CACCIA DOMINIONI, Camillo (1877-1946)

Birth. February 7, 1877, Milan, Italy.

Education. Major Seminary of Milan, Milan; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in canon law); Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 23, 1899, Milan, by Cardinal Andrea Ferrari, archbishop of Milan. Further studies, 1899-1902. Pastoral work in Rome, 1899-1921. Coadjutor-canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1903. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, September 24, 1914. Master of the Papal Chamber, June 16, 1921; reappointed, February 7, 1922. Protonotory apostolic, June 27, 1921. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, February 14, 1924.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 16, 1935; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria in Domnica, December 19, 1935. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Crowned Pope Pius XII, March 12, 1939.

Death. November 12, 1946, Rome. Buried in the crypt of the basilica of Ss. Ambrogio e Carlo, Rome.

CACCIAVILLAN, Agostino (1926-

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Angeli Custodi a Città Giardino, February 21, 2001. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Resigned the presidency, October 1, 2002. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, August 14, 2006. Confirmed by Pope Benedict XVI in the office of cardinal protodeacon in the consistory of March 1, 2008.

CAGGIANO, Antonio (1889-1979)

Birth. January 30, 1889, Coronda, diocese of Santa Fe, Argentina.

Education. Seminary of Santa Fe, Santa Fe.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 23, 1912, Santa Fe. Pastoral work in Santa Fe, 1912-1913. Faculty member of the Seminary of Santa Fe, 1913-1931. Pastoral work in the Argentinian Catholic Action, 1913-1931; national chaplain, 1931-1933. Vicar general of the Military Ordinary, 1933-1934.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Rosario, September 13, 1934. Consecrated, March 17, 1935, Rosario, by Filippo Cortesi, titular archbishop of Sirace, nuncio in Argentina, assisted by Nicolás Fasolino, archbishop of Santa Fe, and by Fortunado Devoto, titular bishop of Attea, auxiliary of Buenos Aires.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna, February 22, 1946. Papal legate to the National Marian Congress, Catamarca, Argentina, April 24, 1954. Papal legate to the Congress of Catholic Education, La Paz, Bolivia, September 8, 1948. Attended the First General Conference of Latin American Episcopate, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 25 to August 4, 1955. Persecuted by the Peronist regime, 1955. Papal legate to the Bolivarian Eucharistic Congress, Caracas, Venezuela, November 10, 1956. Promoted to the primatial metropolitan see of Buenos Aires, August 15, 1959. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Ordinary of the Armed Forces, December 14, 1959. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962 - 1965; member of the Board of Presidency, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Lost his right to participate in the conclave by being older than eighty years, January 1, 1971. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, April 22, 1975.

Death. October 23, 1979, Buenos Aires. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Buenos Aires.

CAGIANO DE AZEVEDO, Ottavio (1845-1927)

Birth. November 7 (1), 1845, Frosinone, diocese of Veroli, Italy. He had the title of count. Nephew of Cardinal Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo (1844).

Education. Seminary of Grottaferrata, Grottaferrata.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 1868. Pastoral work in Rome, 1868-1874. Canon of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, April 1, 1874. Abreviattore de parco maggiore, January 1, 1876. Protonotary apostolic ad instar participantium, April 9 (2), 1880. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, December 3 (3), 1886. Master of the Papal Chamber, December 31, 1891 (4). Papal Majordomo, May 29, 1901.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 11, 1905; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, December 14, 1905. Apostolic visitor of the Hospice of Catechumens, January 17, 1911. Pro-prefect of the S.C. for Religious, June 12, 1913; prefect, October 31, 1913. Protector of the Order of the Servants of Mary, March 10, 1914. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, December 6, 1915 until his death. Opted for the order of priests and the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, proper of the chancellor, December 6, 1915 until his death. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Decorated with the grand cross of the Order of Franz Joseph of Austria; the grand cross of the Order of Isabel of Spain; the grand cross of the Civil Order of Tuscany. Officer of Légion d'honor of France. Commander with plaque of the Order of the Red Eagle of Prussia. Grand officer of the Order of the Crown of Siam.

Death. July 11, 1927, Anzio, near Rome. Buried, tomb of the Order of the Servants of Mary, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1939, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1938, p. 77; Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 678; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 9, 23 and 25.

(1) This is according to "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1939, p. 77; and Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 9; Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 678, says that he was born on November 1, 1845.
(2) This is according to Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 9; Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 678, says that he was named on April 16, 1880.
(3) This is according to Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 9; Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 678, says that he was named on December 1, 1886.
(4) This is according to Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 9; Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 678, says that he was named on January 1, 1892.

CAGLIERO, S.D.B., Giovanni (1838-1926)

Birth. January 11, 1838, Castelnuovo d'Asti, archdiocese of Turin, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Castelnuovo d'Asti; University of Turin. Joined the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco), Turin, 1851. Received clerical habit from St. John Bosco and was his favorite pupil. Classmate of St. Domenico Savio and St. Michele Rua.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 14, 1862, Turin. Faculty member of Salesian House of Studies, Turin, 1862-1875. Led first ten Salesians to America and established five houses in Uruguay and Argentina, 1875-1877. Spiritual director of his society and first General Director of Daughters of Mary Auxiliary, Turin, 1877-1884. Pro-apostolic vicar of new vicariate of Northern Patagonia, Argentina, November 20, 1883.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Magido, October 30, 1884. Consecrated, December 7, 1884, Turin, by Cardinal Gaetano Alimonda. Promoted to titular archbishop of Sebaste, March 24, 1904. Apostolic visitor to Italian dioceses of Bobbio, Piacenza, Savona, and Tortona, 1904. Apostolic delegate and legate extraordinary to Costa Rica, June 10, 1908. Apostolic delegate and legate extraordinary to Nicaragua, October 26, 1908.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 6, 1915; received the red hat and the title of S. Bernardo alle Terme, December 9, 1915. First Salesian cardinal. Opted for order of cardinal bishops and suburbicarian see of Frascati, December 16, 1920. Participated in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. Papal legate to the Eucharistic Congress of Frascati, August 5, 1923.

Death. February 28, 1926, Rome. Buried in the sepulchre of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith, Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome. In 1964 his remains were transferred to Mater Misericordiae Cathedral, Viedma, Argentina.

Bibliography. Entraigas, Raul A. El Apóstol de la Patagonia. Rosario, Argentina: Apis, 1956.

Link. Biography, in Italian; another biography, in Italian; biography, in German; and brief biographical data, in Italian.

CALLEGARI, Giuseppe (1841-1906)

Birth. November 4, 1841, Venice, Italy. Received the sacrament of confirmation, November 23, 1851.

Education. Patriarchal Seminary, Venice. Received the insignias of the clerical character, December 18, 1858; minor orders, March 3, 1860 and March 16, 1861; subdiaconate, December 20, 1862; diaconate, December 19, 1863.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 26, 1864, Venice. At the Patriarchal Seminary of Venice, professor of its gymnasii; and professor of moral theology, 1865-1873. Pastoral work in Venice, 1865-1880. Counselor of the ecclesiastical tribunal, 1878; prosynodal examiner. Contributing writer to Il Veneto Cattolico. He was a very close friend of Giuseppe Sarto, future Pope Pius X.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Treviso, with dispensation for not having the degree, February 28, 1880. Granted permission to receive the episcopal consecration in Venice from its patriarch, March 11, 1880. Consecrated, March, 1880, cathedral basilica of S. Marco, Venice, by Domenico Agostini, patriarch of Venice, assisted by Giovanni Berengo, bishop of Mantua, and by Giuseppe Apollonio, bishop of Adria. Assistant to Pontifical Throne, August 24, 1882. Transferred to see of Padua, retaining the administration of Treviso until the appointment of a successor, September 25, 1882. In 1892 declined the patriarchal see of Venice and recommended Giuseppe Sarto, bishop of Mantua, for that see. President of Società Scientifica dei Cattolici Italiani.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 9, 1903; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Cosmedin, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, November 12, 1903.

Death. April 14, 1906, Padua. Buried, Shrine d'Arcella, Padua.

Bibliography. Toniolo, Giuseppe. "Il Cardinal Giuseppe Callegari e gli studi in Italia." Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali, XLl (1906), 3-12.

CALLORI DI VIGNALE, Federico (1890-1971)

Birth. December 15, 1890, Vignale Monferrato, diocese of Casale Monferrato, Italy, from a noble family.

Education. Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 16, 1917, Rome. Pastoral ministry in Rome, 1917-1958. Privy chamberlain participant, July 6, 1919; reappointed, February 7, 1922, and March 3, 1939. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, June 3, 1935. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 28, 1935. Protonotary apostolic, June 6, 1935. Pro-master of the Papal Chamber, December 20, 1950. Knight grand cross of the Order of Merit of the Itlian Republic, January 12, 1953. Majordomo of the Sacred Apostolic Palace, October 29, 1958.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Maiuca, February 15, 1965. Consecrated, February 21, 1965, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Eugène Tisserant, bishop of Ostia and Porto e Santa Rufina, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, assisted by Diego Venini, titular archbishop of Adana, privy almoner of His Holiness, and and Pericle Felici, titular archbishop of Samosata, secretary General of the Second Vatican Council

Cardinal. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 22, 1965; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Bosco, February 25, 1965. Lost the right to participate in the conclave by being older than eighty years, January 1, 1971.

Death. August 10, 1971, Vatican City. Buried in the chapel-tomb of his family in Vignale Monferrato.

CÂMARA, Jaime de Barros (1894-1971)

Birth. July 3, 1894, São José, archdiocese of Florianópolis, Brazil.

Education. Seminary of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul.

Priesthood. Ordained, January 1, 1920, Florianópolis, by Joaquim Domingues de Oliveira, archbishop of Florianópolis. Pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Florianópolis, 1920-1935. Rector of the Seminary Azambuja-Brusque, Florianópolis, 1935-1936. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, April 18, 1935.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Mossoro, December 19, 193S; Consecrated, February 2, 1936, Florianópolis, by Joaquim Domingues de Oliveira, archbishop of Florianópolis, assisted by Pio de Freitas Silveira, C.M., bishop of Joinville, and by Daniel Henrique Hostin, O.F.M., bishop of Lages. Promoted to metropolitan see of Belém do Pará, September 15, 1941. Transferred to the metropolitan see of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, July 3, 1943.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio, February 22, 1946. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Porto Alegre, October 3, 1948; to the Interamerican Congress of the Confederation of Catholic Education, Rio de Janeiro, July 4, 1951. Attended the First General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Rio de Janeiro, July 25 to August 4, 1955. President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Brazil, 1958-1963. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Curitiba, March 5, 1960. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI.

Death. February 18, 1971, Aparecida. Buried in the new metropolitan cathedral of Rio de Janeiro.

CAMASSEI, Filippo (1848-1921)

Birth. September 14, 1848, Rome, Italy.

Education. Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome (doctorates in theology and utroque iure, both canon and civil law).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 12, 1872. Pastoral work in Rome. Secretary to Cardinal Raffaele Monaco la Valetta, vicar general of Rome, 1876. Rector of the Pontifical Pius Seminary, 1874. Rector of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome, December 10, 1889. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, April 13 (1), 1897.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Naxos, Greece, March 18, 1904. Consecrated, April 10, 1904, chapel of he Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome, by Cardinal Girolamo Gotti, O.C.D., prefect of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, assisted by Pietro Gasparri, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Edmund Stonor, titular archbishop of Trebizonda. Promoted to the Latin patriarchate of Jerusalem, December 6, 1906. Expelled to Nazareth by the Turks, November 19 (2), 1917; there he was hosted by the Franciscan friars; continued to supervise the parishes in north Palestine from Nazareth and appointed Monsignor François Vilinger as his vicar in order to supervise the rest of the parishes in Palestine and Jordan. After the Anglo-French victory, on November 3, 1918, returned to Jerusalem. Shortly after, in May 1919, he went to Rome to rest and visit the Vatican.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1919; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Aracoeli, December 18, 1919.

Death. January 18, 1921, suddenly while he was at the table, Rome. Buried, in the sepulchre of "Collegio de S.C. Propaganda Fide", Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. Daniel, Charles; Paul-Marie Baumgarten; Antoine de Waal. Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église. Paris : Plon, 1900, p. 688; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 18, 23, 197 and 267.

Link. Photograph and biography, in English and Arabic; photograph and biographical data, in French.

(1) This is according to Pięta, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 267; and Daniel, Rome; le chef suprême l'organisation et l'administration centrale de l'église, p. 688; his biographical data in French, linked above, indicates that he was named on December 13, 1897.
(2) This is according to his biographical data in French, linked above; his biographical data in English and Arabic, also linked above, indicates that he was expelled on November 10, 1917.

CANALI, Nicola (1874-1961)

Birth. June 6, 1874, Rieti, Italy. Son of Marquis Filippo Canali and Countess Leonetta Vincentini.

Education. Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 31, 1900, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome. Member of the staff of secretariat of State, and secretary to Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val, secretary of State, September 1, 1903. Privy chamberlain, November S. 1903. Substitute at the secretariat of State and secretary of Ciphering, March 21, 1908. Domestic prelate, March 23, 1908. Secretary of the S.C. Ceremonial, September 24, 1914. Assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, June 27, 1926. Protonotary apostolic, September 15, 1926.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 16, 1935; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, December 19, 1935. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City, March 20, 1939. Cardinal protector of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, July 16, 1940 (by apostolic brief Cum ordine equester); on December 25, 1949, Pope Pius XII named him grand master of the order; occupied the post until his death. Grand penitentiary, October 15, 1941. Cardinal protodeacon in November 1946. Grand prior commendatario in Rome of the Sacred and Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. As cardinal protodeacon, he crowned Pope John XXIII on November 4, 1958.

Death. August 3, 1961, Vatican City. Buried in the church of S. Onofrio al Gianicolo, Rome. He was the last cardinal who was never a bishop, before Pope John XXIII issued the motu proprio Cum gravissima on April 15, 1962 providing that all cardinals should receive the episcopal consecration.

CANESTRI, Giovanni (1918-

Birth. September 30, 1918, Castelspina, diocese of Alessandria, Italy.

Education. Minor Seminary, Alessandria, 1929 (secondary studies); Pontifical Major Roman Seminary, Rome; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (licenciate in theology; doctorate in canon law); Rome State University, Rome (doctorate in law).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 12, 1941, Rome, by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome; in the same ceremony was ordained Salvatore Pappalardo, future cardinal. Pastoral work in the parishes of S. Ttavio and Casal Bertone, and further studies, Rome, 1941-1959. Professor of religion in several Roman superior institutes. Spiritual director of the Pontifical Roman Major Seminary, 1959-1961; apostolic examiner of clergy.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tenedo and appointed auxiliary of the cardinal vicar of Rome, July 8, 1961. Consecrated, July 30, 1961, Rome, by Cardinal Luigi Traglia, pro-vicar general of His Holiness for the diocese of Rome, assisted by Ettore Cunial, titular archbishop of Soteropoli, vice-gerent of Rome, and by Peter Canisius van Lierde, O.S.A. titular bishop of Porfireone, papal sacristan and vicar general of His Holiness for Vatican City. Transferred to the see of Tortona, January 7, 1971. Transferred to the titular see of Monterano, with personal title of archbishop, and appointed vicegerent of Rome, February 8, 1975. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Cagliari, March 22, 1984. Transferred to metropolitan see of Genoa, July 6, 1987.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 28, 1988; received the red biretta and the title of S. Andrea della Valle, June 28, 1988. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, April 20, 1995. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, September 30, 1998.

Bibliography. Alberti, O. "Mons. Giovanni Canestri" in La Pontificia Università Lateranense; profilo della sua storia, dei suoi maestri e dei suis discepoli, Rome : Libreria editrice della Pontificia Università lateranense, 1963, p. 510; Del Re, Niccolò. Il vicegerente del vicariato di Roma. Rome : Istituto di Studi Romani Editore, 1976, p. 79.

CAPOTOSTI, Luigi (1863-1938)

Birth. February 23, 1863, Montegiberto, archdiocese of Fermo, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Fermo, Fermo.

Priesthood. Ordained, 1885. Successively, 1885-1906, secretary to the archbishop of Fermo; faculty member of the Seminary of Fermo; official of the archdiocesan curia; canon of the metropolitan cathedral chapter.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Modigliana, Italy, April 8, 1906. Consecrated, May 31, 1906, Fermo, by Carlo Castelli, O.S.C., archbishop of Fermo. Secretary of the S.C. for the Discipline of Sacraments, June 8, 1914. Promoted to titular archbishop of Terme, January 22, 1915.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 21, 1926; received the red hat and the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, June 24, 1926. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Loreto, Italy, August 30, 1930. Pro-datary, July 29, 1931; datary, September 23, 1933 until his death. Papal legate to the Regional Eucharistic Congress, Piacenza, Italy, July 30, 1933. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, April 1, 1935 until June 15, 1936.

Death. February 16, 1938, Rome. Buried in the crypt of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

CAPRIO, Giuseppe (1914-2005)

Birth. November 15, 1914, Lapio, archdiocese of Benevento, Italy. Baptized in the parish church of S. Catarina d'Alessandria, Lapio. He had an uncle, also named Giuseppe Caprio, who was a priest and for several years pro-secretary of the economy of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide.

Education. Archiepiscopal Seminary of Benevento, Benevento; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (licentiate in theology and doctorate in canon law); Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 17, 1938, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome. Further studies, 1939-1940, Rome. Assigned to the Secretariat of State, 1940-1947. Secretary of the nunciature in China, 1947-1951; expelled from China by the Communist regime after three months of house arrest in Nanchang. Auditor of the nunciature in Belgium, 1951-1954. Visitor and regent of the apostolic delegation in South Vietnam, 1954-1959. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, November 21, 1955. Internuncio in China (Formosa), May 20, 1959.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Apollonia, October 14, 1961. Consecrated, December 14, 1961, basilica of Madonna delle Grazie, Benevento, by Cardinal Gregoire-Pierre Agagianian, prefect of the S.C. for the Propagation of the Faith, assisted by Pietro Parente, titular archbishop of Tolemaide di Tebaide, assessor of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, and by Raffaele Calabria, titular archbishop of Elipoli di Fenicia, coadjutor of Benevento. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Pro-nuncio in India, August 22, 1967. Head of the Vatican delegation to the Second U.N.O. Conference for Commerce and Development, New Delhi, India, 1968. Secretary of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, April 19, 1969. Substitute of the Secretariat of State, June 14, 1977. Pro-president of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, April 28, 1979.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon June 30, 1979; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana, June 30, 1979. President of the Administration of Patrimony of Apostolic See, July 1, 1979. Attended the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, January 30, 1981. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 28 to October 29, 1983; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Cardinal protodeacon, June 22, 1987. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, November 15, 1988. Special papal envoy to the funeral of Prince Franz Josef II of Liechtenstein, November 1989. Resigned the presidency, January 22, 1990. Special papal envoy to the accession to the throne of Emperor Akihito, Tokyo, Japan, November 12, 1990. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Maria della Vittoria, November 26, 1990. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, November 15, 1994. Resigned the grand mastership, December 1995.

Death. October 15, 2005, in the afternoon, Rome. The funeral, presided by the pope, who delivered the homily, took place on Tuesday, October 18, 2005, at 11 a.m., in the altar of the chair of Saint Peter the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Fifty cardinals and many bishops, present in Rome for the assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, participated in the ceremony, which was also attended by members of the diplomatic corps accredited before the Holy See, and family members of the late cardinal. Another funeral for Cardinal Caprio took place on October 19, 2005, in the parish church of S. Catarina d'Alessandria, Lapio, where he had been baptized; it was presided by Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe, prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and concelebrated by Serafino Sprovieri, archbishop of Benevento, and all the bishops of the Irpina region. The remains of the cardinal were buried, according to his will, in that parish church.

CARBERRY, John Joseph (1904-1998)

Birth. July 31, 1904, Brooklyn, N.Y., United States. Son of James Joseph Carberry and Mary Elizabeth O'Keefe.

Education. Cathedral College, Brooklyn; Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception, Rome; The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. (doctorate in canon law).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 28, 1929, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, vicar general of Rome. Pastoral work in the diocese of Brooklyn, 1930-1931; 1935; 1940-1941; 1945-1956. Further studies, 1931-1934. Faculty member of the Immaculate Conception Seminary, Huntington, N.Y., 1935; 1941-1945. Secretary to the bishop of Trenton, N.J., and assistant chancellor of that diocese, 1935-1940. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, February 3, 1948. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 7, 1954.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Elide and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Lafayette in Indiana, May 3, 1956. Consecrated, July 25, 1956, Our Lady of Perpetual Help church, Brooklyn, by Raymond Augustine Kearny, titular bishop of Lisinia, auxiliary of Brooklyn, assisted by George William Ahr, bishop of Trenton, and by John Benjamin Grellinger, titular bishop of Siene, auxiliary of Green Bay. Succeeded to the see of Lafayette in Indiana, November 20, 1957. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Transferred to the see of Columbus, Ohio, January 16, 1965. President of the Canon Law Society of America, May 1965. Promoted to the metropolitan see of St. Louis, February 17, 1968.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the title of S. Giovanni Battista de Rossi a via Latina, April 30, 1969. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in the conclave of August 25-26, 1978. Participated in the conclave of October 14-16, 1978. Resigned the pastoral government of archdiocese, July 31, 1979. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, July 31, 1984.

Death. June 17, 1998, Kirkwood, Missouri. Buried, crypt, metropolitan cathedral basilica of St. Louis.

Bibliography. Bransom, Charles N. Ordinations of U. S. Catholic bishops 1970-1989. A chronological list. Washington, D.C. : National Conference of Catholic Bishops ; United States Catholic Conference, 1990, p. 127; Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, p. 35.

Link. Photograph and brief biographical data, in English, third from the bottom.

CARDIJN, Joseph-Léon (1882-1967)

Birth. November 18, 1882, Schaerbeek-Brussels, Belgium. Eldest son of Henri Cardijn and Louise van Daelen.

Education. Seminary of Mechelen, Mechelen; University of Louvain, Louvain.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 22, 1906, Mechelen. Faculty member of the Seminary of Basse-Wabre, 1906-1912. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Mechelen, 1912-1915. Imprisoned during the First World War, 1915-1917. Pastoral work with the workers in Mechelen, 1917-1925. Founder of the Young Christian Workers, 1925; General chaplain, 1927-1965. Imprisoned during W.W. II, 1941. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, April 30, 1950. Protonotary apostolic, September 25, 1962.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Tusuro, February 15, 1965. Consecrated, February 21, 1965, chapel of the Urbanian College de Propaganda Fide, Rome, by Cardinal Leo-Joseph Suenens, archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels, assisted by Charles-Marie Himmer, bishop of Tournai, and by Emiel-Jozef De Smedt, bishop of Brugge.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 22, 1965; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata, February 25, 1965.

Death. July 25, 1967, Louvain. Buried, parish church of Notre-Dame of Laeken, Brussels.

Bibliography. De la Bedoyere, Michael. The Cardijn story. Milwaukee : Bruce Publishing Co., 1958; Verhoeven, Joseph. Joseph Cardijn, prophète de notre temps. Préface de Léon-Joseph Cardinal Suenens. Bruxelles : Éditions "Labor", 1971. (Ceux dhier et daujourdhui, 8).

CARLES GORDÓ, Ricardo María (1926-

Birth. September 24, 1926, Valencia, archdiocese of Valencia, Spain.

Education. Major Seminary, Valencia; Colegio Corpus Christi, Valencia; Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca (licenciate in canon law).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 29, 1951, Valencia. Further studies, 1951-1953. Successively, 1953-1969, pastoral work in the archdiocese of Valencia; counselor of the Catholic Youth Workers; director of the deacons convictory; episcopal delegate for the clergy; and diocesan counselor of the pastoral for the family.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Tortosa, June 6, 1969. Consecrated, August 3, 1969, cathedral of Tortosa, by Luigi Dadaglio, titular archbishop of Lero, nuncio in Spain, assisted by Manuel Moll y Salord, titular bishop of Urbs Salvia, former bishop of Tortosa, and by Rafael González Moralejo, titular bishop of Dardano, auxiliary of Valencia. Promoted to the archiepiscopal see of Barcelona, March 23, 1990. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 26, 1994; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Consolatrice al Tiburtino, November 26, 1994. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, November 6, 1995. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, June 15, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, September 24, 2006.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 131.

CARO RODRÍGUEZ, José María (1866-1958)

Birth. June 23, 1866, Cahuil, diocese of Roncagua, Chile. Fourth of the nine children of José María Caro Martínez and Rita Rodríguez Cornejo.

Education. Initial studies in the local school; Seminary of Santiago, Santiago de Chile, 1881-1886 (humanities); Pontifical Collegio Pio-Latinoamericano, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1887-1891 (theology; among his professors was Fr. Louis Billot, S.J., future cardinal).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 20, 1890, Rome. Returned to Chile on October 2, 1891. From 1892 to 1899, professor of preparatory studies and philosophy at the Seminary of Santiago; pastoral ministry in several chaplaincies, hospitals and parishes; pastor of Mamiña, March to December 1899; professor of theology at the Seminary of Santiago, 1900-1911; always had a very delicate health. Named apostolic vicar of Tarapac on May 6, 1911.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Milasa, January 5, 1912, Consecrated, April 28, 1912, metropolitan cathedral of Santiago, by Enrico Sibilia, titular archbishop of Side, internuncio in Chile, assisted by Luis Izquierdo Vargas, bishop of Concepción, and by Miguel Claro Vázquez, titular bishop of Legia. Transferred to the see of La Serena, December 14, 1925. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, November 6, 1937. Promoted to archbishop when La Serena was elevated to the rank of metropolitan see, May 20, 1939. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Santiago, August 28, 1939.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 18, 1946; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Scala, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, May 18, 1946. Papal legate to the Chilean Plenary Council, Santiago, September 8, 1946; to the 10th National Eucharistic Congress, Valparaíso, Chile, September 26, 1951. Attended the First General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 25 to August 4, 1955. Papal legate to the 6th Interamerican Congress of Catholic Education, Santiago de Chile, Chile, August 30, 1956. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. He was the first Chilean cardinal.

Death. December 4, 1958, Santiago de Chile. Buried in the crypt of the archbishops in the metropolitan cathedral of Santiago de Chile. His remains were transferred to a funeral chapel at the back of the cathedral's central nave on March 19, 1968.

Bibliography. Caro Rodríguez, José María. Autobiografía del eminentísimo y reverendísimo señor cardenal D. José María Caro Rodríguez, primer cardenal chileno. Apuntes y recuerdos por Joaquín Fuenzalida Morandé. Documentos importantes. Santiago: Arzobispado de Santiago, 1968; Vanherk Moris, Juan. Monseñor José María Caro, apóstol de Tarapac. Santiago de Chile : Editorial del Pacífico, 1963 . Salinas Fuenzalida, Augusto. Un pastor santo, el emintentísimo señor cardenal don José María Caro Rodríguez, 1866-1958. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Andrés Bello, 1981.

CARPINO, Francesco (1905-1993)

Birth. May 18, 1905, Palazzolo Acreide, archdiocese of Siracusa, Sicily, Italy. Third of the five children of Salvatore Carpino, owner of a small rural estate, and Maria Odigitria (Itria) Cascino. He was baptized on May 24, 1905 by Canon Giuseppe Gallo in the mother church of Palazzolo.

Education. Seminary of Noto, Noto, Sicily, September 14, 1914 to June 1919 (obtained the license ginnazaiale); Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome, September 1919 to 1926 (doctorates philosophy and theology, and licentiate in canon law, 1926); returned to his diocese in 1926 and became professor in the seminary until reaching the canonical age for the priestly ordination; received the diaconate on June 29, 1927; Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 14, 1927, mother church of Palazzolo Acreide, by Giuseppe Vizzini, bishop of Noto. Pastoral ministry in the diocese of Noto and faculty member of its seminary, 1927-1929. Professor of sacramental theology at the Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome, 1929-1951; resided in the Pontifical Roman Seminary. Pastoral ministry in Rome and collaboration with several congregations of the Roman Curia as well as with the Roman vicariate, 1929-1951. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, April 27, 1939.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Nicomedia and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Monreale, February 11, 1951. Consecrated, April 8, 1951, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Adeodato Giovanni Piazza, O.C.D., bishop of Sabina e Poggio Mirteto, secretary of S.C. Consistorial, assisted by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome, and by Angelo Calabretta, bishop of Noto. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Monreale, August 23, 1951. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, November 15, 1960. Named titular archbishop of Sardica and appointed assessor of the S.C. Consistorial, January 19, 1961. Secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals, October 25, 1961. President of the Supreme Council of Immigration, 1961-1967. President of the General Secretariat International of Apostolatus Maris, 1961-1967. Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, 1961-1967. Counselor of the Pontifical Preparatory Commission of the Second Vatican Council, 1961-1964. Secretary of the Cardinalitial Commission for the Shrine of Pompeii, 1961-1965; for the Shrines of Pompeii and Loreto, 1966-1967. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Secretary of the conclave of 1963. Pro-prefect of the S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments, April 7, 1967.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 26, 1967; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Ausiliatrice in via Tuscolana, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, June 29, 1967. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Palermo, June 26, 1967. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. Resigned the government of the archdiocese, October 17, 1970; he explained that an archdiocese with many and difficult pastoral problems needed a young archbishop with fresh energies to prepare a vast program for a long term. Appointed referendary for relations in the S.C. for Bishops, October 19, 1970. Named cardinal bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Albano, January 27, 1978. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, May 18, 1985.

Death. October 5, 1993, at dawn, in Rome; received the last rites from Alois Wagner, titular bishop of Siccenna, vice-president of the Pontificial Council Cor Unum and was assisted by his sister Concettina Carpino. The funeral mass, presided by Pope John Paul II, concelebrated by thirty cardinals and numerous archbishops and bishops, took place in the patriarchal Vatican basilica at 5:30 p.m. on October 7, 1993. The body of the late cardinal was flown to Monreale on October 8th and transferred to Palermo, where another funeral took place in that cathedral concelebrated celebrated by Salvatore Cassisa, archbishop of Monreale, Cardinal Salvatore Pappalardo, archbishop of Palermo, and almost all the bishops of Sicily. After the funeral in Palermo, the body was taken to Palazzolo Acreide and a requiem mass was celebrated in the church of S. Paolo by Giuseppe Costanzo, archbishop of Siracusa, before the burial in the tomb of his family; later, it was transferred to the cemetery chapel of Palazzolo Acreide. On September 14, 1998, the remains were transferred to the metropolitan cathedral of Palermo.

Bibliography. Amata, Biagio. Card. Francesco Carpino : testimonianze e studi. Roma : Libreria editrice vaticana, 1994; Calleri Russo, Anna. Il Cardinale Francesco Carpino: un figlio di Palazzolo al servizio della chiesa cattolica. Catania: Greco, 1997.

CARTER, Gerald Emmett (1912-2003)

Birth. March 11, 1912, Montréal, Canada. He was the youngest of eight children of an Irish Catholic family of modest means. His father, a strong union man, was a typesetter for the newspaper Montreal Star. His brother Alexander was bishop of Sault-Sainte-Marie, and two sisters became nuns.

Education. St. Patrick's Boy School (primary studies); Collège de Montréal, Montréal (classics); Grand Seminary, Montréal (theology); University of Montréal, Montréal (licentiate in theology, 1936; master's of arts, 1940; doctorate, 1947).

Priesthood. Ordained, May 22, 1937, Montréal, by Alphonse-Emmanuel Deschamps, titular bishop of Tenneso, auxiliary of of Montréal. Pastoral ministry in the archdiocese of Montréal; ecclesiastical inspector of the English Catholic schools of Montréal and responsible of the Catholic School Committee 1937-1939. First director of the English section of École Normale Jacques-Cartier, 1939. Chaplain of the Catholic students at McGill University,1942-1956. Adjunct director of the English section of Catholic Action, 1943; director, 1944. President of the Thomas More Institute for Adult Education, 1946-1961. Member of the Commission of the Catholic Schools of Montréal, 1948-1961. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Montréal, January 30, 1953. President of the St. Joseph's Teachers College, from June 5, 1955. Member of the Board of Catholic Schools. Founder of St. Thomas More and Newman Clubs throughout Canada. Director of St. Lawrence College, Sainte-Foy, 1961.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Altiburo and appointed auxiliary of London, Canada, December 1, 1961. Consecrated, February 2, 1962, Montréal, by Cardinal Paul-Émile Léger, P.S.S., archbishop of Montréal, assisted by John Christopher Cody, bishop of London, and by Alexander Carter, bishop of Sault-Sainte-Marie, his brother. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Transferred to the see of London, Canada, February 17, 1964. Vice-president of the Episcopal Conference of the Region of Ontario, 1971-1973. Vice-president of the Episcopal Conference of Canada, 1973-1975. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. President of the Episcopal Conference of Canada, 1975-1977. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977; elected member of its council. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Toronto, April 27, 1978.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 30, 1979; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria in Traspontina, June 30, 1979. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinal, November 5 to 9, 1979. Attended the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; member of its general secretariat, 1980-1983. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, May 31, 1981. He suffered a cardiac crisis in 1981. Companion of the Order of Canada, 1983. He broke a hip in 1988. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, March 17, 1990. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, March 11, 1992.

Death. April 6, 2003, Toronto. Buried, Bishops' Mausoleum, Holy Cross Cemetery, Toronto.

Bibliography. Higgins, Michael W. and Douglas R. Letson. My Father's Business: A biography of His Eminence G. Emmett Cardinal Carter.Toronto : Macmillan of Canada, 1990; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des évêques catholiques du Canada. Les diocèses catholiques canadiens des Églises latines et orientales et leurs évêques; repères chronologiques et biographiques, 1658-2002. Ottawa : Wilson and Lafleur, 2002, pp. 354-355.

Link. Photograph and biography, in English.

CASANOVA Y MARZOL, Vicente (1854-1930)

Birth. April 16, 1854, Borja, diocese of Tarazona, Spain.

Education. Seminary of Zaragoza, Zaragoza; Seminary of Madrid, Madrid; obtained a licentiate in theology in Valencia, 1882.

Priesthood. Ordained, 1881. Pastor in Maluenda and Alfaro, diocese of Tarazona. For many years, pastor of the parish of Nuestra Señora del Buen Consejo, Madrid.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Almería, December 19, 1907. Consecrated, March 25, 1908, cathedral of San Isidro, Madrid, by Antonio Vico, titular archbishop of Filippi, nuncio in Spain, assisted by José María Salvador y Barrera, bishop of Madrid, and by Julián de Diego y Alcolea, bishop of Astorga. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Granada, March 7, 1925.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 30, 1925; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio e Protasio, December 17, 1925.

Death. October 23, 1930, Zaragoza, while he was attending the III National Catechetical Congress. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Granada.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 70.

CASARIEGO Y ACEVEDO, C.R.S., Mario (1909-1983)

Birth. February 13, 1909, Figueras de Castropol, diocese of Oviedo, Spain. Son of Mario Casariego and Ágata Acevedo.

Education. Joined the Clerics Regular of Somasca, 1924, El Salvador; professed, October 3, 1930, Somasca, Italy. Somascan houses of studies, Bergamo and Genoa; Somascan theological seminary, San Salvador.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 19, 1936, San Salvador. Pastoral work in La Ceiba Institute, San Salvador, 1936-1948; its rector, 1948-1954. Counselor of his order, 1954-1957; provincial of Central America, 1957-1958.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Pudenziana and appointed auxiliary of Guatemala, November 15, 1958. Consecrated, December 27, 1958, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Girolamo Bartolomeo Bortignon, O.F.M., Cap., bishop of Padua, and by Gioacchino Muccin, bishop of Feltre e Belluno. In the same ceremony were consecrated Cardinal Domenico Tardini, secretary of State; and future Cardinals Albino Luciani, bishop of Vittorio Veneto, future Pope John Paul I; Carlo Grano, titular archbishop of Tessalonica, nuncio in Italy; Giuseppe Ferretto, titular archbishop of Sardica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals; and Angelo Dell'Acqua, titular archbishop of Chalcedonia, substitute of the Secretariat of State. Promoted to the titular see of Perge and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Guatemala, September 22, 1963. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Guatemala, December 12, 1964. Kidnapped for several days by a terrorist group, March 1968. Assistant at Pontifical Throne, June 4, 1968.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria in Aquiro, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, April 30, 1969. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979. He was the first cardinal from Guatemala.

Death. June 15, 1983, Guatemala. Buried, metropolitan cathedral, Guatemala.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 120.

CASAROLI, Agostino (1914-1998)

Birth. November 24, 1914, Castel San Giovanni, diocese of Piacenza, Italy. Of a family of modest economic means.

Education. Collegio Alberoni, Piacenza; Episcopal Seminary of Bedonia, Piacenza; Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in canon law); Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Rome; Italian Society for International Organizations, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 27, 1937, Piacenza. Further studies, 1937-1939, Rome. Adjunct to the archives and minutante at the Secretariat of State, 1940. Pastoral work in the diocese of Rome, 1943-1998. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, January 4, 1945. Chaplain of Villa Agnese, 1950-1998. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, December 22, 1954. Assistant to Cardinal Adeodato Giovanni Piazza, O.C.D., secretary of the S.C. Consistorial at the First General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council, July 25 to August 4, 1955, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ecclesiastical counselor to the Roman Group of Christian Union of Enterpreneurs, 1957-. Papal envoy to deliver the red biretta to Cardinal José María Bueno Monreal, archbishop of Sevilla, Spain, December 1958. Faculty member of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome, 1958-1961. Undersecretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, February 24,1961. Chief of the Vatican delegation to the United Nations Organization Conference on diplomatic relations, Vienna, Austria, March 1961. Chief of the Vatican delegation to the United Nations Organization Conference on consular relations, Vienna, Austria, March 1963. Vatican representative at the exchange of instruments in ratification of the modus vivendi with Tunisia, concerning the situation of the Catholic Church, 1964. Signatory of the partial agreement between the Holy See and Hungary, Budapest, September 15, 1964. Negotiated with the Czech government the appointment of Frantisek Tomásek, titular bishop of Buto and auxiliary of Prague, as apostolic administrator sede plena of the archdiocese, February 1965. Signatory of the protocol between the Holy See and Yugoslavia, Belgrade, June 25, 1966. Secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, June 29, 1967.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Cartagine, July 4, 1967. Consecrated, July 16, 1967, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope Paul VI, assisted by Augusto Gianfranceschi, bishop of Cesena, and by Jacques-Paul Martin, titular bishop of Neapoli di Palaestina, prefect of the Papal Household. In the same ceremony was consecrated Ernesto Civardi, titular archbishop of Sardi, secretary of the S.C. Consistorial and secretary of the Sacred College of Cardinals, future cardinal. President of the Pontifical Commission for Russia. Delivered the official document of adhesion of the Vatican to the Treaty of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, Moscow, U.S.S.R., February 25, 1971. Vatican representative to the meeting of European foreign ministers, Helsinki, Finland, July 3 to 7, 1973. Special delegate of the Holy See to the Conference on European Security and Cooperation, Helsinki, Finland, July 30 to August 1, 1975. Delivered the papal message to the United Nations Organization Special Assembly on Disarmament, June 1978. Confirmed in his posts by Pope John Paul I, August 28, 1978; and by Pope John Paul II, October 1978. Pro-secretary of State and pro-prefect of the Council for Public Affairs of the Church, April 28 to July 1, 1979.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 30, 1979; received the red biretta and the title of Ss. XII Apostoli, June 30, 1979. Secretary of State, prefect of the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church and president of Pontifical Commission for State of Vatican City, July 1, 1979. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, November 5 to 9, 1979, Vatican City; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. President of the Administration of Patrimony of Apostolic See, January 30, 1981. Papal legate to the opening celebrations of 7th centennial of St. Francis' birth, Assisi, Italy, October 3 to 4, 1981; to the celebrations of 450th anniversary of the apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe, México City, México, December 12, 1981. Special papal envoy to the centennial celebration of the establishment of the Knights of Columbus, Hartford, United States, August 3 to 6, 1982. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Resigned the presidency of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City, April 8, 1984; charged with representing the pope before the civil government of the State of Vatican City. Papal legate to National Eucharistic Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 11 to 14, 1984. Named cardinal bishop of the title of suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, retaining in commendam his title, May 25, 1985; the name of the suburbicarian see was changed to Porto-Santa Rufina on September 30, 1986. Papal legate to the celebrations in honor of the 11th centennial of St. Metodius' death, Djakovo, Bosnia, Yugoslavia, July 4 to 5, 1985; and Velehrad, Czechoslovakia, July 7, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Papal legate to the coronation of the image of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary, Pompeii, Italy, May 8, 1987. Attended the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Resigned the secretariat of State and the prefecture of the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church, December 1, 1990. Vice-dean of College of Cardinals, June 5, 1993. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, November 24, 1994. After his retirement, he exercised his priestly ministry among young detainees in the jail of Casal del Marmo for minors, in Rome.

Death. June 9, 1998, Rome, of heart problems. Buried, below the main altar of the basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome.

Bibliography. Casaroli, Agostino. Il martirio della pazienza. Torino : Einaudi, 2000; Santini, Alceste. Agostino Casaroli, hombre de diálogo. Translated by Rafael Pérez. Madrid : PPC, 1993.

Link. Site of the "Associazione Centro Studi Cardinale Agostino Casaroli", in Italian.

CASORIA, Giuseppe (1908-2001)

Birth. October 1, 1908, Acerra, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Acerra, Acerra; Pontifical Theological Faculty of Southern Italy, Naples (doctorate in theology); Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in philosophy); Pontifical Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome (doctorate in utroque iuris).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1930. Pastoral work and further studies, 1930-1937. Work in different organs of the Roman Curia, 1937-1972: defender of the matrimonial bond, Sacred Roman Rota, 1939; defender of the matrimonial bond, ecclesiastical tribunal of the conciliar region of Campania, 1941; lawyer in the S.C. of Rites, for causes of the Saints, 1949; commissary for the matrimonial causes, Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, 1954; prelate referendary of the Supreme Tribunal of Apostolic Signature, March 8, 1956; voting prelate, 1962; judge of the appellate tribunal of the Vicariate of Rome, 1956; defender of the matrimonial bond and commissary for matrimonial causes in the S.C. for Oriental Church, 1956; consultor of the S.C. for Oriental Church, 1958; undersecretary of the S.C. for Discipline of Sacraments, 1959. Expert in the preparatory commission for the Discipline of Sacraments of the Second Vatican Council, 1960-1962. Qualifier in the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, 1964; expert and judge, 1966. Secretary of the S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments, 1969.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Vescovio, January 6, 1972. Consecrated, February 13, 1972, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope Paul VI, assisted by Cardinal Bernardus Johannes Alfrink, archbishop of Utrecht, and by Cardinal William Conway, archbishop of Armagh. In the same ceremony was consecrated Paul Augustin Mayer, O.S.B., titular archbishop of Satriano, pro-prefect of the SS. CC. for the Sacraments and for Divine Worship, future cardinal. Named secretary of the S.C. for the Causes of the Saints, February 2, 1973. Named pro-prefect of the S.C. for the Sacraments and Divine Worship, August 24, 1981.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 2, 1983; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Giuseppe in Via Trionfale, February 2, 1983. Prefect of the S.C. for the Sacraments and Divine Worship, February 3, 1983. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. Resigned prefecture, April 8, 1984. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, October 1, 1988. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, April 5, 1993.

Death. February 8, 2001, Rome. Buried, family tomb, cemetery of Acerra.

CASSIDY, Edward Idris (1924-

Birth. July 5, 1924, Sydney, Australia.

Education. Parramatta Lyceum, Sydney; St. Colomban's Seminary, Springwood; St. Patrick's College, Manly; Pontifical Lateran University, Rome (doctorate in canon law); Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome (diplomacy).

Priesthood. Ordained, July 23, 1949. Pastoral work in the diocese of Wagga Wagga, 1950-1952. Further studies in Rome, 1952-1955. Joined the Vatican diplomatic service, 1955. Secretary, internunciature in India, 1955-1962. Privy chamberlain supernumerary of His Holiness, July 3, 1956; June 21, 1963. Auditor, nunciature in Ireland, 1962-1967. Counselor, nunciature in El Salvador, 1967-1969. Counselor, nunciature in Argentina, 1969-1970.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Amanzia and appointed pro-nuncio in the Republic of China, October 27, 1970. Consecrated, November 15, 1970, chapel of the Pontifical Urban Athenaeum of Propaganda Fide, Rome, by Cardinal Jean Villot, secretary of State, assisted by Giovanni Benelli, titular archbishop of Tusuro, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Matthew Beovich, archbishop of Adelaide, representing Sergio Pignedoli, titular archbishop of Iconio, secretary of S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples. Pro-nuncio in Bangladesh, January 31, 1973. Apostolic delegate in South Africa and pro-nuncio in Lesotho, March 25, 1979. Pro-nuncio in Holland, November 6, 1984. Substitute of the secretariat of State for General Affairs, March 23, 1988. President of the Pontifical Council for Promotion of Christian Unity, December 12, 1989. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 28, 1991; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata, June 28, 1991. Attended the Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; Special Assembly for Africa of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; Special Assembly for Lebanon of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 26 to December 14, 1995. Special papal envoy to the celebrations at the Marian Shrine of Zarvanycia, Ukraine, for the 4th centenary of Union of Brest and the 350th anniversary of the Union of Uzhorod, May 19, 1996. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; Special Assembly for Asia of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 29 to May 14, 1998; Special Assembly for Oceania of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 22 to December 12, 1998; one of its three presidents delegate. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Special papal envoy to the celebrations marking the millennium of Christianity in Iceland, Reykjavík, June 1 to 2, 2000. Resigned the presidency of the council, March 3, 2001. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, February 26, 2002. Special papal envoy to the ceremony for the reopening of the cathedral of St. Patrick, Parramatta, Australia, on November 29, 2003. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, July 5, 2004.

CASTALDO, Alfonso (1890-1966)

Birth. November 6, 1890, Casoria, archdiocese of Naples, Italy. Third of the five children of Aniello Casoria, a merchant, and Marianna Crispino; his father died when he was seven years old. He was baptized at home, by special permission of the Neapolitan curia, on November 10, 1890, at noon, by Canon Alfonso Castaldo, his paternal uncle.

Education. Initial studies at the elementary of school of Casoria; Seminary of Cerreto Sannita (licenza ginnasiale); Seminary of Pozzuoli, Pozzuoli; Seminary of Naples, Naples; University of Naples, Naples (letters and philosophy). Msgr. Francesco Morano and Fr. Luigi Maglione, future cardinals, were influential in his decision to enter the seminary.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 8, 1913, Naples, by Angelo Michele Jannacchino, bishop of Cerreto. Military chaplain in the Italian Army in World War I, 1915-1918. Provost of the church of S. Mauro Abbate, Casoria, 1918-1934.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Pozzuoli, March 27, 1934. Consecrated June 30, 1934, parish church of S. Marco, Casoria, by Cardinal Alessio Acalesi, archbishop of Naples, assisted by Salvatore del Bene, bishop of Cerreto Sannita (Telese), and by Salvatore Meo, titular bishop of Metone. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, July 16, 1949. Promoted to titular archbishop of Tessalonica and appointed coadjutor of Naples and administrator per vitam of Pozzuoli, January 14, 1950. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Naples, February 7, 1958. Named bishop ad personam of Pozzuoli, August 5, 1958.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1958; received the red hat and the title of S. Callisto, December 18, 1958. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI.

Death. Thursday March 3, 1966, at 10:50 a.m., Filomarino palace, archiepiscopal residence, Naples; the funeral, celebrated in the metropolitan cathedral of Naples, was attended by Cardinal Francesco Morano and thirty archbishops and bishops. Buried n the chapel of Succopro near the remains of S. Gennaro, martyr and patron saint of Naples, in the metropolitan cathedral of Naples (1).

Bibliography. Di Petta, Pasquale. Alfonso Castaldo : preposito, vescovo, cardinale. Con appendice di Gaetano Capasso. Naples ; Rome : LER, 1997; Germier, Giuseppe. Il cardinale Alfonso Castaldo, arcivescovo di Napoli. Presentazione di S.E. Mons. Antonio Cece. Napoli: Santuario Basilica Immacolata del Ven. Placido Baccher, 1977.

(1) This is the text of the inscription on his tomb taken from an unnumbered color plate in Di Petta, Alfonso Castaldo : preposito, vescovo, cardinale:

CASTILLO LARA, S.D.B., Rosalio José (1922-2007)

Birth. September 4, 1922, San Casimiro, diocese of Maracay, Venezuela. Son of Rosalio Castillo Hernández and Guillermina Lara Peña. Nephew of Lucas Guillermo Castillo, archbishop of Caracas.

Education. Joined the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco), Bogotá, Colombia; Salesian houses of study, Colombia; Salesian Athenaeum, Turin (doctorate in canon law); University of Bonn, Germany.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 4, 1949, Caracas, by his uncle. Director of studies, St. Joseph Institute, Los Teques, 1949-1950. Further studies, 1950-1953, Turin. President of the Venezuelan Association of Catholic Educators, 1953. Faculty member, Salesian Athenaeum, 1954-1957, Turin; 1957-1965, Rome. Further research, 1962, Bonn. Numerary member of the Institute of Research and Study in Medieval Law, Toronto. Provincial of the Salesian Society in Venezuela, January 1966-August 1967; regional assistant of congregation for Latin America, Southern Cone, 1967-1971; general counselor for pastoral care for youth, 1971-1973.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Precausa and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Trujillo, Venezuela, March 26, 1973. Consecrated, May 24, 1973, Caracas, by Cardinal José Humberto Quintero Parra, archbishop of Caracas, assisted by Francisco José Iturriza Guillén, S.D.B., bishop of Coro, and by José León Rojas Chaparro, bishop of Trujillo. Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974. Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law, February 12, 1975. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979. President of the Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia, October 5, 1981. Pro-president of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law, May 22, 1982. Promoted to archbishop, May 26, 1982. Pro-president of the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law, January 18, 1984.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Nostra Signora di Coromoto in S. Giovanni di Dio, May 25, 1985. President of the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law, May 27, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987. President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, December 6, 1989. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City, October 31, 1990. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991. Special papal envoy to the 4th National Marian Congress, Guanare, Venezuela, May 29 to 31, 1992. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Resigned the presidency of Administration, June 24, 1995. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, January 29, 1996. Special papal envoy to the closing ceremonies of the V centennial of St. John of God's birth, Granada, Spain, March 7 to 8, 1996. Resigned the presidency, October 14, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Returned to Venezuela in 1997 and lived in Güiripa, in San Casimiro, Aragua. Special papal envoy to the Third Colombian National Eucharistic Congress, Cali, October 16 to 18 1999. Special papal envoy to the II Regional Eucharistic Congress of the Antilles, May 18-21, 2000, Castries, St. Lucie. Special papal envoy to the National Eucharistic Congress of Argentina, Córdoba, September 8 to 10, 2000. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, September 4, 2002.

Death. October 16, 2007, at 7:40 a.m., in "Centro Médico de Caracas", Venezuela, where he had been hospitalized since September 19, 2007, due to an acute respiratory deficiency. The body of the cardinal was exposed in capilla ardiente in Templo Nacional de San Juan Bosco de Altamira, Caracas. The exequial mass was held on Thursday October 18, 2007, at noon, in Templo San Juan Bosco de Altamira. presided by the papal representative, Cardinal Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez, archbishop of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Later, the body of the late cardinal was taken to San Casimiro, State of Aragua, where a eucharistic was be celebrated at 4 p.m. After the mass, the body was taken to the city of Güiripa, State of Aragua, where, at 7 p.m., a mass was celebrated, and then, the capilla ardiente continued. On Friday October 19, 2007, at 11 a.m., in the Santuario de María Auxiliadora, Güiripa, an exequial mass was concelebrated by the Venezuelan episcopate as a final farewell; the the inhumation took place in that church.

CASTRILLÓN HOYOS, Darío (1929-

Birth. July 4, 1929, Medellín, Colombia.

Education. Seminary of Antioquia, Medellín; Seminary of Santa Rosa de Osos, Santa Rosa de Osos; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in canon law and specialization in religious sociology, political economics and ethical economics); Sociological Faculty, University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 26, 1952, basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, by Alfonso Carinci, titular archbishop of Seleucia di Isauria, secretary fo the S.C. of Rites. Further studies, Rome. Successively, in Colombia, 1954-1971, pastoral work in Segovia de Yarumal; director of Cursillos; director of the national pastoral program and of the Legion of Mary; official, diocesan curia of Santa Rosa de Osos; director of radiophonic schools; diocesan delegate of the Catholic Action (1959); ecclesiastical assistant of the Catholic Workers Youth; diocesan director of catechetics; inspector of the diocesan office of Popular Cultural Action (1962); secretary general of the Colombian episcopate.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Villa del re and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Pereira, June 2, 1971. Consecrated, July 18, 1971, by Angelo Palmas, titular archbishop of Vibiana, nuncio in Colombia, assisted by Aníbal Muñoz Duque, titular archbishop of Cariana, coadjutor of Bogotá, and by Baltasar Alvarez Restrepo, bishop of Pereira. Succeeded to the see of Pereira, July 1, 1976. Secretary general of the Latin American Episcopal Council, 1983-1987; its president, 1987-1991. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the IV General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 12 to 28, 1992. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Bucaramanga, December 16, 1992. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Pro-prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy, June 15, 1996. Resigned the pastoral government of archdiocese, June 15, 1996. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997; one of the three presidents-delegate.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano, February 21, 1998. Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy, February 23, 1998. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 29-May 14, 1998. Papal envoy to the signing of the Global and Definitive Agreement between Perú and Ecuador to settle their border dispute, Brasília, October 26, 1998. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 29 to May 14, 1998; the Special Assembly for Oceania of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 22 to December 12, 1998; the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Special papal envoy to the celebration of the 12th centennial of the construction of the duomo of Aachen, Germany, January 29 to 30, 2000. President of the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei", April 13, 2000. Special papal envoy to the closing celebrations of the Chilean National Eucharistic Congress and to the dedication of the new cathedral of the diocese of San Bernardo, Chile, November 25 and 26, 2000, respectively. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy and president of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, April 21, 2005. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Resigned the prefecture of the Congregation for the Clergy, October 31, 2006. Confirmed by Pope Benedict XVI as cardinal protodeacon on January 2, 2007; and again in the consistory of February 23, 2007; occupied the post until March 1, 2008. Participated in the 5th General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate that took place from May 13 to 31, 2007, in Aparecida, Brazil. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, March 1, 2008.

Bibliography. Miranda, Salvador. "Castrillón Hoyos, Darío." New Catholic encyclopedia : jubilee volume, the Wojtyla years. Detroit : Gale Group in association with the Catholic University of America, 2001, pp. 242-243.

CATTANI AMADORI, Federico (1856-1943)

Birth. April 17, 1856, Maradi, diocese of Modigliana, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Modigliana, Modigliana; Pontifical Roman Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 5, 1879, Modigliana. Faculty member of the Seminary of Modigliana and pastoral work in that diocese, 1879-1888; vicar general, 1888-1906. Further studies, 1906-1909. Apostolic visitor to Marsica, 1909. Auditor of His Holiness, February 9, 1909. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, June 14, 1904. Secretary of the cardinalitial commission deciding competence questions between Roman congregations, 1921. Secretary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, February 14, 1924. Apostolic protonotary, 1926.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 16, 1935; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Maria in Aquiro, December 19, 1935. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII.

Death. April 11, 1943, Rome. Buried, parish church, Maradi.

CAVALCANTI, Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque (1850-1930)

Birth. January 17, 1850, Cimbres, Pernambuco, diocese of Olinda, Brazil.

Education. Collegio Romano, Rome; Pontifical Collegio Pio-Latinomericano, Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorates in philosophy and theology); Saint-Sulpice Seminary, Paris; La Sorbonne University, Paris (natural sciences).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 4, 1874, Rome. Further studies, Paris, 1874-1876. From 1876 to 1878, rector of the Seminary of Olinda. Parish priest of Boa Vista and of São Frei Pedro Gonçalves, Recife, 1878; of Cimbres, 1879. Professor and rector of the Ginásio Pernambucano. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Olinda. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 27, 1884. Nominated coadjutor bishop of São Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, March 7, 1888 by the imperial regent princess; the nomination was withdrawn when he declined, April 18, 1888.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Goias, Brazil, June 26, 1891; consecrated, October 26, 1891, Rome, by Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro, secretary of State, assisted by António de Macedo Costa, archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia, and by Domenico Ferrata, titular archbishop of Tessalonica, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Resigned the government of diocese, October 27, 1891. Returned to Brazil and resided in Colégio de São Luiz, in Itu. Transferred to the titular see of Argos and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of São Paulo, August 26, 1892. Succeeded to the diocese of São Paulo, August 19, 1894. Assistant to the Pontifical Throne, November 12, 1896. Promoted to the metropolitan see of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, August 31, 1897. Attended the First Latin American Plenary Council, Vatican City, May 29-July 9, 1899.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 11, 1905; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio, December 14, 1905. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Did not participate in the conclave of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. He was the first Brazilian cardinal and the first cardinal from Latin America.

Death. April 18, 1930, Rio de Janeiro. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Rio de Janeiro.

Bibliography. Gardel, Luis Delgado. Les armoiries ecclésiastiques au Brésil, 1551-1962; armes des éminentissimes cardinaux, des archêveques et évêques résidentiels, titulaires, et in partibus infidelium, et des prélats et abbés nullius dioeceseos. Rio de Janeiro: Companhia Gráfica Lux, 1963; Nóbrega, Apolonio. "Dioceses e bispos do Brasil". Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, CCXXII (January-March 1954), 200-222.

CAVALLARI, Aristide (1849-1914)

Birth. February 8, 1849, Chioggia, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Chioggia, Chioggia (first three years of theology); his family moved to Venice; Patriarchal Seminary of Venice, Venice.

Priesthood. September 27, 1872, Venice, by Cardinal Giuseppe Luigi Trevisanato, patriarch of Venice. Pastoral work in Venice: S. Elisabetta di Lido, 1872-1880; cooperator in the parish of S. Caciano, 1880-1886; economous and later pastor in Treporti, 1886-188; archpriest of S. Pietro di Castello, 1888-1903. Honorary canon of the cathedral chapter of Venice; synodal examiner; official of patriarchal curia.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Filadelfia, with dispensation of degree and retaining the archpriesthood of S. Pietro di Castello, and appointed auxiliary of Venice, August 22, 1903. Consecrated, August 23, 1903, church of the Franciscan Missionaries, in via Giusti, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Satolli, bishop of Frascati, prefect of S.C. of Studies, assisted by Jeremy James Harty, archbishop of Manila, and by Paolo Maria Barone, titular archbishop of Melitene. Named vicar general of Venice, January 1904. Promoted to the patriarchal see of Venice, April 15, 1904.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 15, 1907; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Cosmedin, deaconry elevated pro illla vice to title, April 18, 1907. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV.

Death. November 24, 1914, Venice. Buried, S. Cristoforo chapel, cemetery of S. Michele, Venice. Transferred to the patriarchal cathedral of Venice, November 1957.

Bibliography. Niero, Antonio. I patriarchi di Venezia. Da Lorenzo Giustiniani ai nostri giorni. Venice : Studium Cattolico Veneziano, 1961. (Collana Storica, 3), pp. 205-207.

CÉ, Marco (1925-

Birth. July 8, 1925, Izano, diocese of Crema, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Crema, Crema; Lyceum A. Verri, Lodi; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 27, 1948, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Luigi Traglia, titular archbishop of Cesarea di Palestina, vice-gerent of Rome. Faculty member and vice-rector, Seminary of Crema, 1948-1957; rector, 1950-1970.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Vulturia and appointed auxiliary of Bologna, April 22, 1970. Consecrated, May 17, 1970, Crema, by Carlo Manziana, bishop of Crema, assisted by Franco Costa, titular archbishop of Emmaus, General Ecclesiastical Assistant of the Italian Catholic Action, and by Placido Cambiaghi, C.R.S.P., bishop of Novara. General Ecclesiastical Assistant of the Italian Catholic Action, May 21, 1976. Promoted to the patriarchal see of Venice, December 7, 1978.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 30, 1979; received the red biretta and the title of S. Marco, June 30, 1979. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, November 5 to 9, 1979, Vatican City. Attended the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; the VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 30, 1987; the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Special papal envoy to the celebrations of the XVI centennial of the death of Saint Vigil, bishop, patron of the archdiocese of Trent, Italy, that took place in that city on June 26, 2001. Resigned the pastoral government of patriarchate, January 5, 2002. Apostolic administrator of Venice, January 5 to March 3, 2002. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years old, July 8, 2005. Preached the spiritual exercises for Pope Benedict XVI and the Roman Curia, March 5 to 11, 2006, chapel Redemptoris Mater, Vatican City on the theme "Camminando con Gesù verso la Pasqua guidati dallEvangelista Marco".

CENTO, Fernando (1883-1973)

Birth. August 10, 1883, Pollenza, diocese of Macerata, Italy. His parents were Evaristo Cento and his second wife, Ermelinda Andreani. He had a half-sister, Rosa, and a brother, Vincenzo.

Education. Seminary of Macerata, Macerata, 1893-1905 (philosophy and theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (canon law); La Sapienza Royal University, Rome (obtained a doctorate in letters; dissertation: "Il pensiero educativo di Dante"). Received the tonsure and the first two minor orders on March 19, 1904, in the church Corpus Domini, Macerata, from Raniero Sarnari, bishop of Macerata; the other two minor orders on April 8, 1905, in the cathedral of Tolentino, from the same bishop; the subdiaconate on September 23, 1905, in the cathedral of Fermo; the diaconate on December 17, 1905 in the basilica of the Madonna della Misericordia.

Priesthood. Ordained, Saturday December 23, 1905, Macerata; he had to obtain a dispensation for not having yet reached the canonical age of 23 years required to be ordained a priest. Further studies in Rome. Professor of literature at the Seminary of Macerata; and of philosophy at the State Institute of Macerata, 1906-1916; demonstrated excellent qualities as a preacher in several Italian dioceses. Called to the military service during the First World War, was attached to the Service of Health at the military hospital of Ancona, 1915-1917. Founder and first director of the weekly Il Cittadino, diocesan paper. Secretary to the papal majordome, Giovanni Tacci, titular archbishop of of Nicea, 1917-1918. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, November 15, 1917. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Macerata and pastor of the cathedral, 1919-1922.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Acireale, July 22, 1922. Consecrated, September 3, 1922, cathedral of Macerata, by Cardinal Giovanni Tacci, secretary of the S.C. for the Oriental Church, assisted by Domenico Pasi, bishop of Macerata-Tolentino, and by Placido Ferniani, bishop of Ruvo e Bitonto. Promoted to titular archbishop of Seleucia Pieria, June 24, 1926. Appointed nuncio in Venezuela, June 28, 1926. Nuncio in Perú, July 26, 1936; he was charged with the affairs of the church in Ecuador, which had not had diplomatic relations with the Holy See for nearly forty years. Named nuncio in Ecuador, July 25, 1937, after having successfully negotiated the modus vivendi with the Ecuadorian government, which established the diplomatic relations between both states (1). Papal legate to the Second National Eucharistic Congress, La Paz, Bolivia, April 16, 1939. Envoy in a special mission to Venezuela, 1939. Extraordinary ambassador to the inauguration of President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche of Perú, December 8, 1939. Papal legate to the Second National Eucharistic Congress, Arequipa, Perú, September 21, 1940. Extraordinary ambassador to the inauguration of Juan Antonio Ríos Morales of Chile, April 2, 1942. Extraordinary ambassador to the inauguration of President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero of Perú, July 28, 1945. Extraordinary ambassador to the inauguration of President Marshal Gaspar Dutra of Brazil, January 31, 1946. Nuncio in Belgium and Luxemburg, March 9, 1946. Extraordinary papal envoy to the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain, June 2, 1953. Nuncio in Portugal, October 26, 1953.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1958; received the red hat and the title of S. Eustachio, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, March 12, 1959. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Córdoba, Argentina, October 20, 1959. Grand penitentiary, February 12, 1962. Papal legate to the Fourth Centennial Celebration of Theresian Reforms, Avila, Spain, July 16, 1962. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Cardinal bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Velletri, April 23, 1965. Papal legate to consign the Golden Rose to the Shrine of Fátima, Portugal, May 13, 1965. Resigned his post of grand penitentiary, April 6, 1967. Lost the right to participate in the conclave by being older than eighty years, January 1, 1971. He founded "Casa di Riposo di Pollenza", 1972.

Death. January 13, 1973, at 4 a.m., Rome. On that same day, Pope Paul VI visited the chapel where the body of the cardinals was exposed. The funeral mass, celebrated by Luigi Punzolo, titular archbishop of Sebastea, apostolic administrator of Velletri, took place in the patriarchal Vatican basilica on January 16, 1973, at 10:30 a.m. Cardinal Luigi Traglia represented the pope in the final commendation. A large number of cardinals, archbishops and bishops of the Roman Curia, as well as from Macerata, Pollenza and Acireale, attended the funeral. A funeral mass in the cathedral of Macerata was presided by Bishop Ersilio Tonini, bishop of Macerata, and concelebrated by 100 priests and numerous bishops. The funeral in Pollenza was a demonstration of the esteem of its population for the late cardinal. His mortal remains were buried in the parish church of S. Antonio, Pollenza, where he had celebrated his first mass.

Bibliography. Bogliolo, Luigi ; Casolini, Fausta. Il Cardinale Cento, 1883-1973. Dal cocolare domestico alla porpora. Roma : Città Nuova Editrice, 1983.

(1) The nuncio was asked to visit Ecuador on his way to enter his nunciature in Perú. The Ecuadoran government had placed as an absolute condition that the vist would have to be of a strictly private character. The nuncio entered the country as a simple tourist. He disembarked in the port of Guayaquil on August 31, 1936, and was received by civil and ecclesiastical authorities. Archbishop Carlos María de la Torre of Quito, future cardinal, went to meet him in the middle of the street in the city of Riobamba. The news of his arrival spread and provoked a festive and enthusiastic response from the population. The archbishop of Quito organized a a triumphant reception for the nuncio in that city, when he arrived at the station on September 3, 1936. The government got alarmed by the enthusiasm of the people and reminded the nuncio that he came as a private visitor and that it could not guarantee his safety. He was hosted by the Álvarez Barba family, who owned a house in the center of the city of Quito. President Federico Páez, who had probably imposed the restrictions on the visit of the nuncio, sent a high level officer of the presidency to greet the visitor the following morning. Archbishop Cento, after having celebrated mass in the Salesian church of "Cristo Rey", went personally to return the visit to the president and in the evening, he visited the foreign minister; he later went to thank the archbishop. From that day, the nuncio initiated a cordial rapport with the Catholic people of Quito and the diplomatic relations with the government, which culminated with a modus vivendi between the church and the state.

CEREJEIRA, Manuel Gonçalves (1888-1977)

Birth. November 29, 1888, Lousado, archdiocese of Braga, Portugal.

Education. Seminary of Braga, Braga; University of Coimbra, Coimbra.

Priesthood. Ordained, April 1, 1911, Braga. Faculty member of the University of Coimbra, 1911-1928. Member of the Permanent Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses, December 7, 1925.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Mitilene and appointed suffragan of Lisbon, March 23, 1928. Consecrated, June 17, 1928, Coimbra, by Luis Coelho da Silva, bishop of Coimbra. Vicar capitular of Lisbon, August 5, 1929. Promoted to the patriarchate of Lisbon, November 18, 1929.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 16, 1929; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, December 19, 1929. Papal legate to the National Congress of Prayer's Apostolate, Braga, July 15, 1930; to the centennial celebrations of St. Anthony, Lisbon, June 13, 1931; to the First National Missionary Congress, Lisbon, September 4, 1931; to the centennial celebrations of St. Elizabeth of Portugal, Coimbra, June 24, 1936. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Papal legate to the consecration of new cathedral of Lourenço Marques, Mozambique, May 28, 1944; to the 4th centennial celebration of the death of St. John of God, Portugal and Spain, September 23, 1950; to the 4th centennial celebrations of St. Francis Xavier's death, Goa, India, October 30, 1952; to the National Marian Congress, Braga, May 24, 1954. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Papal legate to the dedication of new Brazilian capital, Brasília, March 2, 1960. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Papal legate to the celebrations in honor of Our Lady of Monte Sameiro, May 20, 1964. Attended the I Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Lost the right to participate in the conclave by being older than eighty years, January 1, 1971. Resigned the pastoral government of the patriarchate, May 10, 1971.

Death. August 2, 1977, Lisbon. Buried, tomb of the patriarchs, church of São Vicente de Fora. Last surviving cardinal of Pope Pius XI.

Link. Brief biography, in Portuguese, in Os Cardeais Portugueses - Nota Histórica.

CERRETTI, Bonaventura (1872-1933)

Birth. June 17, 1872, Comune de Bardono, diocese of Orvieto, Italy. Son of Faustino Cerretti and Maria Custodi.

Education. Seminary of Spoleto, Spoleto; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Royal University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 31, 1895, Rome, by Tancredo Fausti, titular archbishop of Seleucia Pieria. Pastoral work in the diocese of Orvieto, 1895-1899. Staff member in the Secretariat of State, 1899-1904. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, January 13, 1904. Secretary to apostolic delegate in México, 1904-1906. Auditor in the apostolic delegation in the United States of America, 1906-1914.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Filippopoli di Tracia, April 15, 1914. Transferred to the titular see of Corinto, May 10, 1914. Consecrated, July 19, 1914, Rome, by Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val, secretary of State, assisted by Giulio Serafini, titular archbishop of Lepanto, and by Salvatore Fratocchi, bishop of Orvieto. Apostolic delegate in Australia and New Zealand, October 5, 1914. Secretary of the S C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, May 6, 1917. In special mission to the peace conference, Paris, May to June, 1919. Nuncio in France, May 20, 1921.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 14, 1925; received the red hat and the title of S. Cecilia, June 24, 1926. Papal legate to the 29th International Eucharistic Congress, Sydney, Australia, June 14, 1928. Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, July 16, 1930. Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, October 12, 1931. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Velletri, March 13, 1933. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, 1933; he died shortly after.

Death. May 8, 1933, Rome. Buried, basilica of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome.

Bibliography. Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, pp. 435-436; Cerretti, Elvira. Il Cardinale Bonaventura Cerretti. Rome : Istituto grafico Tiberino, 1939; De Marco, Vittorio. Un diplomatico vaticano all'Eliseo : il cardinale Bonaventura Cerretti (1872-1933). Rome : Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1984. (Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 52; Politica e storia, 52).

CHAROST, Alexis (1860-1930)

Birth. November 14, 1860, Le Mans, France. His baptismal name was Alexis-Armand.

Education. Seminary of Le Mans, Le Mans; Pontifical French Seminary, Rome; Catholic University of Angers, Angers.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 19, 1883. Faculty member of the School of Sainte-Croix, 1883-1892. Director of the Internship of Notre Dame de la Couture, Le Mans, 1892-1894. Secretary to the archbishop of Rennes, 1894-1899. Titular canon of the cathedral chapter of Rennes, 1899. Vicar general and director of secondary studies of the archdiocese of Rennes, 1909-1913.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Mliletopoli and appointed auxiliary of Cambrai for the General Vicariate of Lille, February 14, 1913. Consecrated, May 13, 1913, metropolitan cathedral of Rennes, by Auguste-Rene Dubourg, archbishop of Rennes, assisted by François Delamaire, archbishop of Cambrai, and by Olivier de Dufort, bishop of Langres. Transferred to see of Lille, November 21, 1913. Acting chancellor of the Catholic University of Lille, 1915; chancellor, 1919. Promoted to titular archbishop of Chersoneso and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Rennes, June 15, 1920. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Rennes, September 22, 1921.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 11, 1922; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Vittoria, December 14, 1922. Papal legate to the centennial celebrations in honor of Cardinal Charles-Martial Allemand-Lavigerie, Algiers, August 25, 1925; to the 50th anniversary of the Catholic University of Lille, March 14, 1927; to the celebrations in honor of St. Thérèse de Lisieux, Lisieux, September 15, 1929.

Death. November 7, 1930, Rennes. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Rennes.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 231-232.

CHELI, Giovanni (1918-

Birth. October 4, 1918, Turin, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Asti, Asti; Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in canon law and licentiateship in theology); Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome (diplomacy).

Priesthood. Ordained, April 21, 1942. In Asti, 1942-1949, diocesan vice-counselor of the Young Men of Catholic Action; faculty member and prefect general of discipline of the Seminary of Asti. Further studies and pastoral work in Rome, 1949-1952. Entered the Vatican diplomatic service, 1952. Attaché of the nunciature in Guatemala and faculty member in the Catholic University of Santa María, Guatemala City, 1952-1955. Privy chamberlain supernumerary of His Holiness, March 2, 1953; October 28, 1958. Secretary of the nunciature in Spain and pastoral work in Madrid, 1955-1962. Counselor of the nunciature in Italy, 1962-1967. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, March 1, 1965. At the service of Pontifical Council for Public Affairs of the Church, 1967-1973. Permanent observer of the Holy See at the United Nations Organization, July 25, 1973.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Santa Giusta and named apostolic nuncio, September 8, 1978. Consecrated, September 16, 1978, Vatican City, by Cardinal Jean Villot, bishop of the title of suburbicarian see of Frascati, secretary of State, prefect of Pontifical Council for Public Affairs of the Church, camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by Giuseppe Caprio, titular archbishop of Apollonia, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Agostino Casaroli, titular archbishop of Cartago, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. Pro-president of the Pontifical Commission for the Pastoral Care of Migrations and Tourism, September 18, 1986; commission changed name to Pontifical Council for Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants on June 28, 1988. President of the Pontifical Commission for Migrants and Intinerants, March 1, 1989. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Africa, Vatican City, April 10 to May 8, 1994; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for America, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of February 21, 1998; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, February 21, 1998. Resigned the presidency of the Pontifical Commission for Migrants and Intinerants, June 15, 1998. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when he turned 80 years of age, October 4, 1998. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title, March 1, 2008.

CHIARLO, Carlo (1881-1964)

Birth. November 4, 1881, Pontremoli, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Lucca, Lucca; Pontifical "Angelicum" Athenaeum, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 28, 1904, Lucca. Faculty member of the Seminary of Lucca and pastoral work in that archdiocese, 1904-1917. Secretary; and later, chargé d'affaires in the nunciature in Perú, 1917-1922. Auditor in the nunciature in Poland, 1922-1928. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, May 26, 1918; reappointed, July 21, 1922.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Amida, October 12, 1928. Consecrated, November 11, 1928, chapel of Collegio Pio-Latinoamericano, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, secretary of State, assisted by Giovanni Volpi, titular archbishop of Antiochia di Pisidia, and by Theodor Kubina, bishop of Czestochowa. Named nuncio in Bolivia, November 12, 1928. Nuncio in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Panamá, January 7, 1932. Transferred to the newly established nunciature in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panamá, December 19, 1933. Recalled to Rome in 1941 and charged with the special mission of assisting prisoners of the Second World War. Head of the pontifical mission to Germany, 1945. Nuncio in Brazil, March 19, 1946. Nuncio at disposition of the Secretariat of State, September 1954-1958.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1958; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Portico, deaconry elevated pro illa vice to title, December 18, 1958. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Attended the first two sessions of the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1963.

Death. January 21, 1964, Lucca. Buried in the urban cemetery of Lucca.

CIAPPI, O.P., Mario Luigi (1909-1996)

Birth. October 6, 1909, Florence, Italy.

Education. Seminary of Lucca, Lucca; Seminary of Arezzo, Arezzo. Joined Order of Preachers (Dominicans); professed in the convent of Santa Maria della Quercia, Viterbo; convent of San Domenico, Pistoia; Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome (doctorate in theology; thesis: De divina misericordia ut prima causa operum Dei); University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium; University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 26, 1932, Rome. Further studies, 1932-1935. Faculty member and dean of the Theological Faculty of the Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome, 1935-1955; of the Institute Beato Angelico, Rome. Master of the Sacred Palace, May 5, 1955; title changed to theologian of the Pontifical Household by the motu proprio Pontificalis domus, March 28, 1968. Attended the I Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Miseno, June 10, 1977. Consecrated, June 18, 1977, basilica of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, by Cardinal Dino Staffa, prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of Apostolic Signature, assisted by Jean Jérôme Hamer, O.P., titular archbishop of Lorio, secretary of the S.C. for the Doctrine of the Faith, and by Angelo Raimondo Verardo, O.P., bishop of Ventimiglia-San Remo.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of June 27, 1977; received the red biretta and the deaconry of Nostra Signora del S. Cuore, June 27, 1977. Pro-theologian of the Pontifical Household, 1977-1989 . Participated in the conclave of August 25 - 26, 1978. Participated in the conclave of October 14 - 16, 1978. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, November 5 - 9, 1979. Opted for order of cardinal priests and the title of Sacro Cuore di Gesù aggonizante a Vitinia, June 22, 1987. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, October 6, 1989.

Death. April 23, 1996, Rome. Buried, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

CICOGNANI, Amleto Giovanni (1883-1973)

Birth. February 24, 1883, Brisighella, diocese of Faenza, Italy. Son of Guglielmo Cicognani and Anna Ceroni. Brother of Cardinal Gaetano Cicognani (1953).

Education. Seminary of Faenza, Faenza; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 23, 1905, Faenza, by Gioacchino Cantagalli, bishop of Faenza. Further studies, 1905-1910. Official at the S.C. for the Discipline of the Sacraments, May 10, 1910. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, March 28, 1917; reappointed, March 9, 1922. Faculty member of the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", 1921-1932. Substitute adjunct of the S.C. Consistorial, December 16, 1922. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 19, 1923. Pastoral work in the diocese of Rome, 1926-1932. Special missions to United States of America, 1924 and 1931; to Brazil, 1926. Assessor of the S.C. for the Oriental Church, February 16, 1928. Secretary of the Cardinalitial Commission for the Codification of Oriental Canon Law, December 2, 1929. Protonotary apostolic, April 7, 1932.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Laodicea di Frigia, March 17, 1933. Consecrated, April 23, 1933, in the church of S. Susanna, Rome, by Cardinal Raffaele Carlo Rossi, O.C.D., secretary of the S.C. Consistorial, assisted by Giuseppe Pizzardo, titular archbishop of Nicea, and by Carlo Salotti, titular archbishop of Filippopoli. Apostolic delegate to the United States of America, April 23, 1933.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 15, 1958; received the red hat and the title of S. Clemente, December 18, 1958. His creation was an exception made to canon 232, 3, of the Code of Canon Law, that forbids anyone having a brother in the Sacred College of Cardinals to be a cardinal. Gaetano Cicognani, his brother, had been created a cardinal in the consistory of January 12, 1953, and was still living. Secretary of the S.C. for the Oriental Church, November 14, 1959. Papal legate to the National Catechetical Congress, Dallas, March 20, 1961. Secretary of State, president of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City, and president of the Commission of Cardinals for the Administration of the Wealth of the Holy See, August 12, 1961. President of the Cardinalitial Commission for the Special Administration of the Holy See, October 4, 1961. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Cardinal bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, May 23, 1962. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Confirmed in all his posts by the new Pope Paul VI, June 21, 1963. Papal legate to the 19th centennial celebration of the arrival of St. Paul Apostle to Spain, Tarragona, December 31, 1963. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See, May 7, 1968. Resigned his posts, April 30, 1969. Secretary of State emeritus, May 8, 1969. Attended the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969. Lost the right to participate in the conclave by being older than eighty years of age, January 1, 1971. Elected by the cardinal bishops and confirmed by Pope Paul VI as dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and cardinal bishop of the title of the suburbicarian see of Ostia, retaining the title of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, March 24, 1972.

Death. December 17, 1973, Vatican City. Buried in the church of S. Clemente, Rome.

Bibliography. Bransom, Charles N. Ordinations of U. S. Catholic bishops 1970-1989. A chronological list. Washington, D.C. : National Conference of Catholic Bishops ; United States Catholic Conference, 1990, p. 207; Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, pp. 42-43.

CICOGNANI, Gaetano (1881-1962)

Birth. November 26, 1881, Brisighella, diocese of Faenza, Italy. Son of Guglielmo Cicognani and Anna Ceroni. Brother of Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani (1958).

Education. Seminary of Faenza, Faenza; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome; Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 24, 1904, Faenza, by Gioacchino Cantagalli, bishop of Faenza. Successively, 1904-1915, further studies; staff member of the S. Roman Rota; staff member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature; faculty member of the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Rome. Entered in the Secretariat of State, 1915. Secretary of the nunciature in Spain, February 1, 1916. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, March 9, 1916; reappointed, July 5, 1922. Auditor of the nunciature in Belgium, February 3, 1920.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Ancira, January 11, 1925. Appointed nuncio in Bolivia, January 10, 1925. Consecrated, February 1, 1925, chapel of the Pontifical Collegio Pio-Latinoamericano, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, secretary of State, assisted by Rafaello Carlo Rossi, O.C.D., titular archbishop of Tessalonica, assessor of the S.C. Consistorial, and by Giovanni Maria Zonghi, titular archbishop of Colosso, president of the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles. Nuncio in Perú, June 15, 1928. Papal legate to the First National Eucharistic Congress, Lima, Perú, September, 1935. Nuncio in Austria, June 13, 1936. Nuncio in Spain (National Government), May 16, 1938.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 12, 1953; received the red hat and the title of S. Cecilia, October 29, 1953. Prefect of the S.C of Rites, December 7, 1953. Pro-prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of Apostolic Signature, November 18, 1954 to November 14, 1959. Participated in the conclave of 1958, which elected Pope John XXIII. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, December 14, 1959.

Death. February 5, 1962, Rome. Buried in the collegiate church of S. Michele, Brisighella, Faenza.

Bibliography. Il Cardinale Gaetano Cicognani (1881-1962). Note per una biografia. Roma : Studium, 1983.

Link. Biography, in Italian.

CINTRA, Sebastião Leme da Silveira (1882-1942)

Birth. January 20, 1882, Spirito Santo do Pinhol, diocese of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Education. Seminary of São Paulo, São Paulo; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 28, 1904, Rome. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of São Paulo; faculty member of its seminary, director of the archdiocesan newspaper A Gazeta do Povo; and cathedral canon, 1904-1910. Pro-vicar general of São Paulo, 1909-1911.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Ortosia di Fenicia and appointed auxiliary of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, March 24, 1911. Consecrated, June 24, 1911, Rome, by Cardinal Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti, archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, assisted by Francisco do Rego Maia, titular archbishop of Nicopoli al Nesto, and by Juan Nepomuceno Terrero y Escalada, bishop of La Plata. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Olinda, April 29, 1916. Became also archbishop of Recife when the see was united to Olinda, April 29, 1918. Named titular archbishop of Farsala and appointed coadjutor of Rio de Janeiro, with right of succession, March 15, 1921. Succeeded to the me