Paris; and his first genealogy, linked above, says that he died in 1556. The discrepancy concerning the year of his death is probably due to the French vieux style, which is always a year later.

(21) 13. CAMPEGGIO, Lorenzo (1474-1539)

Birth. November 7, 1474, Milan. Of a noble Bolognese family. Son of Giovanni Zaccaria Campeggio, a lawyer, and Dorotea Tebaldini. Father of Cardinal Alessandro Campeggio (1551). His last name is also listed as Campeggi.

Education. Initial studies in Pavia. Studied law under his father at the Universities of Padua and Bologna; obtained a doctorate in canon law 1499; later, he obtained a doctorate in civil law. He was considered one of the best canonists in Europe.

Early life. Professor of law at the University of Padua in 1493, before obtaining his doctorate. He married Francesca Guastavillani in 1500 and had five children, two daughters and three sons (1); she died in 1509 and the following year he entered the ecclesiastical state. He worked diligently to convince Bologna to return to the obedience of Pope Julius II. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1511; went to Rome to assume his post. Nuncio to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I; his mission was to make the emperor recall his envoys to the schismatic Council of Pisa, which wanted to depose Pope Julius II; and send them to the V Lateran Council (1512-1517), convoked by the pope; he successfully accomplished his mission.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Feltre, November 12, 1512; Emperor Maximilian granted him the temporal government of the city as well as the privilege to wear the cross and the sword as signs of feudal seignory; resigned the government of the see in favor of his brother Tommaso Campeggio, June 1, 1520. Nuncio before Duke Massimiliano Maria Sforza of Milan; took possession of the nunciature on December 30, 1512; confirmed in his nunciature by the new Pope Leo X. Nuncio before Emperor Maximilian I, September 14, 1513; charged with bringing peace between the emperor and and King Ladislaw of Bohemia and Hungary; and uniting the Christian princes in a crusade against the Turks; the treaty of peace was signed in Vienna on July 28, 1515. Named member of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517. Named palatine count by the emperor, October 31, 1517. Received the red hat, December 12, 1517, cathedral basilica of S. Petronio, Bologna, from Lorenzo Fieschi, bishop of Mondovì; left for Rome, December 29, 1517 and arrived there on January 15, 1518; received the title of S. Tommaso in Parione, January 24, 1518. Legate before King Henry VIII of England to promote a league against the Turks and the ecclesiastical reform in that country, March 3, 1518; the legation ended thriteen months later; the king donated the palace of the English embassy in Rome to the cardinal. Received the episcopal consecration, April 6, 1518 (no further information found). Opted for the title of S. Anastasia, after November 13, 1519. Prefect of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, December 1519. Participated in the conclave of 1521-1522. During the pontificate of the new Pope Adrian VI, the cardinal proposed a plan to reform the church and eradicate abuses (2). Governor of the cities of Parma, December 10, 1522. Legate a latere to the Republic of Venice to promote the peace with the emperor, March 10 to August 4, 1523. Participated in the conclave of 1523. Transferred to the see of Bologna, December 2, 1523; resigned the government of the see in favor of his son Alessandro Campeggio; the pope named Cardinal Andrea Della Valle administrator of the see in the consistory of Wednesday December 20, 1525 (3); Alessandro was named to occupy the see on March 19, 1526. Legate a latere to all Germany, Bohemia, Hungary, Poland and the three Northern Kingdoms, January 8, 1524; participated in the Diet of Nüremberg; the purpose of the legation was to limit the spread of the Lutheran heresy; participated in the Congress of Ratisbon, June 24, 1524; left for Austria with Archduke Ferdinand; returned to Rome, October, 20, 1525. Named member of the papal commission on the affairs of the Teutonic Knights. Administrator of the see of Salisbury, December 2, 1524 until 1534 when King Henry VIII deposed him (4). The cardinal was present during the sack of Rome the night of September 18, 1526 and the one by the imperial troops on May 7, 1527, he stayed with Pope Clement VII in Castello Sant' Angelo; after the pope escaped, he was left as legate. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, April 27, 1528. Legate to England for the proceedings of the question of the divorce of King Henry VIII and Queen Catalina de Aragón, June 8, 1528; arrived in London on February 8, 1529; in March and April, Pope Clement VII sent instructions to the legate asking him to delay passing a sentence and to wait for the opportune moment in which to truncate any hope of obtaining the divorce from Rome; on May 15, 1528, the legate wrote the pope telling him that he would pronounce the sentence after Pentecost; the legate was advised again to find a reason to delay the pronuncement; in the meantime, the pope transferred the cause to the tribunal of the Sacred Roman Rota, as Emperor Charles V had requested; this decision greatly irritated and upset the king who not only confronted the legate by word but also deprived him of the see of Salisbury; the cardinal thought he was going to pay with his life; he made his son Ridolfo return to Italy immediately and, a few days later, when he saw that the king was less angry, he requested permission to leave the country; while crossing the strait of Dover, near the French coast, the cardinal was warned that his vessel was being followed by some British ships; fearing that assassins sent by King Henry VIII were on board those ships, he asked the captain of his vessel to confess and receive communion; the captain of the royal ships inspected the cardinal's vessel suspecting that he was transporting treasures donated by the queen; when nothing of that sort was found, he allowed the cardinal to continue his travel.

After crossing through France, he arrived in Bologna and was present at the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V by Pope Clement VII in the cathedral of S. Petronio on February 24, 1530. Pope Clement VII granted the cardinal the title of count of Dozza, for him and his descendants, on March 3, 1530. Named legate to the Diet of Augsburg, March 16, 1530; he accompanied the emperor to the diet departing Bologna on March 22 and arriving in Augsburg on June 15, 1530; because of his bad health, the cardinal asked the pope to be recalled from his legation; Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici replaced him on July 9, 1531. Administrator of the see of Huesca, September 2, 1530 until October 2, 1532. During the farewell visit, Emperor Charles V offered Cardinal Campeggio the see of Majorca, which he happily accepted not for him but for his son Giovanni Battista; he arrived in Bologna on September 17, 1531 in very poor health. On November 9, 1531, the cardinal acquired Palazzo Sanuti (now Bevilacqua) for his children. Administrator of the see of Parenzo, June 6, 1533; resigned in favor of his nephew Giovanni Campeggio, May 28, 1537. Administrator of the metropolitan see of Creta, June 17, 1534 until January 28, 1536. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, September 5, 1534. Participated in the conclave of 1534. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, February 26, 1535. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Sabina, November 28, 1537. Together with Cardinals Giacomo Simonetta and Girolamo Leandri, he was named legate a latere to the general council to be celebrated in the city of Vicenza; because of the imminent opening of the peace congress of Nice, the council was postponed until April 6, 1539; and on May 21, 1539, the assembly was suspended permanently.

Death.Saturday July 19 (5), 1539, at 5 p.m., of gout and fever, Rome. Buried in the portico of the church of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome (6).

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, ; Cardinal, Edward Victor. Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggio : legate to the courts of Henry VIII and Charles V. Boston : Chapman & Grimes, 1935; Centa, Claudio. Una dinastia episcopale nel Cinquecento: Lorenzo, Tommaso e Filippo Maria Campeggi, Vescovi di Feltre 1512-1584. 2 vols. Roma : Centro liturgico vincenziano, 2004. (Chiesa e storia ; 2); Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. ; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 16, 55, 57, 58, 59, 66, 71, 136, 181, 195, 264 and 270; Gams, Pius Bonifatius Series episcoporum Ecclesiæ catholicæ. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, p. 197, 401, 676, 777 and 799; Katterbach, Bruno. Referendarii utriusque Signaturæ a Martino V ad Clementem IX et Praelati Signaturae Supplicationum a Martino V ad Leonem XIII. Città del Vaticano 1931. (Studi e Testi 55), pp. 71, 81, 84 and 92; Meluzzi, Luciano. I vescovi e gli arcivescovi di Bologna. Bologna : Grafica Emiliana, 1975, (Collana storico-ecclesiastica; 3), pp. 366-376; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), I, 168.

Links. Biography, in English; biography, in German; biography, in English; another biography, in English; Cronotasi dei vescovi ed arcivescovi dell'arcidiocesi di Bologna, in Italian; his portrait, Rettorato, Ufficio Prorettori, University of Bologna, Bologna; and seal with his effigy.

(1) They were Laudomia; Alessandro, bishop of Bologna and cardinal; Ridolfo; Giovanni Battista, bishop of Majorca; and Leonora.
(2) According to his first biography in English, linked above, of the several plans for reform and eradication of the abuses in the church, one of the best and most thorough was the one of Cardinal Campeggio; he submitted that the main source of all the evils was the Roman Curia; he recommended to greatly diminish the powers of the Datary; that benefices should not be combined, reserved, or kept in commendam; and that only able and virtuous men should be appointed to them. He criticized the fact that the Holy See had, by means of concordats, surrendered the rights of the church to the secular powers; he spoke strongly against the reckless granting of indulgences, especially against those of the Franciscans, and those connected with the contributions towards the building of the Vatican basilica in Rome; he urged the importance of peace between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and King François I of France, so that they joined efforts against the common enemy of Christendom, the Turks. The cardinal also strongly advocated for the elimination of the Lutheran heresy by enforcing the Edict of Worms. Unfortunately, the pope's pontificate ended very soon and there was no time to implement any of the reforms.
(3) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 136-137; Centa, Una dinastia episcopale nel Cinquecento, II, 1362; Meluzzi, I vescovi e gli arcivescovi di Bologna, p. 371; Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiæ catholicæ, p. 676; and Weber, Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte, I, 168; the "Cronotasi dei vescovi ed arcivescovi of Bologna", linked above, indicates that he occupied the see until his death in 1539.
(4) This is according to Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiæ catholicæ, p. 197; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 292, says that he occupied the post until his death.
(5) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 16; and Meluzzi, I vescovi e gli arcivescovi di Bologna, p. 375; his biographies in English and German, linked above, say that he died on July 25, 1539.
(6) This is the text of his epitaph taken from Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1417: LAVRENTII. TITVLI. S. MARIÆ. TRANSTYBERIM. PATRIS. ET. ALEXANDRI. S. LVCIÆ. IN. SILICE. FILII. EX. LEGITIMO. MATRIMONIO. ANTE. SACERDOTIVM. SVSCEPTI. EX. NOBILI. COMPEGIORVM. BONONIENSIVM. FAMILIA. S. R. E. CARDINALIVM. OSSA. EX. EMINENTI. LOCO. ANNO. SALVTIS. MDLXXI. HVC. TRANSLATA. IN. VNVM. REQVIESCVNT.

(22) 14. PONZETTI, Ferdinando (1444-1527)

Links. Brief biographical data, in Italian, in 20/4/1517  venerdì"; his image in the painting Madonna con le Ss.Brigida e Caterina e il cardinale Ferdinando Ponzetti by Baldassare Peruzzi, church of S. Maria della Pace, Rome.

(1) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 241; his biographical data in Italian, linked above, says that he resigned on May 28, 1518.
(2) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 39; the source adds that because of the suffering and melancholy that the loss brought him, he died in Rome in 1527.
(3) This is according to Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 16 and 68; Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 1421; and his biographical data in Italian, linked above, say that he died on September 2, 1527; Ferdinando Ughelli, Cist., in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1419; and Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 372, says that he died in Rome in March 1528; this latter source transcribed the text of the cardinal's epitaph, which appears in the following note, and it says that he died on September 2, 1527.
(4) This is according to all the sources consulted except Eubel, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, III, 16, which says that he died extra Curia Romana.
(5) This is the text of his epitaph taken from Ferdinando Ughelli, Cist., in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1419: DEPOSITVM. VIRI. OMNIVM. DISCIPLINARVM. OMNIVMQ. ACTIONVM. HVMANARVM. QVÆ. SINGVLAREM. ET. CORPO. ET. ANIMI. VERAM. FELICITATEM. MORTALIBVS. PARERE. SOLENT. REFERTISSIMI. FERDINANDI. PONZETI. SANCTÆ. ROMANÆ. ECCLESIÆ. PRÆSBYTERI. CARDINALIS. TIVLIS. S. PANCRATII. QVI. DIE. II. SEPTEMBRIS. MDXXVII. OBIIT. VICTVRVS. SCILICIT. VITAM. HOMI .... CXX. ANNORVM. NI. SACRAM. DIREPTIONEM. VIDISSET. IACOBVS. PINZETVS. EPISCOPVS. MEPLHITANVS. NEPOS. LACRYMANS. POSVIT.

(23) 15. ROSSI, Luigi de' (1474-1519)

Birth. August 6, 1474 (1), Florence. Son of Leonetto de' Rossi and Maria de' Medici. Cousin of Pope Leo X on his mother's side.

Education. Educated together with Giovanni de' Medici, his cousin and future Pope Leo X; he had "... maturo giudizio e rara prudenza nel maneggio degli affari..." (mature judgement and rare prudence in the management of affairs) (2). (No further educational information found).

Early life. Protonotary apostolic. Abbot commendatario of abad of the monasteries of La Vid, Burgos; and St. Sauveur de Redon, 1514.

Sacred orders. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517; received the red hat and the title of S. Clemente, July 6, 1517. Pro-datary of His Holiness.

Death. August 20, 1519, Rome. Buried in the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome (3). Later transferred to the church of S. Felicita, Florence.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 39-40; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1420; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 16 and 62.

Links. His portrait with Pope Leo X and Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, future Pope Clement VIII, by Raffaello Sanzio, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence; and his tomb, portico of the church of S. Felicita, Florence.

(1) This is according to Ferdinando Ughelli in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1420; Chacón, in that same column, says that he was born on August 6, 1479; if he was 45 at the time of his death in 1519, as the inscription placed by his family indicates (see note 2), he could have not been born in 1479.
(2) Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 39.
(3) This is the text of his epitaph, which was composed by Pope Leo X, transcribed by Ferdinando Ughelli in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1420: ALOYSIO. VETVSTISSIMÆ. AC. NOBILISSIMÆ. ROSSIORVM. FLORENTIÆ. FAMILIÆ. ORTO. OB. EIVS. IN. MEDICEAM. FAMILIAM. AFFINITATEM. FIDEM. ET. OBSERVANTIAM. LEONIS. X. PONT. MAXIMO. APPRIME. GRATO. OB. EIVS. INGENTES. ANIMI. CORPORISQ. DOTES. IN. CARDINEVM. SENTVM. ASCITO. ET. MOX. VM. TOTIVS. ROMANÆ. CVRIÆ. LVCTV. IMMATVRA. MORTE. PEREMPTO. IMDE. LEO. X. PONT. MAX. TEMPORANEVM. MONVMENTVM. DONEC. IN. PATRIAM. SEPVLCRO. TANTO. VIRO. DIGNO. TVMUVLANDVS. PORTATERVR. FIERI. FECIT. OBIIT. ANNO. DOMINI. MDXIX. MENS. AVGVSTI. DIE. XX. This is the text of the inscription that his family placed in the church of S. Felicitas, Florence, transcribed in the same adition: ALOYSIO. ROSSO. CARDINALI. PII. GENTILES. HOC. PRO. MERITIS. NEC. SATIS. POSVERE. VIXIT. ANN. XLV. OBIIT. ANN. M. D. XIX.

(24) 16. PASSERINI, Silvio (1469-1529)

Links. Biography, in English; biography, in Italian; his cenotaph, epitaph and portrait, basilica of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, Rome; larger view of his portrait; another biography, in Italian, with his portrait and cenotaph; Il Palazzone, villa that he built; his portrait, arms and family's arms.

(1) This is according to his three biographies linked above; Weber, Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte, IV, 732, says that he was born in 1470.
(2) According to his biography in English, linked above: In Cortona, Cardinal Passerini directed his diocese from the Palazzone on the height above Cortona. Originally the 12th-century Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo, who represented the "tribuni della plebe" (the "tribunes of the people"), in 1514 the "Capitani del Popolo" gave way to Cardinal Passerini, who rebuilt it in Renaissance taste ca 1521-27, and left it, as "Palazzo Passerini," to his heirs (who donated it in 1964 to provide a section of the University of Pisa).
(3) This is according to all the sources consuted except Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 372, that says he died on XII. Cal. Maii 1530.
(4) This is according to Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 1350; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 52; his biography in English, linked above; and the inscription in his tomb, in note 5; Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 372; and his biography in Italian, linked above, say that he died in Rome; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 16, says that he died in Curia Romana.
(5) This is the text of the inscription in his tomb transcribed by Ferdinando Ughelli, Cist., in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1424: D. O. M. SYLVIO PASSERINO tit. Sancti Lurentii in Lucina Presbytero Cardinali Cortonensi amplissimo, qui ob eius singulares virtutes a Leone X. cuis Datarius fuerat, Cardinalis creatur, dum Tusciæ Perusii totiusq; Vmbria sub Clemente VII. summa provincialium, omniumq; commendatione legatione fungeretur, ac acerrimum in ea libertatis Ecclesiastica se vindecem proberet, sexagenarius Typherni e vivis, cunctorum moerore excessits nn. MDXXIX. XII. Kal. Maii, in hancque sacram tituli sui adem, quam vivens excoluerat, transferrise condi ex testamento ius sit. Sylvius Passerinus Archiepiscopus Cosentinus ipsius Cardinalis, ex Nicolao Passerino et Francisco Hieronymi Borbonii Marchionis Montis Sanctæ Mariæ filiæ coniugibus, pronepos patruo magno bene merenti atque sibi adhuc vivens ac de morte cogitans faciundum curavit, anno Domini M. D. LXXXVII.

(25) 17. ARMELLINI DE' MEDICI, Francesco (1470-1527)

Links. Biography, in Italian in "Personaggi illustri"; another biography, in Italian; his arms; his tomb, church of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome; his sarcophagus; detail of the jacent statue in his tomb; complete view of the tomb; and catalog of the bishops of Arezzo.

(1) This is according to Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 264; Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, IV, 40; and Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni, III, 41, say that some sources indicate that he was born in Perugia, while others say that he was born in Fossato, diocese of Nocera; neither one mentions the sources; Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, pp. 355 and 372; and Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1420; and his epitaph, transcribed by Andrea Vittorini, note 3 below, say that he was Peruginus.
(2) The catalog of the bishops of Arezzo, says that he occupied the see from 1518 to 1522; neither Eubel nor Pius Bonfatius Gams Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. (3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957), p. 742 list him among the occupants of this see.
(3) This is according to Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 264; and his epitaph, transcribed by Andrea Vittorini, note 3 below; Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, III, 16, says that he died on January 8, 1528; the same source, III, 308, says that he died in October 1527; Del Re, La Curia romana : lineamenti storico giuridici, p. 296 says that he occupied the post of camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church until June 8, 1528; Panvinio, Romani pontifices, et cardinales S.R.E. ab eisdem à Leone IX. ad Paulum papam IIII, p. 372, says that he died in September 1527; his second biography in Italian, linked above, says that he died in 1527.
(4) This is the text of his epitaph transcribed by Andrea Vittorini in his addition to Chacón, Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm, II, col. 1420: FRANCISCO. ARMELLINO. PERVSINO. TITVLVS. S. MARCI. POST. S. CALIXTI. PRESBYTERO. CARDIN. S. R. E. CAMERARIO. MARCHIÆ. LEGATO. VIRO. INDEFESSO. ET. INGENII. SVPRA. HOMINEM. ACRIS. QVI. VIXIT. ANNOS. LVII. MENSES. III. DIES. XII. OBIIT. MENSE. OCTOBRIS. MDXXVII. ARCVS. ANTONVS. ET. INNOCENTIVS. AFFINES. POSVERVNT. This text of the epitaph markedly differs from the one that appears in the photograph of his tomb linked above.

(26) 18. DEDEL, Adriaan Florenszoon (1459-1523)

Papacy. Elected pope on January 9, 1522. Took the name Adrian VI, retaining his baptismal name (2). He arrived at Civitavecchia on August 25, 1522. Crowned, August 31, 1522, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Marco Cornaro, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. He created one cardinal in one consistory. Last pope not born in what today is Italy until the election of Cardinal Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II) from Poland, on October 16, 1978.

Death. September 14, 1523, Rome. Buried in the chapel of S. Andrea, between the tombs of Popes Pius II and Pius III, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica; on August 11, 1533 (3), his remains were transferred to the church of S. Maria dell'Anima, Rome, and buried in the monument built by Cardinal Willem van Enckenvoirt, work of Baldassarre Peruzzi and other Italian artists.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, IV, 36-38; Chacón, Alfonso. Vitæ, et res gestæ Pontificvm Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalivm ab initio nascentis Ecclesiæ vsque ad Vrbanvm VIII. Pont. Max. 2 volumes. Romae : Typis Vaticanis, 1630, II, col. 1418, 1447-1448; Del Re, Niccolò. "Adriano VI." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, 30-31; Eubel, Conradus and Gulik, Guglielmus van. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen III (1503-1592). Münich : Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1935; reprint, Padua : Il Messagero di S. Antonio, 1960, pp. 16, 63 and 186; Hocks, Else. Der letzte deutsche Papst, Adrian VI. 1522-1523. Freiburg im Breisgau : Herder, 1939; Hocks, Else ; Jurgens, W. A. Paus Adriaan VI : de Paus uit de Nederlanden. Brugge : De Kinkhoren ; Amsterdam : Strengholt, 1944. (Historische bibliotheek); Hocks, Else. ; Gorkom, L. J. C. van. Paus Adriaan VI (zesde) : een utrechtsche timmermanszoon op den heiligen stoel van St. Petrus. Amsterdam : Strengholt, 1930; Kelly, John Norman Davidson, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 258-259; Ortiz, Blas. Itinerarium Adriani Sexti : Impreso en Toledo MDXLVI. Vitoria : Editorial S. Católica, 1950. (Publicaciones de la Obra Cultural de la Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de la Ciudad de Vitoria); Roey, Joseph Ernest van. Adrien VI, le primier Pape de la Contre-Réforme: sa personnalité, sa carrière, son oeuvre. Louvain : Publications Universitaires, 1959. (Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum Lovaniensium, 14); Rosa, Mario. "Adriano VI." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, pp. 64-70.

Links. Biography, in English; biography, in English (Britannica); his portrait, arms and biographical data, in English; biography, in Dutch; portrait and biography, in Dutch; arms and biography, in Dutch; pictures and biography, in Dutch; biography, in Italian; his episcopal lineage, in English; Hadrianus VI, de enige Nederlandse paus, maar dan gezien door de ogen van de protestant Burmannus (Hadrianus VI, the only Dutch pope, but then seen by the eyes of the Protestant Burmannus).his portrait by Jan van Scorel, Centraal Museum, Utrecht, Holland; his portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo, Collezione Gioviana, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy; his portrait by Bernaert van Orley, Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum, Hannover, Germany; his engraving by J. Wandelaar and J. Houbraken; his engraving by Gottfried Daniel Berger; four paintings and engravings; his effigy on several medals; coins with his arms; the house where he was born; his tomb, church of S. Maria dell'Anima, Rome.

(1) There are discrepancies among the sources concerning the name of Adrian and his father. The first biography in English, linked above says that his father's name was Florentius Dedel; the second biography in English, also linked above says that is was Adrian Florenszoon Boeyens; his first biography in Dutch, linked above, says that the pope's name was Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens; the second biography in Dutch calls him Adriaan Florenszoon Dedel van Utrecht; the third one casays that his name was Adriaan Florenszoon, frequently called Boeyensz because of his father's name; the fourth biography also calls him Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens; his biography in Italian calls him Adrian d'Edel; in part 1, fifth chapter of Ferdinand (Adolf) Gregorovius's Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter, he is called Adrian Dedel and his father Floriß Boyens Dedel; his last biography in Dutch indicates that Florenszoon (o Floriszoon) is effectively the patronymic of Adriaan and Boeyensz is the abbreviation of his father's patronymic, Boeyenszoon; finally, Hadrianus VI, de enige Nederlandse paus, also linked above, cites R. R. Post: "Adriaan Florenszoon, Familie, Opleiding" in: Dancwerc, Opstellen aangeboden aan D. Th. Enklaar, Groningen 1959, who indicates that there are doubts that their last name was Dedel and says that a family of that name could have been their friend.
(2) The only other pope in modern times to retain his baptismal name as his papal name was Marcellus II (1555).
(3) This is according to Hocks, Der letzte deutsche Papst, Adrian VI. 1522-1523, pp. 168-169; and Ludwig von Pastor, The history of the popes : from the close of the Middle Ages. Drawn from the secret archives of the Vatican and other original sources, (40 vols. St. Louis, Mo : Herder, 1923-1953), IX, 217; Del Re, "Adriano VI." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente, p. 31, says that the remains were transferred on August 12, 1533.

(27) 19. VIO, O.P., Tommaso (1469-1534)